{"id":334414,"date":"2024-11-05T11:00:51","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T05:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=334414"},"modified":"2024-11-05T11:06:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T05:36:44","slug":"supreme-court-upholds-acquittal-of-three-in-28-year-old-murder-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/11\/05\/supreme-court-upholds-acquittal-of-three-in-28-year-old-murder-case\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018FIR not an encyclopedia, but can be used to corroborate or contradict informant\u2019; SC upholds acquittal of 3 in 28-year-old murder case"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court:<\/span> In a criminal appeal against the judgment of acquittal passed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court reversing the conviction recorded by the Trial Court against the accused persons, the Division Bench of CT Ravikumar<\/span>* and Sudhanshu Dhulia, JJ. agreed with the High Court’s decision of acquittal and refused to interfere with the same. The Court upheld the High Court’s view in finding the prosecution witnesses unreliable.<\/p>\n

Factual Matrix<\/h3>\n

On 01-10-1996, at about 1.00 pm, the accused persons allegedly murdered the deceased. The prosecution had examined 19 witnesses including the real brothers of the deceased and eyewitnesses. Placing reliance on oral testimonies of prosecution witnesses, the minor brothers and mother convicted the accused persons for an offence punishable under Section 302<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’) and were sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs. 35,000\/-. The High Court acquitted them of the offences with which they were charged and allowed the appeal in the impugned judgment of acquittal.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Court reiterated that FIR is not an encyclopedia disclosing all facts and details relating to the entire prosecution case. FIR is not meant to be a detailed document containing a chronicle of all intricate and minute details. The Court stated that whether the omission is one which seriously impeaches the credibility of the witness and is sufficient to reject the testimony of the informant would depend upon the question whether it is of an important fact and whether that fact was within the knowledge of the informant, going by the case of prosecution unravelled through the witness concerned. Further, the Court reiterated that even though FIR is not meant to be an encyclopedia containing chronicle of all intricate and minute details, it could be used to corroborate its maker under Section 157<\/a> of the Evidence Act, 1872<\/a> or to contradict its maker viz., the informant under Section 145<\/a> of the Evidence Act<\/a> to establish whether he is a trustworthy witness or not.<\/p>\n

The Court while dealing with the oral evidence of the mother of the deceased, at whose instance FIR was registered against the respondents herein, noted that during the cross-examination she had not deposed at all about a dying declaration made to her by the deceased son. The Court stressed that the dying declaration itself is not a strong piece of evidence and therefore, when it is verbal and that too, allegedly made to a close relative, to be treated with care and caution. Referring to the Trial Court’s decision, the Court said that the same was without due care and caution. From the Trial Court’s decision, the Court gathered that after considering the aspect of the dying declaration in such a light manner, believing the oral evidence of the deceased’s mother as well, the Trial Court arrived at the finding that one of the accused had beaten deceased with sickle, and another had beaten him with bamboo lathi (equipped with Farsa) and one inflicted axe blow on him and thereby caused his murder.<\/p>\n

Further, the Court noted that the prosecution failed to establish that when the mother of the deceased reached the place of occurrence the deceased was in a fit state of mind to speak or talk relevantly. Hence, the Court held that the High Court was perfectly justified in considering the oral testimony of mother and taking serious note of the serious omission brought out from her. Regarding the oral testimonies of other prosecution witnesses who allegedly witnessed the incident that led to the death of the deceased, the Court held that the High Court rightly found them to be unreliable. The Court also added that the defence had succeeded in bringing out the fact that both the minor brothers of the deceased had omitted to mention certain material facts to police while their statements were recorded, in regard to the oral evidence of their mother. The Court stated that the omissions on their part were not minor contradictions to be taken lightly as according to them they did not name the accused persons in their previous statements made to the police.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

CASE DETAILS<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
\n

Citation:<\/span>
2024 SCC OnLine SC 3070<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Appellants :<\/span>
State of M.P.<\/p>\n

Respondents :<\/span>
Ramjan Khan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in this case<\/p>\n

For Petitioner(s):<\/span> <\/p>\n

For Respondent(s):<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

CORAM :<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\"CT
CT Ravikumar, J.<\/span><\/img><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"Sudhanshu
Sudhanshu Dhulia, J.<\/span><\/img><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The prime object of FIR, from the point of view of the informant is to set the criminal law in motion and from the point of the investigating authorities is to obtain information about the alleged activity to enable them to take suitable steps to trace and book the guilty. FIR is an important document, though not a substantial piece of evidence, and may be put in evidence to support or contradict the evidence of its maker viz., the informant.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67517,"featured_media":334420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[4561,48287,44753,54817,30765,67495,5363],"class_list":["post-334414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-acquittal","tag-justice-ct-ravikumar","tag-justice-sudhanshu-dhulia","tag-murder-case","tag-section-302-ipc","tag-section-34-of-ipc","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"\nSupreme Court upholds acquittal of three in 28-year-old murder case<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u2018FIR not an encyclopedia, but can be used to corroborate or contradict informant\u2019; 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SC sets aside husband\u2019s conviction under S. 302 IPC","author":"Editor","date":"April 9, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The High Court unfortunately reversed the acquittal without anything other than a finding on alibi having not been proved and the accused not having offered any explanation regarding the death of the deceased, which occurred while they were living together.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Husband\u2019s acquittal under S. 302","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Husbands-acquittal-under-S.-302.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Husbands-acquittal-under-S.-302.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Husbands-acquittal-under-S.-302.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Husbands-acquittal-under-S.-302.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":273290,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/08\/supreme-court-karnataka-high-court-section-302-of-the-penal-code-section-378-crpc-conviction-acquittal-unlawful-assembly-murder-common-object-first-information-reports-rioting-trespass-wi\/","url_meta":{"origin":334414,"position":3},"title":"Reversing acquittal of only 2 out of 22 acquitted murder accused, despite glaring contradictions between witness testimonies, illogical; SC sets aside Karnataka HC verdict","author":"Editor","date":"September 8, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Supreme Court: In an appeal against the Karnataka High Court's reversal of acquittal of 2 out of the 22 accused acquitted by the Sessions Court in a murder case, the bench of V. Ramasubramanian*and Indira Banerjee, JJ has reversed the High Court's verdict observing that there were glaring\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-69-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-69-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-69-2.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-69-2.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-69-2.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":326804,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/07\/17\/supreme-court-discharges-man-accused-of-criminal-conspiracy-for-his-cashiers-custodial-death\/","url_meta":{"origin":334414,"position":4},"title":"Supreme Court discharges man accused of criminal conspiracy for his cashier\u2019s custodial death","author":"Apoorva","date":"July 17, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court said that the finding of the Trial Court on the ground to proceed against the accused is based on suppositions and suspicions, having no foundational support from the materials produced by the prosecution.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"cashier\u2019s custodial death","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":332073,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/09\/28\/7-accused-persons-acquittal-1985-murder-abduction-prosecution-sc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":334414,"position":5},"title":"SC acquits all 7 persons convicted in 1985 murder & abduction case as reasonable doubts strike prosecution case\u2019s foundations","author":"Sucheta","date":"September 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court emphasised that in order to reverse a finding of acquittal, a higher threshold is required. 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