{"id":323645,"date":"2024-06-05T17:00:15","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T11:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=323645"},"modified":"2024-06-07T12:11:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T06:41:00","slug":"will-personal-right-of-action-survive-transfer-legal-heir-upon-original-plaintiffs-death-dhc-answers-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/05\/will-personal-right-of-action-survive-transfer-legal-heir-upon-original-plaintiffs-death-dhc-answers-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Will personal right of action survive by transfer to legal heir upon original plaintiff\u2019s death? Delhi HC answers"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Delhi High Court:<\/span> In a civil revision petition challenging the order of the Trial Court, that had allowed an application under Order XXII Rule 3<\/a> of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<\/a> (‘CPC’) for permitting the respondent to be impleaded as the plaintiff in place of his deceased father, Dharmesh Sharma, J.<\/span>, held that personal right of action extinguished upon death of plaintiff and is not heritable or transferable.<\/p>\n

BACKGROUND<\/p>\n

The respondent’s father, Reverend John H. Caleb, was initially appointed to the Green Park Free Church by the petitioner on 12-05-1997, to serve as its priest. As part of his appointment, he was granted accommodation in the Church Parsonage at the Green Park Free Church. Although he officially retired from his services with the petitioner in March 2001, this retirement was marked by the letter dated 21-10-2000. Nonetheless, his services were extended on an ad-hoc basis from 2001 to 2005, allowing him to continue residing in the suit premises during this period.<\/p>\n

On 16-11-2007, respondent’s father was reappointed as the Resident Pastor, and he remained in the suit premises until 14-05-2018, on which date, he received communication that his services were no longer required and that a new Presbyter-in-Charge had been appointed to replace him. Shortly after, on 18-06-2018, the Bishop of the Diocese of Delhi-CNI, requested respondent’s father to vacate the premises. Despite his request for alternate accommodation, this request was denied, and he was asked to vacate by January 2019.<\/p>\n

Respondent’s father initiated legal action on 27-10-2018. He filed a suit seeking a permanent injunction to prevent his forceful eviction from the church premises. In addition to the injunction, he sought a declaration asserting that the Green Park Free Church should be recognized as an independent entity, free from the control of the Diocese of Delhi-CNI.<\/p>\n

The petitioner responded to the suit by denying his allegations. They asserted that his status was that of a licensee whose right to occupy the premises ended on 05-11-2018, making his continued occupation unauthorized and illegal. They further contended that the civil court did not have the jurisdiction to declare the church independent from the Diocese’s control.<\/p>\n

As the suit was progressing, respondent’s father’s health began to decline, prompting his son, the respondent, to file an application under Order I Rule 10<\/a> of the CPC<\/a>. The application sought to implead the respondent as the plaintiff due to his father’s ill health. Subsequently, after his father’s death on 30-08-2021, the respondent filed another application under Order XXII Rule 3<\/a> of CPC<\/a>, seeking to be substituted as the plaintiff in place of his deceased father. This substitution was contested by the petitioner, who argued that the suit had abated with the respondent’s father’s death, as the action was personal and did not survive him. The Trial Court allowed the substitution, stating that the respondent, being in possession of the suit property, had a right against forcible dispossession without due process of law. The petitioners thereafter filed the instant suit challenging the order of the Trial Court.<\/p>\n

However, the petitioner contended that the license to occupy the suit premises was contingent upon respondent’s father’s position as the Resident Pastor, which expired with his service termination and subsequent death. They further argued that legal principles and precedents establish that personal actions, including those seeking injunctions based on personal rights, do not survive the plaintiff’s death.<\/p>\n

ANALYSIS AND DECISION<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the primary issue was whether the right to sue survived the deceased plaintiff. The Court referred to Order XXII Rule 3<\/a> of the CPC<\/a> and noted that a legal representative can continue a suit if the right to sue survives. However, this principle is inapplicable for purely personal actions that do not extend beyond the individual’s life.<\/p>\n

The Court also referred to Puran Singh<\/span> v. State of Punjab<\/span>, (1996) 2 SCC 205<\/a>, wherein it was held that suits involving personal injunctions do not survive the plaintiff’s death as they are intrinsically linked to the personal status or position of the individual.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that the original plaintiff’s right to the suit premises was personal, linked to his role as Resident Pastor and his death terminated this right, and thus, it could not be transferred to his son, the respondent. The respondent, not being a successor in the specific role but merely a legal heir, had no independent cause of action to pursue the same reliefs.<\/p>\n

The Court referred State of U.P.<\/span> v. Maharaja Dharmander Prasad Singh<\/span>, (1989) 2 SCC 505<\/a> and noted that protection of possession applies to lawful tenants or occupiers pending legal proceedings. In this case, the right was personal to the deceased and did not extend to his legal heirs.<\/p>\n

The Court said “..the son of the deceased has neither any right nor entitled to become religious priest of the church and he cannot challenge the authority of the petitioner\/defendant no. 1&2 to manage the affairs of the Church. Merely, because he had been performing services at the Church for long did not create any vested right in him to continue to perform such services either<\/span>.”<\/p>\n

The Court, therefore, allowed the revision petition, setting aside the Trial Court’s order as being patently illegal and further declared that the suit stood abated with the death of respondent’s father, as the cause of action was personal and did not survive to his legal heirs.<\/p>\n

[Diocese Of Delhi-CNI v. Deepak Martin, 2024 SCC OnLine Del 3696<\/a>, decided on 21-05-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

Advocates for the petitioner:<\/span> Veronica Francis, Arun Francis, George Francis<\/p>\n

Advocates for the respondent:<\/span> Raghav Awasthi, Mukesh Sharma<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The nature of infringement of his legal rights, if any, which were claimed by the deceased\/plaintiff, were personal to him and certainly not heritable”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":314886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[27414,2543,69487,3729,69488,69486,31336],"class_list":["post-323645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-cpc","tag-Delhi_High_Court","tag-heritable","tag-legal_heir","tag-order-xxii-rule-3","tag-personal-right-of-action","tag-right-to-sue"],"yoast_head":"\nWill personal right of action survive by transfer to legal heir upon original plaintiff\u2019s death? 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Beri was specifically against Deepak Beri and his family members. Deepak Beri has contested the suit by filing a written statement controverting the averments made to the plaint and seeking dismissal of the present suit.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-418.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":108401,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/02\/21\/section-50-cpc-permits-the-execution-of-decree-of-permanent-injunction-against-the-legal-heirs-of-judgment-debtor\/","url_meta":{"origin":323645,"position":1},"title":"Section 50 CPC permits the execution of decree of permanent injunction against the legal heirs of judgment debtor","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"February 21, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: In the matter relating to the executability of decree for permanent injunction against the legal representatives of judgment-debtor, the Bench of Arun Mishra and Amitava Roy, JJ said that normally personal action dies with person but this principle has application to limited kinds of causes of actions and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":296698,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/13\/delhi-hc-refuses-to-stay-nyay-the-justice-movie-based-on-sushant-singh-rajput-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":323645,"position":2},"title":"\u2018Privacy, publicity and personality rights not heritable\u2019; Delhi High Court refuses to stay \u201cNyay : The Justice\u201d movie based on Sushant Singh Rajput","author":"Simranjeet","date":"July 13, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe rights ventilated in the plaint, that is, the right to privacy, the right to publicity and the personality rights which vested in Sushant Singh Rajput, were not heritable. They died with his death. The said rights, therefore, did not survive for espousal by the plaintiff.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":298526,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/04\/bombay-hc-right-to-sue-does-not-survive-married-daughter-enhancement-maintenance-deceased\/","url_meta":{"origin":323645,"position":3},"title":"Bombay High Court | No \u2018right to sue survives\u2019 to the married daughter to claim for enhancement of maintenance in respect of deceased mother","author":"Arunima","date":"August 4, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The phraseology \u201cright to sue survive\u201d used under Order 22 Rule 1 means right to seek relief. The general rule is that cause of action whatsoever existing in favour or against a person at the time of his death survives to or against his legal representatives.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"bombay high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":345785,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/04\/15\/order-12-rule6-cpc-provisions-enabling-discretionary-sc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":323645,"position":4},"title":"Provisions of Order XII Rule 6 of CPC are enabling, discretionary and permissive: Supreme Court","author":"Sucheta","date":"April 15, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court also affirmed interpretation of Rule 6 by Delhi High Court in ITDC Limited v. Chander Pal Sood, wherein the High Court had held that Rule 6 gives a wide discretion to the Court.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Order XII Rule 6 CPC","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Order-XII-Rule-6-CPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Order-XII-Rule-6-CPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Order-XII-Rule-6-CPC.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Order-XII-Rule-6-CPC.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":216297,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/01\/sl-sc-appeal-is-not-fresh-suit-but-continuation-of-original-proceeding-right-to-sue-held-to-survive-in-heir-in-suit-for-malicious-prosecution\/","url_meta":{"origin":323645,"position":5},"title":"SL SC | Appeal is not fresh suit but continuation of original proceeding; Right to sue held to survive in heir in suit for malicious prosecution","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 1, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: An Application for leave to appeal under and in terms of Article 127 and 128 of the Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka read with Section 5(c) of the High Court of Provinces (Special Provision) Act, 2006\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=323645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323645\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=323645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=323645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=323645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}