{"id":337136,"date":"2024-12-12T12:00:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T06:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=337136"},"modified":"2024-12-18T18:20:32","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T12:50:32","slug":"zero-fir-purpose-is-to-ensure-filing-complaints-regardless-of-jurisdiction-kerala-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/12\/12\/zero-fir-purpose-is-to-ensure-filing-complaints-regardless-of-jurisdiction-kerala-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"Purpose of Zero FIR under BNSS is to ensure victims can file complaints regardless of jurisdiction: Kerala HC directs Magistrate to reconsider DBS Bank application to register FIR"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kerala High Court:<\/span> In a writ petition challenging the order passed by the Judicial First-Class Magistrate Court (‘Magistrate’), wherein the Court rejected DBS Bank’s application seeking registration of FIR, stating lack of jurisdiction, the Single Judge bench of Dr Kauser Edappagath, J., while setting aside the impugned order, held that the case clearly falls under Section 200<\/a> of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (‘BNSS’) which the Magistrate overlooked.Thus, the Court directed the Magistrate to reconsider DBS Bank’s application in light of this judgment and pass fresh orders as per law.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

DBS Bank extended its financial facilities to customers under various finance schemes, including the Jewel Deposit Loan (‘JDL’). An FIR (‘initial FIR’) was registered against the accused, a Branch Manager of Bank of Maharashtra, under Section 409<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’) on the allegation that he replaced 26,244.20 grams of gold jewels worth approximately Rs. 17 crores with counterfeit gold jewels, that had been pledged for obtaining loans by customers of Bank of Maharashtra. During the investigation, it was found that some parts of the misappropriated gold jewels were in the custody of the DBS Bank at the Tiruppur Branch and Kangayam Road Branch as they had been pledged by its customers for availing loan under the JDL facility.Consequently, after conducting a search and seizure, those gold ornaments were seized.<\/p>\n

Pursuant to this, DBS Bank approached the Tiruppur Police Station to register an FIR against 56 of its customers, who had availed JDL facility, for criminal conspiracy and cheating. When there was no response, the DBS Bank complained to the Commissioner of Police, Tiruppur. However, the Commissioner refused to register an FIR and directed the Bank to approach Vatakara Police Station on the ground that the initial FIR had already been registered against the accused. Thereafter, the Bank approached the SHO, Vatakara Police Station seeking registration of FIR under Sections 318(4)<\/a>, 319(2)<\/a> read with Section 61(2)<\/a> of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (‘BNS’). Upon receiving no response, the Bank approached the Superintendent of Police, Kozhikode, but received no response yet again.<\/p>\n

Due to this, the Bank filed an application under Section 173(4) read with Section 175(3)<\/a> of BNSS<\/a> before the Magistrate, seeking registration of FIR. The Magistrate vide the impugned order, rejected the application on the ground of lack of jurisdiction. Aggrieved by this, the Bank filed the present writ petition.<\/p>\n

Analysis<\/h3>\n

The Court noted that the Magistrate seems to have the view that since the alleged offence of cheating had taken place within the State of Tamil Nadu, only the courts of Tamil Nadu will have the jurisdiction.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that the implementation of Section 173<\/a> of BNSS<\/a> marks a significant shift in how the police handles information regarding the commission of a cognizable offence, as Zero FIR has now been given statutory recognition in Section 173. The Court stated that Zero FIR was introduced with the primary purpose of ensuring that victims can file complaints regardless of jurisdiction. Further, the Court stated that as per Section 173(1)<\/a> of BNSS<\/a>, the police have to register an FIR upon receiving any information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, irrespective of the area where it is committed.<\/p>\n

Upon perusal of Section 173(3) and (4), the Court held that Vatakara police ought to have acted upon the DBS Bank’s complaint since it disclosed facts and circumstances which make out an offence of criminal conspiracy to cheat it, i.e., the commission of a cognizable offence. The Court noted that these facts and circumstances have been reiterated in the DBS Bank’s application, however, the Magistrate failed to take note of them and rejected the application on the ground of lack of jurisdiction.<\/p>\n

The Court also noted that there was clear averment in the DBS Bank’s application that the cheated money had been transferred from its 56 customers to the bank accounts of the accused persons whose bank accounts are located in Vatakara. There was another clear averment that the cause of action arose initially in Tamil Nadu when the gold loans were sanctioned and then arose again in Kerala when the gold loan amount was transferred to the bank accounts located in Vatakara. Additionally, the gold jewels seized from the DBS Bank and its cheated money fell within the jurisdiction of Vatakara Police Station.<\/p>\n

Delving into Section 200<\/a> of BNSS<\/a>, which deals with the place of trial where an act is an offence because of its relation to another offence, the Court said that the relation between ‘the first mentioned offence’ and the other offence is a logical relationship, not a chronological sequence. The Court reiterated that the underlying principle is that the act must be an offence because of its relation to any other act which is also an offence. Thus, this relation brings the Section into operation and gives jurisdiction to the Courts in both areas where either of the acts has occurred.<\/p>\n

Further, the Court agreed with DBS Bank’s contention that the act of ‘pledging’ alone is not an offence, but it became an offence because of the act and offence registered at Vatakara police station under Section 409<\/a> of IPC<\/a>, i.e., the property which was involved in criminal breach of trust case had been pledged and loan under JDL Scheme had been availed. The offence of cheating under Section 318(4)<\/a> of BNS<\/a> became dependent on the offence of criminal misappropriation under Section 409<\/a> of IPC<\/a>. Thus, the offence of criminal conspiracy that had taken place against the DBS Bank comes under the category of ‘part of same transaction’ of the main crime.<\/p>\n

Noting the aforesaid, the Court held that these facts make it clear that the case falls within the ambit of Section 200<\/a> of BNSS<\/a>. Thus, the Vatakara police have jurisdiction to investigate the alleged offence of criminal conspiracy and cheating.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court set aside the impugned order as unsustainable and directed the Magistrate to reconsider DBS Bank’s application in light of this judgment and pass fresh orders as per law.<\/p>\n

[DBS Bank India Ltd v. State of Kerala, 2024 SCC OnLine Ker 7111<\/a>, decided on 02-12-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the petitioner:<\/span> Anshuman Sinha, Senior Advocate, Ramakrishnan M.N.<\/p>\n

For the respondent:<\/span> Advocate General Office Kerala, Director General of Prosecution, P. Narayanan, Senior Government Pleader, Additional Public Prosecutor, and Sajju. S., Senior Government Pleader<\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Under Section 173(1) of BNSS, the police cannot refuse to register an FIR on the ground of “not having territorial jurisdiction” over the offence for the reason that some part of the offence was committed outside the local jurisdiction of that concerned police station.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":316393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[76329,61916,32378,33741,76328,17231,44206,10141,76327,2523,76323,76324,76325,76326,43751],"class_list":["post-337136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-bank-of-maharashtra-gold-fraud-case","tag-bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita","tag-cheating","tag-cognizable-offence","tag-counterfeit-gold-jewels","tag-criminal-conspiracy","tag-dbs-bank","tag-fraud","tag-gold-for-loan","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-section-173-of-bnss","tag-section-175-of-bnss","tag-section-200-of-bnss","tag-section-409-of-ipc","tag-zero-fir"],"yoast_head":"\nZero FIR\u2019s purpose is to ensure filing of complaints regardless of jurisdiction: Kerala HC 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Zero FIR has been introduced with the primary purpose of ensuring that victims can file complaints regardless of jurisdiction.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"FIR on online complaint","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-on-online-complaint.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-on-online-complaint.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-on-online-complaint.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-on-online-complaint.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 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the High Court could have examined the petitioner\u2019s grievance, since it is evident from the petition, that the petitioner sought to invoke the twin jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution and Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, to quash the FIR.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Using Article 226 to Quash FIR","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Using-Article-226-to-Quash-FIR.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Using-Article-226-to-Quash-FIR.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Using-Article-226-to-Quash-FIR.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate cannot exercise the administrative power of transfer of case from one Court to another within its jurisdiction, unless an order is passed by the High Court under Section 10(2) of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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