{"id":326282,"date":"2024-07-10T18:30:22","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T13:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=326282"},"modified":"2024-07-17T13:20:49","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T07:50:49","slug":"bombay-hc-industrial-court-indian-express-transfer-order-mala-fide-personal-bias-unfair-labour-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/07\/10\/bombay-hc-industrial-court-indian-express-transfer-order-mala-fide-personal-bias-unfair-labour-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Bombay HC sets aside Industrial Court\u2019s order staying transfer of Indian Express employee due to lack of mala fides"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Bombay High Court:<\/span> In a writ petition filed by the Indian Express (petitioner), against the order of the Industrial Court, Thane (“Industrial Court”), that stayed the transfer of the respondent, the single-Judge Bench of Sandeep V. Marne, J.*<\/span>, held that the transfer order was not found tainted with mala fides, or personal bias, or in contravention with law. Therefore, the Court set aside the order of the Industrial Court as the respondent’s pleadings did not specify allegations of personal bias or vengeance pleaded in the complaint and the pleadings relating to mala fides were absent.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

The petitioner is a newspaper printing and publishing business with multiple printing presses across the country. The respondent joined the petitioner business as a Trainee Semi-Skilled Baller in 2002, and by 2019, he was promoted to Senior Printer, posted at Navi Mumbai.<\/p>\n

In the light of the Union elections of August 2022, the respondent and other employees had apprehended adverse action of termination and transfer against them and filed a complaint before the Industrial Court, Thane seeking stay on the proposed termination\/transfer. The Industrial Court passed an interim order, restraining the petitioner from terminating the services of the complainants without following due process of law and from implementing transfer orders for seven days. This was challenged in a separate writ petition before the instant Court.<\/p>\n

In November 2022, the respondent was ordered to deputation at Lucknow by the petitioner, against which the respondent again filed another complaint before the Industrial Court, which granted interim stay on the deputation order. The petitioner contested the stay before the High Court, however submitting that the respondent shall return from Lucknow to Navi Mumbai in six months, and in that writ petition, the High Court set aside the stay on deputation. In six months, the respondent returned to Navi Mumbai.<\/p>\n

In April 2024, the respondent was promoted to Supervisor by the petitioner, and ordered their transfer to Aurangabad in exigencies of the petitioner company’s work. The respondent again filed a complaint before the Industrial Court, challenging the promotion\/transfer order, and the Industrial Court temporarily restrained the petitioner from effecting their orders. Aggrieved of this order of this impugned order, the petitioner filed the instant petition.<\/p>\n

Court’s analysis and decision<\/p>\n

The Court found that the contract of employment of the respondent with the petitioner provided for transfer liability throughout India in exigencies of service, and the same had not been disputed by either party. Therefore, the Court noted that the impugned order of transfer was not in contravention of employment terms.<\/p>\n

The petitioner contended that the retirement of one of the employees, and the impending retirement of another at Aurangabad had created a requirement for a Senior Printer\/Supervisor at Aurangabad.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the Court pointed out that there was prima facie existence of exigency for transfer of respondent on promotion as Supervisor at Aurangabad. The Court opined that the only ground to oppose such exigency of service would be to demonstrate that despite the exigency, a particular employee was selected for hostile discrimination on account of existence of a personal bias or mala fide.<\/p>\n

The Court referred to several cases to discuss the law relating to mala fides in employment transfers.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    E.P. Royappa<\/span> v. State of Tamil Nadu<\/span>, (1974) 4 SCC 3<\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court held that the burden of establishing mala fides is very heavy on the person alleging it, as such allegations are more easily made than proven as they demand proof of a higher order of credibility.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Rajendra Roy<\/span> v. Union of India<\/span>, (1993) 1 SCC 148<\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court held that, unless an order of transfer is passed mala fide or in violation of the rules of service and guidelines for transfer, without any proper justification, the Court and the Tribunal should not interfere with such order. In a transferrable post, an order of transfer is a normal consequence, and personal difficulties are matters for consideration of the employer. It is possible to draw reasonable inference of mala fide action from the pleadings and antecedent facts and circumstances, however it cannot be drawn from insinuation and vague suggestions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Rajneesh Khajuria<\/span> v. Wockhardt Ltd.<\/span>, (2020) 3 SCC 86<\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court held that the act of transfer can be unfair labour practice if the transfer is actuated by mala fide. The plea of mala fide includes two questions, namely- whether there was a personal bias or oblique motive, and whether the administrative action was contrary to the objects, requirements and conditions of a valid exercise of administrative power.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The Court in the instant case noted that there was no specific allegations of personal bias or vengeance pleaded in the complaint andpleadings relating to mala fides were absent, and therefore, the Industrial Court should not have interfered with the impugned transfer order by granting a stay on it.<\/p>\n

    The Court opined that the Industrial Court’s finding that the petitioner had issued transfer\/promotion order as per their convenience was totally erroneous and unsustainable.<\/p>\n

    Therefore, the Court held that the impugned order passed by the Industrial Court was indefensible, and hence set it aside.<\/p>\n

    [The Indian Express (P) Ltd. v. Ganesh Gopinath Rane, 2024 SCC OnLine Bom 2040<\/a>, decided on 02-07-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n

    *Judgment authored by: Justice Sandeep V. Marne<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

    For the Petitioner:<\/span> Dr. Abhinav Chandrachud, Amol Joshi, Pranit Kulkarni, Tejasvi Ghag, Poorvi Kamani, Advocates<\/p>\n

    For the Respondent:<\/span> Jane Cox, Ghanshyam R. Thombare, Advocates<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The Court referred to Rajendra Roy v. Union of India, (1993) 1 SCC 148<\/a> wherein it was held that, it is possible to draw reasonable inference of mala fide action from the pleadings and antecedent facts and circumstances, however it cannot be drawn from insinuation and vague suggestions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":314919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2569,33886,58330,37722,48666,70827,5941,70825,70826,3393],"class_list":["post-326282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-exigency","tag-indian-express","tag-industrial-court","tag-mala-fide","tag-personal-bias","tag-service-law","tag-thane","tag-transfer-promotion-order","tag-unfair_labour_practice"],"yoast_head":"\nBombay HC sets aside order staying transfer 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Tahilramani, Acting CJ and M.S. Sonak, J., dismissed a writ petition challenging the judgment of Central Administrative Tribunal wherein the Tribunal declined to interfere with the recommendations for promotion by DPC, Union Public Service Commission. The dispute related to seniority and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":375018,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/02\/07\/bias-in-search-cum-selection-committee-itat-appointment-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":326282,"position":2},"title":"Targeted Vendetta & Institutional Bias vitiate Selection Process; Supreme Court grants relief to Ex-Army Officer; Imposes Rs 5 Lakh Cost","author":"Ritu","date":"February 7, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe rule of law constitutes the foundation of a well-governed society, and the shadow of bias or mala fides in the exercise of power concerning public 33 functions strikes at the very root of a regulated social order.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bias in Search-cum-Selection Committee","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bias-in-Search-cum-Selection-Committee.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bias-in-Search-cum-Selection-Committee.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bias-in-Search-cum-Selection-Committee.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bias-in-Search-cum-Selection-Committee.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":211933,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/03\/13\/madras-hc-periodic-transfer-of-public-servants-is-required-to-avoid-all-sorts-of-familiarity-with-local-public\/","url_meta":{"origin":326282,"position":3},"title":"Madras HC | Periodic transfer of public servants is required to avoid all sorts of familiarity with local public","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 13, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court:\u00a0S.M. Subramanium, J., dismissed a petition filed against the transfer order of passed against the petitioner, an Assistant Executive Engineer. The petitioner was transferred from Madhuranthagam Sub-Division, Kancheepuram District to Krishnagiri Sub-Division, Krishnagiri District. The transfer order was challenged by the petitioner. Ravi Shanmugam, Advocate appearing for the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6727,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/08\/03\/previous-adverse-remarks-of-dishonesty-not-washed-off-by-subsequent-promotion\/","url_meta":{"origin":326282,"position":4},"title":"Previous adverse remarks of dishonesty not \u201cwashed off\u201d by subsequent promotion","author":"Sucheta","date":"August 3, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Rajasthan High Court: While dismissing a petition relating to the promotion of a Grade IV employee, the Court held that the adverse remarks given earlier related to dishonesty and integrity not washed off by subsequent promotion in considering suitability for a post which is based on evaluation of entire record.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "High Courts"","block_context":{"text":"High Courts","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/highcourts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238705,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/06\/p-court-rules\/","url_meta":{"origin":326282,"position":5},"title":"P&H HC | Transfer is an incidence of service and would be open to interference by court only is it is established that transfer order was malafide; Court rules\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0","author":"Editor","date":"November 6, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Punjab and Haryana High Court: While adjudicating a petition for quashing of a transfer order, Jaishree Thakur, J., dismissed the same being devoid of any merit. The instant petition of certiorari has been filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India whereby the petitioner has pleaded for quashing of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=326282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326282\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=326282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=326282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=326282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}