{"id":337962,"date":"2024-12-25T17:00:30","date_gmt":"2024-12-25T11:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=337962"},"modified":"2024-12-25T16:11:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-25T10:41:48","slug":"sc-quashes-proceedings-against-parents-in-laws-under-section-498-a-ipc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/12\/25\/sc-quashes-proceedings-against-parents-in-laws-under-section-498-a-ipc\/","title":{"rendered":"‘Proceedings initiated with ulterior motive, used as weapon’; SC quashes proceedings against parents-in-law under S. 498-A of IPC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court:<\/span> In a criminal appeal against a decision of the Bombay High Court, whereby the accused persons’ (parents-in-law) application under Section 482<\/a> of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> (‘CrPC’) for quashing and setting aside the First Information Report (‘FIR’) for offences punishable under Sections 498-A<\/a>, 312<\/a>, 313<\/a> and 34<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’) was dismissed, the Division Bench of BR Gavai<\/span>* and KV Viswanathan, JJ. allowed their appeal, opining that only stating that cruelty has been committed due to some reason, would not amount to the offence under Section 498-A<\/a> of IPC<\/a> being attracted. The Court stated that the proceedings were initiated with an ulterior motive of pressurising the son\/ husband to consent to the divorce according to the terms of the complainant-wife, hence, the Court set aside the High Court’s decision.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

The complainant-wife and the accused persons’’ son were married in 2006, and two daughters were born out of wedlock. After the birth of the second daughter in 2011, the husband and the in-laws\/ accused persons demanded a son from her. Allegedly they insulted her and inflicted physical and mental cruelty, stating that she was giving birth to only daughters. Due to the ill treatment, she began residing separately from February 2018. It was further alleged that the in-laws used to instigate their son against his wife. It is further alleged that her in-laws also made her eat a poisonous meal, following which she had stomach pain, and she started bleeding which led to the miscarriage. It was discovered that a piece of the foetus was still in her womb, and she was treated for the same. Following this forced abortion, physical and mental cruelty, a complaint was lodged.<\/p>\n

The in-laws along with their son filed a criminal application under Section 482<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> praying for quashing and setting aside of the FIR before the High Court. Meanwhile, the Family Court vide order dated 20-05-2019 granted a decree of divorce by mutual consent and dissolved the marriage between the wife and her husband. The High Court, vide impugned judgment dismissed the application under Section 482<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> for quashing of the FIR. Analysis and Decision<\/span><\/p>\n

The Court remarked that for offence under Section 498-A<\/a> of the IPC<\/a>, there has to be cruelty inflicted against the victim which either drives her to commit suicide or cause grave injury to herself or lead to such conduct that would cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health. The Court pointed out that the second part of Section 498-A refers to harassment with a view to satisfy an unlawful demand for any property or valuable security raised by the husband or his relatives. The Court said that in the matter at hand, no allegations fulfilled the requirement of the second part.<\/p>\n

Regarding the allegations that in-laws inflicted mental and physical cruelty upon her as she could not give birth to a male child, the Court said that they appeared to be vague since no specific instances of harassment were mentioned. The Court pointed out that no specific role or allegation was levelled on either of the in-laws and no specific incident of physical or mental cruelty was mentioned. The Court stated that a mere omnibus statement was made that the physical and mental cruelty was afflicted because the complainant-wife could not provide a male child. Similarly, no specific or precise instances were mentioned as to how the in-laws instigated their son and what acts were committed by him as a direct result of such instigation.<\/p>\n

The Bench relied on Dara Lakshmi Narayana<\/span> v. State of Telangana<\/span>, 2024 SCC OnLine SC 3682<\/a>, wherein while dealing with similar facts, this Court held that vague allegations of cruelty were levelled by the complainant therein (wife) and the relatives of the husband (including the parents-in-law) were dragged into the crime without any reason; FIR lacked precise allegations, and that the FIR came to be lodged as a retaliatory measure intended to settle score with the husband and his relatives.<\/p>\n

The Court reiterated that ‘cruelty’ is not enough to constitute the offence, it must be done with the intention to cause grave injury or drive the victim to commit suicide or inflict grave injury to herself.<\/span><\/p>\n

For offence under Section 312<\/a> and 313<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> which prescribes for ‘causing miscarriage’ and ‘causing miscarriage without woman’s consent’, the Court on perusal of the FIR and Doctor’s statement revealed that the complainant tested for her pregnancy herself prior to her visit to her hospital and that she was living separately from her husband and in-laws. The Corut pointed out that since she was living separately, there was no hint of any communication as to how did the in-laws have prior knowledge of her pregnancy and why did they visit her on the day of the incident.<\/p>\n

Further, the Court added that the complaint was lodged after the notice of divorce was given by the complainant-wife, wherein, there was not even a whisper of the allegation of the cruelty or the miscarriage caused by the in-laws and husband. The Court also noted that the alleged incident took place in 2016, whereas the complaint was filed after the notice of divorce was given by the complainant, i.e. in 2018. Regarding the explanation for the delay in filing the complaint given by the complainant that she did not want to spoil the marital relations, the Court pointed out that she stated that she began residing separately and had moved out of the matrimonial house.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court concluded that the proceedings were initiated with an ulterior motive of pressurising the son\/ husband to consent to the divorce according to the terms of the complainant-wife and the proceedings were used as a weapon by her in the personal discord between the couple. The Court opined that allegations made in the FIR or the complaint, even if taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety did not prima facie constitute a case against the accused persons and that the High Court was not justified in quashing the proceedings, and that this was a fit case wherein the High Court should have exercised its inherent powers under Section 482<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> to quash the criminal proceedings.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

CASE DETAILS<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
\n

Citation:<\/span>
2024 SCC OnLine SC 3836<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Appellants :<\/span>
Digambar<\/p>\n

Respondents :<\/span>
State of Maharashtra<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in this case<\/p>\n

For Petitioner(s):<\/span>
Shubham Kumar, Adv.; Chand Qureshi, AOR<\/p>\n

For Respondent(s):<\/span>
Devina Sehgal, AOR; S Uday Bhanu, Adv.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

CORAM :<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\"BR
BR Gavai, J.<\/span><\/img><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"KV
KV Viswanathan, J.<\/span><\/img><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Code<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Cruelty is not enough to constitute offence under S. 498-A IPC, it must be done with the intention to cause grave injury or drive victim to commit suicide or inflict grave injury to herself.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67517,"featured_media":337963,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[44180,58096,76875,44635,39700,5363],"class_list":["post-337962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-justice-br-gavai","tag-justice-kv-viswanathan","tag-s-498-a-of-ipc-against-in-laws","tag-sc","tag-section-498a-ipc","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"\nSC quashes proceedings against parents-in-laws under S. 498-A of IPC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"'Proceedings initiated with ulterior motive; SC allowed parents-in-laws plea for quashing proceedings under S. 498-A of IPC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/12\/25\/sc-quashes-proceedings-against-parents-in-laws-under-section-498-a-ipc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Proceedings initiated with ulterior motive, used as weapon\u2019; 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Recent rulings provide significant clarity on the scope and limitations of this provision, reaffirming its importance while addressing safeguards\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Law made Easy"","block_context":{"text":"Law made Easy","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/law-made-easy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"498-A misuse","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/498-A-misuse.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/498-A-misuse.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/498-A-misuse.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/498-A-misuse.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":372279,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/12\/kar-hc-quashed-proceedings-against-neighbour-in-s-498-a-ipc-case\/","url_meta":{"origin":337962,"position":1},"title":"Stranger cannot be drawn into proceedings under Section 498-A IPC: Karnataka High Court quashed proceedings against neighbor","author":"Shriya Singh","date":"January 12, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cPermitting further proceedings against the neighbor would become an abuse of the process of the law and result in miscarriage of justice.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"proceedings against neighbour under S. 498-A IPC","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/proceedings-against-neighbour-under-S.-498-A-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/proceedings-against-neighbour-under-S.-498-A-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/proceedings-against-neighbour-under-S.-498-A-IPC.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/proceedings-against-neighbour-under-S.-498-A-IPC.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":349218,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/05\/31\/forced-unnatural-sex-not-punishable-u-s-377-ipc-but-attracts-s-498-a-if-coupled-with-cruelty-assault-mp-high-court-scc-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":337962,"position":2},"title":"Forced Unnatural Sex not punishable under S. 377 IPC, but attracts S. 498-A if coupled with cruelty\/assault: MP High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"May 31, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Cruelty under Section 498-A IPC does not necessarily require proof of dowry demands; physical or mental cruelty alone is sufficient.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Madhya Pradesh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Madhya-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Madhya-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Madhya-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Madhya-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":355619,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/05\/bom-hc-friend-not-relative-under-section-498a-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":337962,"position":3},"title":"Husband\u2019s friend not a \u2018relative\u2019 under Section 498-A IPC: Bombay High Court","author":"Editor","date":"August 5, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The husband\u2019s friend tried to convince him that if his demands are not fulfilled then he shall not cohabit with his wife and shall send her to her paternal home.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/blog-7-7.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/blog-7-7.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/blog-7-7.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/blog-7-7.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":289251,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/04\/12\/cruelty-against-married-woman-latest-supreme-court-judgments-on-498a-in-2022\/","url_meta":{"origin":337962,"position":4},"title":"Safeguarding Dignity or Misuse? Latest Supreme Court Judgments discussing Section 498-A IPC","author":"Ridhi","date":"April 12, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court continues to shape the interpretation and application of Section 498-A IPC, balancing the need to protect women from cruelty and dowry harassment with concerns over potential misuse. Recent rulings provide significant clarity on the scope and limitations of this provision, reaffirming its importance while addressing safeguards to prevent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Law made Easy"","block_context":{"text":"Law made Easy","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/law-made-easy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Latest Supreme Court Judgment on 498-A","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Latest-Supreme-Court-Judgment-on-498-A.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":325333,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/29\/paramour-accused-498a-ipc-criminal-proceedingspetition-allowed-karnataka-hc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":337962,"position":5},"title":"Paramour of an accused cannot be dragged into proceedings under Section 498A of IPC; Karnataka HC reiterates","author":"Editor","date":"June 29, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court pointed out that a paramour of an accused cannot be dragged into proceedings under Section 498A of IPC as the said accused would not become a relative or a member of the family as is necessary under Section 498A of IPC.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Karnataka High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67517"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=337962"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337962\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/337963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=337962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=337962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=337962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}