{"id":324608,"date":"2024-06-18T13:00:48","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T07:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=324608"},"modified":"2024-06-20T13:08:44","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T07:38:44","slug":"dealing-matters-maintenance-domestic-violence-act-magistrates-should-specify-maintenance-ordered-under-crpc-or-hama-kerala-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/18\/dealing-matters-maintenance-domestic-violence-act-magistrates-should-specify-maintenance-ordered-under-crpc-or-hama-kerala-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"Magistrates should specify whether maintenance is ordered under CrPC or HAMA while dealing with Domestic Violence matters: Kerala HC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Kerala High Court:<\/span> In a revision petition under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">397<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> (&#8216;CrPC&#8217;) filed by petitioner seeking maintenance from father under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Domestic Violence Act, 2005<\/a> (&#8216;D.V. Act&#8217;) and challenging the order of the lower court, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">P.G. Ajithkumar, J.<\/span>, while dismissing the petition said that magistrates dealing with matters of maintenance under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D.V. Act<\/a>, should specify in the order whether maintenance was being ordered under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">125<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> or under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956<\/a> (&#8216;HAMA&#8217;).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Background<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioner, through her mother, filed a petition before the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, claiming maintenance. At that time, she was 14 years old. Exercising powers under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D.V. Act<\/a>, the Magistrate ordered the father of the petitioner, to pay monthly maintenance of Rs.2,000\/-. The father&#8217;s appeal against this order was unsuccessful. The petitioner attained majority on 02-07-2012, but her father continued to pay maintenance until April 2015. Subsequently, he filed an appeal seeking exemption from continued maintenance payments.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The father&#8217;s contentions were twofold: first, that the petitioner&#8217;s attainment of majority should have terminated his liability to pay maintenance, and second, that the petitioner had gone abroad and was earning sufficient income from her employment. The petitioner did not dispute the date of her attaining majority but argued that she was entitled to maintenance as long as she remained unmarried and without income. The Magistrate disagreed and dismissed the petition. The petitioner&#8217;s appeal to the Sessions Court was also dismissed. Therefore, the petitioner has filed the instant revision petition under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">397<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>, challenging these orders.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Issue<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Whether an order directing a Hindu father to pay maintenance to his unmarried daughter under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DV Act<\/a> has the character of an order for maintenance under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">125<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> or maintenance under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAMA<\/a>?<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Decision and Analysis<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that if the order to pay maintenance recognized the right of the petitioner under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">125<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>, the father&#8217;s obligation ceased once the daughter attained majority, provided she did not suffer from any physical or mental abnormality or injury, and conversely, if the order recognized the right under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAMA<\/a>, the obligation continued until the daughter gets married or could support herself. This question had been previously settled.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Vikraman Nair<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Aishwarya<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/7p9gWTUc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2018 SCC OnLine Ker 3492<\/a>, which held that a Hindu father&#8217;s obligation to maintain an unmarried daughter who cannot support herself is personal and legal. The Court further took note of <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Sneh Prabha<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ravinder Kumar<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/9Bz039H3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1995 Supp (3) SCC 440<\/a>, and noted that a father must pay maintenance to a non-earning daughter until her marriage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further noted that both the Trial Court and the Appellate Court had treated the order of maintenance as falling under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAMA<\/a> solely because the parties were Hindus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court said that the character of the maintenance order under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D.V. Act<\/a> affects its enforceability, and that if the order is under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAMA<\/a>, the father&#8217;s liability continues until the daughter marries or becomes self-reliant and the father must prove either of these facts to be relieved from the obligation to pay maintenance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court did not agree with the lower Courts&#8217; order directing the father to pay maintenance under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAMA<\/a>. The Court noted that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D.V. Act<\/a> states that maintenance for the aggrieved person and her children can be ordered, including under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">125<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> or any other applicable law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court said that the assumption that the maintenance order was under HAMA because the parties were Hindus was incorrect, as Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">125<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> applied to all. Therefore, the order to pay maintenance could not be assumed to be under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAMA<\/a>. Further, the Magistrate did not specify which right of the petitioner the maintenance order recognized.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court decided that it was not appropriate to interfere with the impugned orders at such a later stage due to the lack of specificity in the order, which was passed under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D.V. Act<\/a>. The Court said that Magistrates handling maintenance claims under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001560347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002829238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D.V. Act<\/a> should specify in their orders whether the maintenance is under Section 125 of the Code or Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001573314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(3)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HAMA<\/a>. The petition was thereby dismissed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Shilpa v. K.K. Rajeevan, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/78RIgaH0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine Ker 2913<\/a>, decided on 14-06-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Advocates for the Petitioner:<\/span> Subal J. Paul, Sheeba Thomas, Advocates<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Advocates for the Respondent:<\/span> Pushpalatha M.K., Sr. Public Prosecutor, Amrin Fathima, Stefin Thomas, Kavya P.R., Anjana Sanjay, Advocates<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Code of Criminal Procedure\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;For the reason that the parties are Hindus, one cannot assume that the order of maintenance is in recognition of the right under HAMA, for, Section 125 CrPC is secular and applicable to all.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":316393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[11941,6871,60483,42976,2523,2863],"class_list":["post-324608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-crpc","tag-domestic-violence-act","tag-hama","tag-hindu-adoption-and-maintenance-act","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-maintenance"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>While dealing matters maintenance Domestic Violence Act, Magistrates should specify maintenance ordered under CrPC or HAMA: Kerala HC|SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kerala High Court said that magistrates dealing 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In the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/DelMain.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/DelMain.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/DelMain.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/DelMain.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/DelMain.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":165054,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/10\/25\/maintenance-domestic-violence-act-paid-addition-not-substitution-maintenance-awarded-s-125-cr-pc\/","url_meta":{"origin":324608,"position":3},"title":"Maintenance under Domestic Violence Act to be paid in addition to and not in substitution of maintenance awarded under S. 125 Cr PC","author":"Saba","date":"October 25, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: A Single Judge Bench comprising of Dr. Shalini Phansalkar-Joshi, J. heard a case involving counter-petitions filed by both the parties to the matrimonial proceedings. The issue before the Court was \u201cwhether the order of maintenance passed in the proceedings filed under Section 125 of CrPC is to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":352674,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/07\/inherent-powers-dv-act-interim-order-kerala-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":324608,"position":4},"title":"No Scope for inherent powers to interfere with interim orders passed under DV Act without manifest illegality: Kerala High Court","author":"Apoorva","date":"July 7, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cAs far as the present case is concerned, the interim order passed by the Magistrate cannot be said to be gross illegality or irregularity. The petitioner could very well approach the same court seeking order, modifying or vacating the aforesaid order if there are sufficient reasons. That apart, appeal is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"inherent powers DV Act","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/inherent-powers-DV-Act.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/inherent-powers-DV-Act.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/inherent-powers-DV-Act.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/inherent-powers-DV-Act.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":213651,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/04\/18\/del-hc-wife-can-claim-monetary-relief-under-s-20-of-domestic-violence-act-in-addition-to-maintenance-under-s-125-crpc-trial-court-order-holding-contrary-set-aside\/","url_meta":{"origin":324608,"position":5},"title":"Del HC | Wife can claim monetary relief under S. 20 of Domestic Violence Act in addition to maintenance under S. 125 CrPC; trial court order holding contrary set aside","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 18, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0Sanjeev Sachdeva, J., reiterated that proceedings under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 and under Section 125 CrPC are independent of each other and have different scope. The parties, though married, were living separately. 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