{"id":339378,"date":"2025-01-20T09:00:38","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T03:30:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=339378"},"modified":"2025-01-23T09:46:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T04:16:44","slug":"considering-hospitalisation-as-pre-requisite-to-invoke-s-498a-ipc-erodes-purpose-of-provision-dhc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/01\/20\/considering-hospitalisation-as-pre-requisite-to-invoke-s-498a-ipc-erodes-purpose-of-provision-dhc\/","title":{"rendered":"Considering hospitalisation as pre-requisite to invoke S. 498-A IPC erodes purpose of provision; such narrow interpretation will render provision ineffective: Delhi HC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Delhi High Court:<\/span> In an application filed by the applicant (‘husband’) under Section 482<\/a> of Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> seeking anticipatory bail for offence punishable under Sections 498-A<\/a>1<\/sup><\/a>\/406<\/a>2<\/sup><\/a>\/34<\/a>3<\/sup><\/a> of Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’) and Sections 3<\/a>\/4<\/a> of Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961<\/a>, Swarana Kanta Sharma, J.<\/span>, stated that allowing such an argument to prevail that hospitalization was a prerequisite for invoking Section 498-A<\/a> IPC<\/a>, would erode the very purpose of the provision. Section 498-A of IPC was enacted to address the plight of women who suffer various forms of cruelty, not just physical abuse that resulted in visible injuries. If this ideology was allowed to grow, it would close the doors of justice for countless women who endure abuse behind closed doors, leaving them trapped in a distressing and oppressive environment. Such a narrow interpretation would render Section 498-A<\/a> of IPC<\/a> ineffective, silencing many victims and perpetuating cycles of abuse.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court dismissed the present bail application.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

In the present case, the marriage between the complainant (‘wife’) and the husband was solemnized on 25-02-2022, as per Muslim customs, with the dower fixed at Rs. 20,000. After the wedding reception on 05-03-2022, the wife retired to her in-laws’ residence. At the time of the wife’s departure, her parents and relatives had given dowry items — including a Creta car, Bullet motorcycle, gold and silver jewellery, furniture, appliances, utensils, and a sum of Rs. 5,25,000 in cash, as per the demands made by her in-laws.<\/p>\n

Additionally, the wife’s family had performed all pre-marital ceremonies, as per the instructions of the in-laws, incurring significant expenses. After the marriage, the wife had noticed a significant change in the behaviour of her in-laws, as they had allegedly started taunting her over various issues, speaking harshly, and verbally abusing her family.<\/p>\n

The allegations against the husband were that, after marriage, he and his family members had persistently harassed the wife for demand of additional dowry, despite already having received substantial amount of money in cash and large amount of articles and ornaments including a Creta car, gold jewellery, and specifically Rs. 5,25,000 in cash. They had verbally and physically abused her, made repeated demands for a Fortuner car and Rs. 25,00,000, in cash. She was pushed down the stairs, which caused her injuries. Eventually, they had thrown her out of the matrimonial home, had retained her belongings, and had also refused to return the dowry articles and her belongings despite repeated requests.<\/p>\n

Analysis, Law, and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Court observed that the allegations in the complaint were of a serious and distressing nature. The husband not only subjected the wife to severe harassment but also retained her jewellery and other personal belongings, thereby depriving her of her rightful property. The wife had also stated that the husband’s persistent threats of divorce and mental abuse caused her to consider ending her own life, highlighted the severity of the mental and emotional trauma inflicted upon her.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that the husband’s contention that it was his right to get married second time as he did not get along well with the wife and he had rightfully sold the vehicle given in dowry since it was registered in his name, brings forth, the malaise of even today, women being considered as a tool of enrichment and demanding cash, cars etc. and having no remorse for it. The fact that the husband remarried without seeking consent from the wife showed a disregard for his personal law and the sanctity of marriage.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that the husband’s contention that the present case was not a case where the wife was hospitalised due to cruelty or harassment committed upon her, was not only unmerited but also crossed the threshold of having a mentality that in a serious Section 498-A<\/a> of IPC<\/a> cases, the woman should have injuries and medical treatment record of a hospital. The Court stated that this contention implied that the woman must be physically beaten and battered to the extent of requiring hospitalisation and only then it would make out a case of cruelty under Section 498-A<\/a> of IPC<\/a>. Such a perspective failed to recognise the multifaceted nature of cruelty, which included mental, emotional, and financial abuse, all of which were equally detrimental and fell within the ambit of Section 498-A<\/a> of IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that allowing such an argument to prevail that hospitalization was a prerequisite for invoking Section 498-A<\/a> IPC<\/a>, would erode the very purpose of the provision. Section 498-A<\/a> of IPC<\/a> was enacted to address the plight of women who suffer various forms of cruelty, not just physical abuse that resulted in visible injuries. If this ideology was allowed to grow, it would close the doors of justice for countless women who endure abuse behind closed doors, leaving them trapped in a distressing and oppressive environment. Such a narrow interpretation would render Section 498-A<\/a> of IPC<\/a> ineffective, silencing many victims and perpetuating cycles of abuse.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that selling the car given in dowry, remarrying when his child was less than a year old without consent or informing the wife, misguiding the Trial Court and making statement that the husband was not remarried, not returning any of the dowry articles, not joining investigation, harassing the wife to the extent of forcing her to commit suicide, demanding a Fortuner car despite having received a Creta car, demanding Rs. 25 lakhs in cash, added to the seriousness of the offence.<\/p>\n

Thus, considering the facts, coupled with the seriousness of the allegations, the Court found no grounds to grant anticipatory bail to the applicant, and accordingly, dismissed the bail application.<\/p>\n

[X v. State, 2025 SCC OnLine Del 155<\/a>, decided on 14-01-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the Applicant:<\/span> Yogesh Sharma, Advocate<\/p>\n

For the Respondent:<\/span> Raj Kumar, APP for the State with SI Pankaj Kumar, PS. Jyoti Nagar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

1.<\/a> Corresponding Section 85<\/a> of Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (‘BNS’)<\/p>\n

2.<\/a> Corresponding Section 316(2)<\/a> of BNS<\/a><\/p>\n

3.<\/a> Corresponding Section 3(5)<\/a> of BNS<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The husband’s contention that the present case is not a case where the wife is hospitalised due to cruelty or harassment committed upon her, is not only unmerited but also cross the threshold of having a mentality that in a serious Section 498-A IPC cases, the woman should have injuries and medical treatment record of a hospital.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67520,"featured_media":314886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2570,2543,3000,77703,68485,77702,70878,36335,39700],"class_list":["post-339378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Cruelty","tag-Delhi_High_Court","tag-harassment","tag-hospitalisation","tag-justice-swarana-kanta-sharma","tag-narrow-interpretation","tag-nyaya-sanhita-2023","tag-penal-code-1860","tag-section-498a-ipc"],"yoast_head":"\nConsidering hospitalisation as a pre-requisite to invoke S. 498A IPC erodes purpose of provision: DHC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Delhi HC stated that considering hospitalisation as pre-requisite to invoke S. 498A IPC erodes purpose of provision; 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discharge under one does not ipso facto amount to acquittal for another","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 30, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0Sanjeev Sachdeva, J. dismissed a criminal revision petition filed against the order of the trial court whereby charge under Section 498-A\u00a0(husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty)\u00a0IPC was framed against the petitioner. Petitioner was married to the deceased who committed suicide on the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":289251,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/04\/12\/cruelty-against-married-woman-latest-supreme-court-judgments-on-498a-in-2022\/","url_meta":{"origin":339378,"position":1},"title":"Safeguarding Dignity or Misuse? Latest Supreme Court Judgments discussing Section 498-A IPC","author":"Ridhi","date":"April 12, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court continues to shape the interpretation and application of Section 498-A IPC, balancing the need to protect women from cruelty and dowry harassment with concerns over potential misuse. Recent rulings provide significant clarity on the scope and limitations of this provision, reaffirming its importance while addressing safeguards to prevent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Law made Easy"","block_context":{"text":"Law made Easy","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/law-made-easy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Latest Supreme Court Judgment on 498-A","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":206161,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/12\/03\/law-for-laymen-section-498-a-ipc-and-allied-sections-cruelty-to-women\/","url_meta":{"origin":339378,"position":2},"title":"Cruelty to Women [S. 498-A IPC and allied sections]","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 3, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"by Tejaswi Pandit\u2020","rel":"","context":"In "Law made Easy"","block_context":{"text":"Law made Easy","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/law-made-easy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CRUELTY-TO-WOMEN.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CRUELTY-TO-WOMEN.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CRUELTY-TO-WOMEN.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CRUELTY-TO-WOMEN.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CRUELTY-TO-WOMEN.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":224166,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/01\/13\/del-hc-conviction-under-s-498-a-does-not-automatically-render-the-accused-liable-to-be-held-guilty-under-s-306-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":339378,"position":3},"title":"Del HC | Conviction under S. 498-A does not automatically render the accused liable to be held guilty under S. 306 IPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Sanjeev Sachdeva, J., set aside the order of the trial court challenged by the appellant, whereby the appellant was convicted for the offences punishable under Section 498-A\u00a0(husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty)\u00a0and Section 306\u00a0(abetment of suicide)\u00a0of the Penal Code. The wife\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":297718,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/26\/second-wife-complaint-section-498-a-penal-code-not-maintainable-karnataka-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":339378,"position":4},"title":"Complaint under S. 498-A, IPC filed by the second wife against the husband and in-laws cannot be maintainable: Karnataka High Court","author":"Sucheta","date":"July 26, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court pointed out that \u2018woman\u2019 as per S. 498-A, IPC means and includes a legally wedded wife.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"karnataka high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":225470,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/02\/11\/bom-hc-allegations-of-cruelty-and-harassment-in-absence-of-specific-details-would-not-attract-to-ingredients-of-ss-304b-and-498-a-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":339378,"position":5},"title":"Bom HC | Allegations of Cruelty and Harassment, in absence of specific details, would not attract ingredients of Ss. 304B and 498-A IPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 11, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: A Division Bench of S.S. Shinde and V.G. Bisht, JJ., dismissed the criminal appeal on finding the trial court\u2019s decision which was challenged to be in consonance with evidence on record. A criminal appeal was filed by the deceased\u2019s father (Informant) against the judgment and order that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67520"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=339378"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339378\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=339378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=339378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=339378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}