{"id":323748,"date":"2024-06-06T15:30:34","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T10:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=323748"},"modified":"2024-06-11T12:25:56","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T06:55:56","slug":"madras-high-court-allows-organ-donation-between-non-relatives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/06\/madras-high-court-allows-organ-donation-between-non-relatives\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Love and affection are intangible sentiments\u2019 Madras HC allows organ donation for transplantation, between un-related individuals"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Madras High Court:<\/span> While hearing writ petitions, seeking writ of mandamus to direct the hospital to pass orders for kidney transplantation, G. R. Swaminathan, J. has held that individuals willing to donate organs despite being “unrelated relative”, out of feelings of love and affection towards the recipient, should not be constrained. In absence of any aspect of commercial dealing or any other financial motive, the Authorizing Committee may authorise such applications and decide them on merits.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

The first petitioners were admitted for renal failure in the hospital. Kidney transplantation being the only solution, the second petitioners came forward to donate their kidneys in favour of the corresponding first petitioners. However, the donors not being “near relatives” of the recipients, were required to take approval from the Authorisation Committee. The hospital, due to the complexities involved in undertaking donation for organ transplantation between unrelated relatives, was hesitant to forward the request for approval from the committee. The Court, noting the issues raised in the petitions to be identical in nature, merged them together for a common hearing.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision<\/p>\n

The Court perused Sections 2(f), (i) and (m)<\/a> and Section 9(3)<\/a> of the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994<\/a>, and noted that the application for approval has to be jointly signed and submitted by the prospective donor and recipient directly before the Authorisation Committee.<\/p>\n

The Court also noted that, as per Rule 5 of the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissue Rules, 2014, the register medical practitioner shall, before removing any human organ or tissue from a living donor, satisfy himself on the following aspects:<\/p>\n

(i) the donor has been explained of all possible side effects, hazards and complications.<\/p>\n

(ii) The donor has given his authorisation in the relevant Form.<\/p>\n

(iii) The physical and mental evaluation of the donor has been done; he or she is in proper state of health; he or she is not mentally challenged and is fit to donate the organ or tissue.<\/p>\n

The Court said that the expression “informed consent” occurring in Form — 4 only means that the doctor has warned the donor about the consequences flowing out of his act of donation and is satisfied regarding the aforesaid aspects, and it cannot extend to anything beyond.<\/p>\n

The Court said that the Authorisation Committees shall not insist that the application must be received from the hospital. The hospital cannot be treated as the proper channel for the purpose of submission of the application.<\/p>\n

After perusing Form — 18 Certificate issued by the Authorisation Committee, the Court noted that permission will be granted, if the donation is out of love and affection and there is no financial transaction between recipient and donor and there is no pressure on the donor.<\/p>\n

With respect to the enquiry that is to be made about the donor not being a “near relative” of the recipient, the court laid emphasis on Rule 7(3) which sets out the procedure of such an inquiry.<\/p>\n

The Court took note of Sonia Ajit Vayklip<\/span> v. Hospital Committee, Lilavati Hospital<\/span>, 2012 SCC OnLine Bom 64<\/a>, wherein it was held where the donor and the recipient are shown to be near relatives and the case does not fall under any of the three exceptions set out in Section 9(4) of the Act, the Authorisation Committee has no power to make further enquiry about the motive of donation because in such cases there would be no commercial element.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that Section 9(3) of the Act envisages donation by reason of affection or attachment towards the recipient or for any other special reasons, and said that the burden would be on the applicant to establish the existence of special reasons. But where the applicants do not plead or project special reasons, the position will be different.<\/p>\n

The Court said that in case of doubt, explanation can be sought from the applicants and there can also be verification done through the officials of the Government. Too much of burden cannot be laid on the shoulders of the applicants. Unless there is definite material to establish that there are financial dealings involving the parties, permission ought not to be withheld or rejected.<\/p>\n

The Court suggested that the Government must come out with definite guidelines, otherwise, the issue will be left to the arbitrary discretion of the Authorisation Committee.<\/p>\n

The Court further noted that parliament never intended to rule out donation by non-near relatives. Thus, it said that the parliamentary intent should not be frustrated by adopting a rigid approach, and one should not take a cynical view that a non-near relative will not donate out of altruistic considerations.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court held that the statement by a donor that he \/ she is making the donation out of love and affection for the recipient must be taken at its face value, subject to there being no evidence that money or money’s worth has changed hands.<\/p>\n

The Court further said that it is the duty of the recipient to take care of the post operative requirements of the donor, as there is no bar in the Act for the recipient to cater to the post operative needs of the donor.<\/p>\n

The Court thus, permitted petitioners to submit applications in Form —11 directly before the Authorisation Committee. Further, it directed the Authorisation Committee to scrutinize the applications within a period of four weeks from the date of submission of the applications.<\/p>\n

[Sudha Mathesan v. K. G. Hospital, 2024 SCC OnLine Mad 1633<\/a>, decided on 30-05-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the Petitioners:<\/span> Advocate. M. Manivasagam,For the Respondents: Govt. Advocate K. Tippu Sulthan, Advocate Elizabeth Seshadri<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Though the Act does not ban donation of kidney in favour of a person who is not a near relative and the only restriction is that transplantation can be done only after prior approval by the State Authorisation Committee, yet the transplant surgeons are hesitant to carry out kidney transplants between unrelated persons.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":314802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[29214,47824,51910,2567,17901,69511,58583],"class_list":["post-323748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-health-insurance","tag-kidney-transplant","tag-love-and-affection","tag-Madras_High_Court","tag-organ-donation","tag-organ-donation-between-non-relatives","tag-organ-transplantation"],"yoast_head":"\nMadras High 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Whether the families are interacting even now physically, is no ground to disbelieve the element of altruism.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"kidney donation to husband's friend","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/kidney-donation-to-husbands-friend.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/kidney-donation-to-husbands-friend.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/kidney-donation-to-husbands-friend.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/kidney-donation-to-husbands-friend.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":257250,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/11\/18\/ker-hc-swap-kidney-transplantation-between-non-relatives-hc-removes-legal-hurdles\/","url_meta":{"origin":323748,"position":2},"title":"Ker HC | Swap Kidney Transplantation between non-relatives; HC removes legal hurdles","author":"Editor","date":"November 18, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: N. Nagaresh, J., allowed swap kidney transplant between non-relatives. Opining that any law prescribing procedure for organ transplantation should satisfy the test of reasonableness, the Bench remarked, \u201cWhen Section 9(3) permits transplant of organs to persons not being a near relative, with the prior approval of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":284705,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/02\/21\/strict-timelines-under-transplantation-of-human-organs-act-1994-not-being-adhered-to-in-taking-decisions-of-organ-transplant-delhi-high-court-directs-appearance-of-hospital-failing-which-costs-will-be\/","url_meta":{"origin":323748,"position":3},"title":"Delhi High Court directs appearance of Hospital for not adhering to strict timelines under Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994","author":"Editor","date":"February 21, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Strict timelines prescribed under the Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994, were not being adhered to in taking decisions of organ transplant, therefore, the Delhi High Court directed appearance of hospital on the next date of hearing, failing which costs would be imposed.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-472.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-472.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-472.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-472.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":268292,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/13\/del-hc-right-to-organ-donation-is-personal-and-inalienable-spousal-consent-is-ultra-vires-the-provisions-of-transplantation-of-human-organs-and-tissues-act-1994\/","url_meta":{"origin":323748,"position":4},"title":"Del HC | Right to organ donation is personal and inalienable; Spousal consent is ultra vires the provisions of Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994","author":"Editor","date":"June 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Yashwant Verma, J. disposed of the petition with a direction to the respondent hospital to process the application and request as made by the petitioner in accordance with law.\u00a0 \u00a0 Factual Background:\u00a0 The facts of the case were that the petitioner wished to donate her kidney to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Delhi-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Delhi-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Delhi-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Delhi-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Delhi-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":253660,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/04\/kidney-donation\/","url_meta":{"origin":323748,"position":5},"title":"Ker | What sort of reasoning is this? HC slams Authorization Committee for rejecting Kidney donation application because the donor has criminal antecedents\u00a0","author":"Editor","date":"September 4, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: P.V.Kunhikrishnan, J., criticized the decision of the District Level Authorization Committee for transplantation of Human Organs, wherein application of a person who came forward to donate his kidney to a needy patient was rejected because of his criminal antecedents. The Bench expressed, \u00a0\u201cIf this stand of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=323748"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323748\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=323748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=323748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=323748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}