{"id":325349,"date":"2024-06-29T14:30:42","date_gmt":"2024-06-29T09:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=325349"},"modified":"2024-07-03T16:17:20","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T10:47:20","slug":"under-what-circumstances-can-witness-be-recalled-to-be-reexamined-under-section-311-crpc-kerala-hc-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/29\/under-what-circumstances-can-witness-be-recalled-to-be-reexamined-under-section-311-crpc-kerala-hc-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"Under what circumstances can a witness be recalled for reexamination under Section 311 of CrPC? Kerala HC answers"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kerala High Court:<\/span> In a plea filed by the accused challenging the order of the Trial Court allowing a petition under Section 311<\/a> of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> (‘CrPC’) filed by the prosecution for recall and reexamination of witness, A. Badharudeen, J.<\/span>, while dismissing the petition held that Section 311<\/a> CrPC<\/a> empowered the Court to recall and examine any witness so required to meet the ends of justice and the determinative factor should be, whether the summoning\/recalling of the said witness is in fact, essential to the just decision of the case.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

The prosecution has alleged that the accused forcefully hit a three-year-old on the head, resulting in internal bleeding, and ultimately causing his death, thereby committing offences punishable under Sections 302<\/a>, 201<\/a> read with 34<\/a> of IPC<\/a> as well as under Section 75<\/a> of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015<\/a> (‘JJ Act’).<\/p>\n

The allegation against accused 2 herein is that he gave false information about the crime to save accused 1 from facing punishment before the law, thereby committing offences punishable under Sections 118<\/a>, 201<\/a> read with 34<\/a> of IPC<\/a> as well as Section 75<\/a> of the JJ Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n

When the matter was being proceeded with by the Trial Court, after completion of witness examination and marking if exhibits, the prosecution filed three petitions- a petition under Section 311<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> for recalling a witness, application under Section 230<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> for issuance of summons to the doctor, and a petition under Section 91<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> for issuance of summons to the first witness for production of treatment records of the child.<\/p>\n

The accused had filed objections before the Trial Court against these aforementioned petitions, accusing the prosecution of trying to fill up lacunae in the evidence, however, the Trial Court allowed the said petitions holding that the trial had not crossed the stage of prosecution evidence and that it was settled law that a witness could be examined by the Court invoking Section 311 even without his previous statement. Therefore, the accused have filed the present petition challenging the order of the Trial Court.<\/p>\n

The accused contended that the prosecution had filed such petitions before the Court at a belated stage and was trying to fill up lacunae in his evidence.<\/p>\n

The prosecution submitted that the petitions were filed much before the completion of prosecution evidence and that power under Section 311<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> could be exercised by the Court if such an action was necessary to meet the ends of justice. It was further submitted by the prosecution that , in this matter, the specific contention raised by the accused during trial was that the reason for the cause of death of the child was medical negligence and the prosecution wanted to examine the doctors with the support of the entire medical documents including the doctor, who was excluded from the list of witnesses by the prosecution, to prove the truth of the allegations and in such view of the matter no prejudice would be caused as far as the accused were concerned, therefore, the impugned order was perfectly justified and interference thereof was unwarranted.<\/p>\n

Decision and Analysis<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the law regarding the power of the Court was well settled and referred to the decision in Xxxx<\/span> v. State of Kerala<\/span> 2024 (3) KHC 15, wherein it was held that Section 311<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a> imposed a mandatory obligation upon the Court to summon and examine or recall or re-examine any person if his evidence appeared to be essential in the just decision of the case.<\/p>\n

While dealing with the prayers of the accused in the present petition the Court observed that the prosecution wanted to recall and examine a witness and wanted documents to be produced specifically on the ground that the original treatment records of the deceased from the hospital where he was treated, could not be collected during the course of investigation and production and marking of the treatment records of the deceased in evidence before the Court were highly necessary for the just decision of the case.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that additional evidence must not be received as a disguise for a re-trial, or to change the nature of the case against either of the parties, but such power must be exercised, provided that the evidence that is likely to be tendered by a witness, is germane to the issue involved. The Court further noted that the power conferred under Section 311<\/a> CrPC<\/a> must be invoked by the Court only in order to meet the ends of justice, for strong and valid reasons, and the same must be exercised with great caution and circumspection.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that in the present case it was being alleged by the accused that the death of the child was due to medical negligence and the prosecution’s case was that the death was not due to medical negligence and hence wanted to examine and recall the medical practitioner, therefore, it was essential to allow the examination of the said witness to mete out justice between the parties.<\/p>\n

The Court, therefore, upheld the order of the Trial Court and dismissed the petition.<\/p>\n

[Hena Khatoon v. State of Kerala, 2024 SCC OnLine Ker 3166<\/a>, decided on 21-06-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

Advocates for the petitioner:<\/span> Rojo Joseph, A.Sain Paul, P.R.Shibu, P.C.Thomas, P.T.Judy, Navia Sebastian, Advocates<\/p>\n

Advocate for the State:<\/span> Renjit George, Sr Public Prosecutor, State Public Prosecutor, Advocates<\/p>\n

Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Code<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The very use of words such as “any court”, “at any stage”, or “or any enquiry, trial or other proceedings”, “any person” and “any such person” clearly spells out that the provisions of this section have been expressed in the widest possible terms, and do not limit the discretion of the court in any way. There is thus no escape if the fresh evidence to be obtained is essential to the just decision of the case.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":316393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2523,62191,70343,30942],"class_list":["post-325349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-recall-of-witness","tag-reexamination-of-witness","tag-section-311-crpc"],"yoast_head":"\nKerala HC: Under what circumstances can witness be recalled for reexamination under Section 311 of CrPC? | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kerala High Court held Section 311 CrPC empowered the Court to recall and examine any witness so required to meet the ends of justice.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/29\/under-what-circumstances-can-witness-be-recalled-to-be-reexamined-under-section-311-crpc-kerala-hc-answers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Under what circumstances can a witness be recalled for reexamination under Section 311 of CrPC? 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However, such an exercise can be done under Section 311 CrPC at any stage, including that of Section 233, provided all the requirements and parameters of Section 311 are otherwise satisfied.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Kerala High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kerala-High-Court-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kerala-High-Court-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kerala-High-Court-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Kerala-High-Court-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":260790,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/01\/28\/fair-trial-is-the-hallmark-of-criminal-procedure\/","url_meta":{"origin":325349,"position":2},"title":"Fair trial is the hallmark of criminal procedure, it entails not only rights of victims but also interest of accused: Delhi HC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 28, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Manoj Kumar Ohri, J., while discussing the scope of Section 311 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 with regard to recalling and cross-examining the witness expressed that, It is the duty of every Court to ensure that fair and proper opportunities are granted to the accused for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":268987,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/24\/rigour-under-s-335-pocso-act-gets-diluted-once-the-child-attains-majority-kar-hc-allowed-cross-examination-under-s-311-crpc\/","url_meta":{"origin":325349,"position":3},"title":"Rigour under S. 33(5) POCSO Act gets diluted once the child attains majority; Kar HC allowed cross-examination under S. 311 CrPC","author":"Editor","date":"June 24, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: M Nagaprasanna, J. allowed the petition filed seeking further cross examination of the child victim as the victim has now attained 18 years of age and the rigour given under S. 33(5) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (\u2018POCSO Act' ) is not applicable now.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Karnataka High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/New_Karnataka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/New_Karnataka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/New_Karnataka.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/New_Karnataka.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/New_Karnataka.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":205234,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/16\/calling-forensic-expert-as-court-witness-under-section-311-crpc-held-incumbent-on-trial-court-where-veracity-of-cfsl-report-challenged-bom-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":325349,"position":4},"title":"Calling Forensic Expert as court witness under Section 311 CrPC– Held incumbent on trial court where veracity of CFSL report challenged: Bom HC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 16, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: A Single Judge Bench comprising of Mridula Bhatkar, J. allowed a writ petition directed against the order of Special Judge (CBI) whereby he allowed prosecution's application filed under Section 293 CrPC. The prosecution had filed an application under the said Section for exhibiting the CFSL report without\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":273175,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/06\/tripura-high-court-code-of-criminal-procedure-code-of-criminal-procedure-re-summoning-witness-accused-examination-in-chief-irreparable-lacuna-justice-hostile-witness-legal-research-legal\/","url_meta":{"origin":325349,"position":5},"title":"Tripura High Court | Section 311 CrPC cannot be used to fill up the lacuna but re-examination can be done to meet the ends of justice","author":"Editor","date":"September 6, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Tripura High Court: In a case relating to a revision petition filed by the State, challenging the order of the Sessions Judge allowing the petition filed by the accused for re-examination of witnesses under Section 311 Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) at the stage of examination of accused\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Tripura High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/tripura-high-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/tripura-high-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/tripura-high-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/tripura-high-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/tripura-high-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/325349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=325349"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/325349\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/316393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=325349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=325349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=325349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}