{"id":330281,"date":"2024-09-07T15:00:12","date_gmt":"2024-09-07T09:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=330281"},"modified":"2024-09-11T17:22:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T11:52:52","slug":"minor-girls-marriage-to-adult-constitutes-cruelty-ground-for-divorce-under-section-13-of-hindu-marriage-act-mp-hc-scc-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/09\/07\/minor-girls-marriage-to-adult-constitutes-cruelty-ground-for-divorce-under-section-13-of-hindu-marriage-act-mp-hc-scc-times\/","title":{"rendered":"Minor girl\u2019s marriage to adult constitutes mental and physical Cruelty, a ground for divorce under Section 13 of Hindu Marriage Act: MP High Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Madhya Pradesh High Court:<\/span> In an appeal filed by the appellant (wife) under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001543755\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">28<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindu Marriage Act, 1955<\/a> (the Act) challenging the District Judge&#8217;s order dismissing her suit, seeking a decree declaring her marriage as void or voidable, a Division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Vivek Rusia*<\/span> and Binod Kumar Dwivedi, JJ., held that marriage of a minor girl to an adult can cause mental and physical cruelty as she was not ready to perform the marital obligations, thereby, providing another ground for divorce under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001543733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Act<\/a> and declared the marriage between the appellant and the respondent null and void.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appellant&#8217;s marriage to the respondent (husband) was solemnized on 21-05-2009, following Hindu customs. At the time of the marriage, the appellant was 15 years old. The appellant lived with her husband post-marriage, but the marriage was not consummated. She later discovered the respondent&#8217;s partial blindness, which led to her seeking a decree of nullity. The appellant filed a suit before District Court, Ujjain seeking nullity of the marriage under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001543731\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001543732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindu Marriage Act, 1955<\/a> (HMA), citing the respondent&#8217;s blindness in one eye, a fact she claimed was concealed from her.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The District Court dismissed the appellant&#8217;s suit and held that the marriage could not be declared void or voidable under Sections 11 and 12 of the Act since the breach of Clause (iii) of Section 5 (age-related condition) was not included in these provisions. Aggrieved by the impugned order passed by the District Court, the appellant filed the present appeal challenging the same.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appellant argued that the marriage was neither consummated nor valid, as it violated the age requirements under Section 5 of the Act, therefore, marriage should be declared void or voidable. The appellant cited Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001524970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006<\/a>, which renders child marriages voidable at the option of the minor contracting party. Additionally, the appellant argued that the blindness of the respondent was fraudulently concealed. The appellant relied on precedents such as <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Independent Thought<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/TFJIdrPV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2017) 10 SCC 800<\/a> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">T. Sivakumar<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Inspector of Police<\/span>, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Thiruvallur Town Police Station<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/5w0n9r28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2011 SCC OnLine Mad 1722<\/a>, emphasising that child marriages are voidable but not void. However, the respondent denied knowledge of the appellant&#8217;s age and stated that she had left to live with her parents and was no longer interested in continuing the marriage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court acknowledged that the marriage was performed when the appellant was a minor and the respondent was blind in one eye. The Court noted that under Section 3 of Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, a child marriage can be voidable at the option of the minor contracting party. The Court stated that the lower court erred by focusing solely on the Act without considering the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"\">The Court asserted that the appellant, as a minor, should have filed for annulment under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act instead of relying solely on Sections 11 and 12 of Act, due to ignorance of the law. The Court further noted that marriage to a minor can cause mental and physical cruelty as she was not ready to perform the marital obligations, providing another ground for divorce under Section 13 of the Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;It is a case of cruelty also, the marriage of a minor girl with a major male will cause mental as well as physical cruelty as she was not ready to perform the marital obligations, therefore, under Section 13 of HMA also she could have claimed the divorce from the husband \/ respondent.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court affirmed that child marriages are voidable Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, and cruelty could also be grounds for divorce under Section 13 of the Act as marriage to a minor can cause mental and physical cruelty as she was not ready to perform the marital obligations. The Court set aside the judgment of the Additional District Judge and declared the marriage between the appellant and the respondent null and void.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">X<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Y<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/6Bp0V5gH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine MP 5315<\/a>, Decided on 22-08-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment by Justice Vivek Rusia<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Shri Sudeep Bhargava, Counsel for the Appellant<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Shri Anirudh Saxena, Counsel for the Respondent<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Court declared the marriage as null and void on the grounds of mental and physical cruelty as the wife, being a minor, was not ready to perform the marital obligations<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67514,"featured_media":317738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[21102,2570,9671,4031,72888,59472,7201,4021,53086,58069,34293],"class_list":["post-330281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-child-marriage","tag-Cruelty","tag-ground-for-divorce","tag-hindu-marriage-act","tag-justice-binod-kumar-dwivedi","tag-justice-vivek-rusia","tag-madhya-pradesh-high-court","tag-marriage","tag-null-and-void","tag-prohibition-of-child-marriage-act","tag-section-13-of-hindu-marriage-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - 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wife to discontinue her studies is equivalent to destroying her dreams &amp; amounts to Mental Cruelty: MP High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"March 11, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cForcing wife to live with a person who is neither educated nor eager to improve himself certainly amounts to mental cruelty.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Madhya Pradesh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Madhya-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Madhya-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Madhya-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Hearing an appeal against the Family Court's order dismissing the appellant husband's petition for dissolution of marriage on grounds of cruelty, the Court observed that the law pertaining to cruelty is if by resuming cohabitation the spouse claiming victim of cruelty forgives the other spouse who commits\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":255692,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/16\/respondent-cant-seek-declaration-of-petitioners-second-marriage-as-void-as-counter-claim-in-a-divorce-proceeding-relief-cant-be-prayed-qua-third-party-under-section-23a-hma-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":330281,"position":3},"title":"Respondent can&#8217;t seek declaration of petitioner&#8217;s &#8220;second marriage&#8221; in a divorce proceeding; Relief can&#8217;t be prayed qua third party under Section 23A HMA: SC","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"October 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Under the provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act, the relief of divorce, judicial separation etc. can be between the husband and the wife only and cannot extend to the third party.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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of irretrievably broken down marriage spells cruelty to both parties; can be read as a ground for divorce under Hindu Marriage Act","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"May 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court observed that in cases where the marital relationship has broken down irretrievably, where there is a long separation and absence of cohabitation, then continuation of such a \u2018marriage' would only mean giving sanction to cruelty which each is inflicting on the other.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"cruelty as a ground for 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