{"id":339961,"date":"2025-01-29T13:00:08","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T07:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=339961"},"modified":"2025-02-01T09:44:20","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T04:14:20","slug":"sc-allows-private-complaint-for-offence-of-false-evidence-before-tribunal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/01\/29\/sc-allows-private-complaint-for-offence-of-false-evidence-before-tribunal\/","title":{"rendered":"Know why SC allowed private complaint for offence of false evidence before a Tribunal, considering it as the only remedy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court:<\/span> In a criminal appeal against the Calcutta High Court&#8217;s decision on an application filed by the accused-respondent under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519791\" target=\"_blank\">482<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> (&#8216;CrPC&#8217;), declining to grant relief to the appellant for allowing his private complaint for alleged offences under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561474\" target=\"_blank\">193<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561481\" target=\"_blank\">199<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561484\" target=\"_blank\">200<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (&#8216;IPC&#8217;) before a Tribunal, on grounds that such a complaint under CrPC can only be made on directions of the Court concerned, the Division Bench of Sudhanshu Dhulia and Ahsanuddin Amanullah, JJ. allowed the appeal and held that the only way out available for the appellant was to file a private complaint. Therefore, the Court set aside the High Court&#8217;s decision and directed the Tribunal to entertain the private complaint.<\/p>\n<h3>Issue<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 18pt;\">Whether such a complaint can be made only by orders of the Court as contemplated under Section 195 read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519620\" target=\"_blank\">340<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">CrPC<\/a> or it can also be entertained as a private complaint.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court perused Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561474\" target=\"_blank\">193<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561481\" target=\"_blank\">199<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561484\" target=\"_blank\">200<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> and noted that they provide for <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Punishment for false evidence; False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence;<\/span> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">using as true such declaration knowing it to be false<\/span>, respectively.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court said that the offences mentioned therein can be committed, either before a Court or at any place as well. The Court pointed out that Section 195 read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519620\" target=\"_blank\">340<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">CrPC<\/a> prescribes a definitive route which has to be mandatorily followed if such an offence is alleged to have been committed before a Court. However, the Court said that if such an offence is committed elsewhere, other than a Court i.e., in any other forum, such as Tribunal, it does not mean that a person is without remedy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that in the present case, the offences were allegedly committed before a Municipal Building Tribunal. The Court noted that in the first round of litigation, the appellant had moved an application that the court may take cognizance of it and filed a complaint under Section 195 read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519620\" target=\"_blank\">340<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">CrPC<\/a>, which the High Court had declined. The Court also noted that in the second round of litigation, the appellant filed a private complaint, on which the cognizance was taken but the accused-respondent invoked the inherent jurisdiction of the High Court under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519791\" target=\"_blank\">482<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">CrPC<\/a>. Therein, the High Court concluded that the offences alleged to have been committed were such on which the complaint could have been filed only by the Court&#8217;s order.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court said that proceedings before a Tribunal are not a Court, hence, the Tribunal is not empowered to entertain an application under Section 195 read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519620\" target=\"_blank\">340<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">CrPC<\/a>. The Court stated that the only way such an application can be entertained and that too, for the precise offences of Sections 193, 199 and 200 is through a private complaint and only relating to the offences before the Tribunal. The Court also relied on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Iqbal Singh Narang<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Veeran Narang<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/rUMTsLLq\" target=\"_blank\">(2012) 2 SCC 60<\/a>, wherein under similar circumstances it was held that the only solution in such cases for a Tribunal is to entertain a private complaint.<\/p>\n<p><!--\n\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Anil Kumar J. Bavishi v. Mahendra Kumar Jalan, Criminal Appeal No. 5490 of 2024, decided on: 19-12-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<hr\/>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the petitioner:<\/span> Mr. Vikash Singh, AOR Mr. S. Hariharan, Adv. Mr. K. M. Kalidharun, Adv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Respondent(s):<\/span> Mr. Siddarth Luthra, Sr. Adv. Mr. Somopriyo Chowdhury, Adv. Ms. Pritha Basu, Adv. Mr. Ashish Choudhury, AOR Mr. Akash Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Debartha Chakraborty, Adv. Mr. Sougati, Adv. Mr. Anand Kamal, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Arora, Adv.<\/p>\n\n--><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-overflow: ellipsis; background-color: #92A8D1; text-align:justify; clear:both; text-size-adjust: auto; overflow: auto;\">\n<p style=\"font-size: 18pt; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center;\">CASE DETAILS<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" style=\"word-wrap: break-word; border-collapse:collapse; table-layout: fixed; margin-top: 10px;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"41%\"\/>\n<col width=\"59%\"\/>\n<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-weight: bold;\">Citation:<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/j831DE68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 4276<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-weight: bold;\">Appellants&#160;:<\/span><br \/> Anil Kumar J. Bavishi<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-weight: bold;\">Respondents&#160;:<\/span><br \/> Mahendra Kumar Jalan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-weight: bold;\">Advocates who appeared in this case<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-weight: bold;\">For Petitioner(s):<\/span><br \/> Mr. Vikash Singh, AOR Mr. S. Hariharan, Adv. Mr. K. M. Kalidharun, Adv.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-weight: bold;\">For Respondent(s):<\/span><br \/> Mr. Siddarth Luthra, Sr. Adv. Mr. Somopriyo Chowdhury, Adv. Ms. Pritha Basu, Adv. Mr. Ashish Choudhury, AOR Mr. Akash Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Debartha Chakraborty, Adv. Mr. Sougati, Adv. Mr. Anand Kamal, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Arora, Adv.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12pt; margin-top: -20px; margin-left: 5px;\"><span style=\"color: #D4E4F7; font-weight: bold;\">CORAM&#160;:<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"banner\" style=\"overflow: hidden; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding-left: 3%;\">\n<div class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; font-size: 9pt; text-align: center;\">\n<p><a><img decoding=\"async\" height=\"100px\" width=\"100px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Dhulia-.png\" alt=\"Sudhanshu Dhulia, J.\" style=\"border-radius: 50%;\"><br \/><span style=\"color: black !important;\">Sudhanshu Dhulia, J.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; font-size: 9pt; text-align: center;\">\n<p><a><img decoding=\"async\" height=\"100px\" width=\"100px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/imageedit_24_9207258843-1.jpg\" alt=\"Ahsanuddin Amanullah, J.\" style=\"border-radius: 50%;\"><br \/><span style=\"color: black !important;\">Ahsanuddin Amanullah, J.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; font-size: 9pt; text-align: center;\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Code of Criminal Procedure\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Penal Code, 1860 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"penal code, 1860\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Supreme Court set aside the High Court&#8217;s decision quashing the private complaint and concluding that the alleged offences under Sections 193, 199 and 200 of the IPC were such, on which the complaint could have only been filed by the Court following the route under Section 195 read with Section 340 of the CrPC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67517,"featured_media":339965,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[45458,55017,44753,45411,44635,77977,77978,5363,42792],"class_list":["post-339961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-false-evidence","tag-justice-ahsanuddin-amanullah","tag-justice-sudhanshu-dhulia","tag-private-complaint","tag-sc","tag-section-195-of-crpc","tag-section-340-of-crpc","tag-supreme-court","tag-tribunal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SC allows private complaint for offence of false evidence before a Tribunal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read SC\u2019s decision 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