{"id":322906,"date":"2024-05-25T12:00:27","date_gmt":"2024-05-25T06:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=322906"},"modified":"2024-05-25T12:58:04","modified_gmt":"2024-05-25T07:28:04","slug":"supreme-court-judge-justice-abhay-s-oka-know-thy-judge-scc-blog-legal-research-news-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/25\/supreme-court-judge-justice-abhay-s-oka-know-thy-judge-scc-blog-legal-research-news-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Know Thy Judge | Supreme Court of India: Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.animate-charcter{background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107a 29%, #ff1361 67%, #fff800 100%); background-size: 200% auto; -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; animation: textclip 5s linear infinite;}\n@keyframes textclip {to {background-position: 200% center;}}\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The reasons for a dispute between husband and wife are always very complex. Every matrimonial dispute is different from another. Whether a case of desertion is established or not will depend on the peculiar facts of each case. It is a matter of drawing an inference based on the facts brought on record by way of evidence<\/span>.&#8221;<a id=\"fnref1\" href=\"#fn1\" title=\"1. Debananda Tamuli v. Kakumoni Kataky, (2022) 5 SCC 459.\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-align: right; font-weight: bold;\">&#8211; Justice Abhay S. Oka<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the realm of Indian judiciary, Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka stands as a distinguished figure, known for his profound legal acumen, unwavering commitment to justice, and relentless pursuit of upholding the rule of law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">Early Life and Education<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 2%;\">Born on 25-05-1960, Justice Abhay S. Oka hails from a family with legal background as his father, Shreeniwas W. Oka was a renowned lawyer.\\<a id=\"fnref2\" href=\"#fn2\" title=\"2. Hon'ble Mr. Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka, High Court of Karnataka\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> Justice Oka did his bachelor&#8217;s in science (BSc) from Mumbai University and decided to become an engineer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt;\">*<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #ff0000;\">Did You Know?<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">Justice AS Oka at one point decided to become an engineer but gave up the idea midway and decided to join the legal fraternity instead.<a id=\"fnref3\" href=\"#fn3\" title=\"3. Who is Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka recommended for elevation to Supreme Court?, India Today\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">As a Lawyer<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Justice Oka enrolled as an advocate on 28-06-1983 and started practising in Thane District Court in the chamber of his father.<a id=\"fnref4\" href=\"#fn4\" title=\"4. Hon'ble Mr. Justice Abhay.S. Oka, Supreme Court of India\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> He practised for 19 years in the High Court, Appellate Side, Bombay in Civil, Constitutional and Service matters and specialised in all the matters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt;\">*<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #ff0000;\">Did You Know?<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">In 1985-86, Justice Oka joined the chamber of V. P. Tipnis, a former Judge of the Bombay High Court and former Lokayukta.<a id=\"fnref5\" href=\"#fn5\" title=\"5. Hon'ble Mr. Justice Abhay.S. Oka, Supreme Court of India\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">Judgeship<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On 29-08-2003, he was appointed as an Additional Judge of the High Court of Bombay and became a Permanent Judge in High Court of Bombay on 12-11-2005. He was appointed as the Chief Justice of the High Court of Karnataka in 2019, before being elevated as a Supreme Court Judge in 2021.<a id=\"fnref6\" href=\"#fn6\" title=\"6. Hon'ble Mr. Justice Abhay.S. Oka, Supreme Court of India\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">During his tenure as a High Court Judge, he passed many orders on environmental protection and for better living conditions in Bangalore and Bombay. He is known for his orders on civil liberties. During the Covid-19 pandemic, he passed several orders protecting the rights of migrant workers and questioned the handling of the government.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">Justice Oka and PIL<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt;\">*<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #ff0000;\">Did You Know?<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">During the tenure of Justice A.S. Oka as the Chief Justice of the High Court of Karnataka, the High Court of Karnataka become a constitutional shield for the protection of the rights of many marginalised communities including slum dwellers, sweepers, prisoners and transgender persons.<a id=\"fnref7\" href=\"#fn7\" title=\"7. Justice A.S. Oka: the judge known for taking suffering seriously, The Leaflet\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Justice Oka took the Public Interest Litigation&#8217;s version of locus standi seriously and used it in facilitative role as opposed to a &#8220;command-and-control&#8221; position.<a id=\"fnref8\" href=\"#fn8\" title=\"8. Justice A.S. Oka: the judge known for taking suffering seriously, The Leaflet\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a> His conviction to uphold justice, harbingering social change and preserving administrative accountability can be reflected through his judgments like &#8212; right to protest and requirements of Section 144 of CrPC, Rights of the urban poor: illegal evictions, Right to shelter: upholding the state&#8217;s obligation to provide shelter to the homeless under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a> and ordering the setting up requisite night shelters for the homeless across urban areas in the State, right of prisoners, Secularism, inviolable right to legal representation, combating atrocities against Scheduled Castes &amp; Tribes, implementation of prohibition on manual scavenging and judicial intervention in the COVID-19 crisis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">On Technology and Courts<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Justice Oka while delivering a lecture on <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8216;The Role of Technology in courts: Accessible justice, timely justice&#8217;<\/span> at the High Court of Bombay, recommended all high courts to start using technology to rule out manual intervention and automate the listing of new cases. According to him, technology will help in bringing transparency in Constitutional Courts and their way of working.<a id=\"fnref9\" href=\"#fn9\" title=\"9. High Courts Should Use Technology For Automated Listing Of Cases; Avoid Manual Intervention: Justice AS Oka, Legal Vidhya\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">On Importance of District Court<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Justice Oka believes that if one must succeed in the high courts or the Supreme Court, they must spend a few years as a lawyer in trial courts. He himself has credited his success to his time in the trial courts.<a id=\"fnref10\" href=\"#fn10\" title=\"10. Who is Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka recommended for elevation to Supreme Court?, India Today\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a> Justice Oka said that District and taluka courts play an important role in providing justice to common people therefore they are the core of the judicial system and should not be looked upon as &#8220;secondary courts&#8221;.<a id=\"fnref11\" href=\"#fn11\" title=\"11. District courts are not &#8216;secondary&#8217;, they are core of judicial system: Justice Oka, The Hindu\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">Important Judgments<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Justice Oka is known for his deep knowledge of the law, impartiality, and dedication in upholding the principles of justice and his tenure as the Chief Justice of High Court of Karnataka has been a living proof for exercising a delicate balance in the PIL jurisdiction, even as concurrently making sure protection from fundamental right violations of the maximum vulnerable. Some of his prominent Supreme Court and High Courts judgements are discussed below.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">Supreme Court<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Global Credit Capital Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Sach Markerting (P) Ltd.<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/bvs1M6dX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 649<\/a><\/span>, a batch of civil appeals against separate judgments and orders of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT), the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Pankaj Mithal, JJ., dealt with the question that, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/01\/debt-financial-debt-and-operational-debt-under-ibc-supreme-court-clarifies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when a debt is considered as financial debt and operational debt<\/a> under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016<\/a> (IBC). The Bench said that the test to determine whether a debt is a financial debt within the meaning of Section 5(8) is the existence of a debt along with interest, if any, which is disbursed against the consideration for the time value of money.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Rakesh Ranjan Shrivastava<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Jharkhand<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/KUT0F9bc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 309<\/a><\/span>, a criminal appeal against Jharkhand High Court&#8217;s order dismissing the challenge to the Trial Court and Sessions Court&#8217;s decision for payment of interim compensation of Rs. 10,00,000\/- to the respondent under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002899816\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">143-A<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881<\/a> (N.I. Act), the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Ujjal Bhuyan, JJ., set aside the impugned judgments for non-application of mind. The Court laid down several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/04\/01\/factors-laid-by-sc-for-discretion-on-payment-of-interim-compensation-u-143-a-legal-news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">factors which must be considered by the Courts while exercising discretionary power under Section 143-A of the N.I. Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Noble M. Paikada<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/Mn1qx5m7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 369<\/a><\/span>, appeals challenging judgment and order passed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) on 28-10-2020 and order dated 24-12-2020 by NGT rejecting review petition, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Sanjay Karol, JJ. found item 6 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/26\/supreme-court-strikes-blanket-exemption-under-ep-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 (EP Rules) granting blanket exemption to the Central Government for obtaining environmental clearance<\/a>. The Court struck down item 6 of the substituted Appendix-IX forming part of the impugned notification dated 28-03-2020 and item 6 of amended impugned notification dated 30-08-2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Sailendrabhai Damodarbhai Shah<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Gujarat<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/Er5IR2y8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 285<\/a><\/span>, a criminal appeal against Gujarat High Court&#8217;s decision, wherein the State&#8217;s appeal against the order of the Trial Court acquitting the accused of the charges under Section 7 read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">16<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002948138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954<\/a> was allowed, setting aside the Trial Court&#8217;s order and the matter was remanded for trial de novo, the Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka and Ujjal Bhuyan, JJ. allowed the appeal and set aside the High Court&#8217;s order. Further, the Court said that the burden of proof cannot be put on the accused to prove that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/15\/misbranding-of-zero-calorie-sweetener-sc-sets-aside-gujarat-hc-order-for-trial-de-novo-legal-news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they were not manufacturing table top sweeteners<\/a> as the State&#8217;s case was not that the accused were manufacturing table top sweeteners.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Javed Ahmad Hajam<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Maharashtra<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/v1De3jJ6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 249<\/a><\/span>, a criminal appeal filed against the Bombay High Court&#8217;s order, wherein the Court refused to quash the FIR against the accused for the offence punishable under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">153-A<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (&#8216;IPC&#8217;), the division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Ujjal Bhuyan, JJ., while setting aside the impugned judgment and quashing the FIR, said that if every criticism or protest of the actions of the State, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/08\/criticising-abrogation-art-370-whatsapp-status-wishing-independence-day-pakistan-not-offence-under-section-153-a-ipc-sc-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticising abrogation of Art. 370 on whatsapp status or wishing Independence Day to Pakistan<\/a>, is to be held as an offence under Section 153-A, democracy, which is an essential feature of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a>, will not survive. The right to dissent in a legitimate and lawful manner is an integral part of the rights guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">High Court Bar Association, Allahabad<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of U.P.<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/yd5FtP80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 207<\/a><\/span>, a Constitution Bench comprising of Dr. DY Chandrachud, CJI along with <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JB Pardiwala, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Pankaj Mithal**<\/span> and Manoj Misra, JJ., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/02\/29\/no-automatic-vacation-stay-orders-6-months-supreme-court-reverses-asian-resurfacing-judgment-2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversed its own 2018 ruling of a 3-Judge Bench<\/a> and held that Constitutional Courts should not fix a timeline for disposal of cases pending in any court while exercising powers under Article 142. The Court further justified the stance that pattern of cases pending in various courts including High Courts is different. Abhay S. Oka, J., held that constitutional Courts should not normally fix a time-bound schedule for disposal of cases pending in any Court, since the situation at the grassroots level is better known to the judges of the Courts concerned.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;To avoid any prejudice to the opposite parties, while granting ex-parte ad-interim relief without hearing the affected parties, the High Courts should normally grant ad-interim relief for a limited duration&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Adivasis for Social and Human Rights Action<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/TJlMLu8t\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 601<\/a><\/span>, a division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S Oka*<\/span> and Rajesh Bindal, JJ., was called upon to decide an interesting and important question of law revolving around the rights of non-tribals residing in the Scheduled Areas, the Court has held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/05\/17\/supreme-court-non-tribals-can-settle-down-and-vote-in-scheduled-areas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Non-Tribals can settle down and vote in Scheduled Areas<\/a>. The matter specifically pertained to Sundargarh District in Odisha, that was declared as a Scheduled Area on 31.12.1977.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">First Global Stockbroking (P) Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Anil Rishiraj<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/627Bp27k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 1199<\/a><\/span>, an appeal against the judgment passed by the Bombay High Court, wherein the Court has dismissed an application filed by the appellants under Section 482 of the CrPC, the division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Sanjay Karol, JJ., has held that an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/09\/30\/enforcement-officer-can-file-complaint-repealed-provisions-fera-sunset-period-after-fema-supreme-court\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enforcement Officer can file a complaint under repealed provisions of Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) during the sunset period of 2 years, after enforcement of Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Javed Shaukat Ali Qureshi<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Gujarat<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/1ox45D2C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 1155<\/a><\/span>, an appeal filed by a convict against the judgment passed by the Gujarat High Court, wherein the Court convicted some of the accused, while acquitting others in a case, the division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Sanjay Karol, JJ. has acquitted the convict by setting aside the judgment of the Trial Court and the impugned judgment of the High Court. Further, it acquitted other 3 convicts, by suo motu exercising its powers under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574865\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">136<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a> and extended the benefit of parity to these convicts who did not challenge the judgment of the High Court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;The Criminal Court should decide like cases alike, and in such cases, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/09\/20\/court-cannot-convict-accused-acquit-other-when-similar-evidence-against-them-supreme-court\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court cannot make a distinction between the two accused<\/a>, which will amount to discrimination&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Pradeep<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Haryana<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/ga7yl4S4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 777<\/a><\/span>, a Criminal Appeal challenging the judgment and order passed by Punjab and Haryana High Court on 12-01-2009 dismissing appeal by against conviction order passed by the Trial Court for offences punishable under Sections 302, 449 and 324 read with Section 34 of IPC, the Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka* and Rajesh Bindal, JJ. set aside both the judgments of Trial and High Court and acquitted the appellant while holding the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/12\/supreme-court-judgment-section-118-evidence-act-child-witness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conviction solely based on the testimony of child witness which did not inspire confidence to be unsafe<\/a>. The Court opined that the possibility of child witness being tutored could not be ruled out, since there was no support or corroboration to his testimony apart from other deficiencies in the prosecution case.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Pavana Dibbur<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Directorate of Enforcement<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/4ieR3VUD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 1586<\/a><\/span>, a criminal appeal against the Karnataka High Court&#8217;s judgment, whereby the accused person&#8217;s application under Section 482 of the CrPC for quashing the complaint filed by Directorate of Enforcement (ED) under the second proviso to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001534467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">45(1)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002801311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002<\/a> (PMLA), the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Pankaj Mithal, JJ., held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/11\/30\/conspiracy-to-be-scheduled-offence-if-alleged-conspiracy-is-to-commit-an-already-scheduled-crime-sc-legal-news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an accused in the PMLA case who comes into picture after the scheduled offence is committed by assisting in the concealment or use of proceeds of crime need not be an accused in the scheduled offence<\/a> and such an accused can still be prosecuted under PMLA so long as scheduled offence exists.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Raj Kumar<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State (NCT of Delhi)<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/rN01DJ1p\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 609<\/a><\/span>, a Criminal Appeal against conviction by the Trial Court in 2003 for offences under Ss. 302, 307 read with S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561375\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">120-B<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a>, sentence of life imprisonment and rigorous imprisonment for 7 years, which was confirmed by the High Court, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Rajesh Bindal, JJ., set aside the appellant&#8217;s conviction for being vitiated and directed the State to set him at liberty. The Court observed that the only circumstance appearing against the appellant was not put to him in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/05\/13\/supreme-court-judgment-on-section-313-of-crpc-knowledge-of-material-circumstances-against-accused\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement under Section 313 of CrPC<\/a>, remaining untouched by the High Court as well, and that the Trial Court also did not produce submissions made by the counsel for accused.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Shanti Bhushan<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of U.P.<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/EP54rscx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 489<\/a><\/span>, a case related to determination of the market value of a property at Allahabad, registered in 2010 for the purpose of stamp duty, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Rajesh Bindal, JJ., allowed the appeal and set aside the impugned judgment of the High Court of Allahabad and Assistant Stamp Collector (Collector) and has remanded the case for fresh consideration to the Collector. The Court held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/05\/02\/supreme-court-stamp-duty-on-sale-deed-can-be-calculated-on-market-value-of-property\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">market value is the one which a bona fide and willing buyer will offer.<\/a> It was further noted that there was no doubt that a property in possession of a tenant will fetch lesser value in the open market than the market value of a similar property exclusively in possession of the vendor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Shiva Kumar<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/ZnzxdTNq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 345<\/a><\/span>, the division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Rajesh Bindal, JJ., allowed an appeal against the order of life-time sentence to the accused by the Trial Court for offence punishable under S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">302<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (IPC) and modified the sentence to a fixed-term period of 30 years. The appeal before the Court was limited to the modification of the awarded sentence by the Trial Court for the offence punishable under Section 302, IPC. The Court held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/04\/04\/sc-and-hc-can-modify-fixed-term-sentence-wherein-capital-punishment-not-imposed-sc-legal-research-legal-news-updates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitutional Courts could exercise power of imposing a modified or fixed-term sentence even where capital punishment is not imposed or proposed.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Mah. Adiwasi Thakur Jamat Swarakshan Samiti<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Maharashtra<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/04H5LUMV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 326<\/a><\/span>, the full bench of Sanjay Kishan Kaul, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Manoj Misra, JJ. held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/03\/28\/supreme-court-affinity-test-is-not-a-litmus-test-to-decide-a-caste-claim-legal-research-legal-news-updates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">affinity test is not a litmus test to decide a caste claim and is not an essential part in the process of the determination of correctness of a caste or tribe claim in every case.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In a criminal appeal filed against order of the Delhi High Court upholding the order of conviction the Special Judge, Delhi, wherein the Court convicted the appellant\/convict for the offences punishable under S. 7(i) and (ii), S. 13(1)(d) read with S <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001564434\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825997\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988<\/a>, the division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span> and Rajesh Bindal, JJ., in <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeraj Dutta<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State (NCT of Delhi)<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/2e008d21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 280<\/a><\/span>, reiterated that in absence of direct evidence for offences punished under Prevention of Corruption Act, reliance can be placed on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/03\/30\/circumstantial-evidence-can-be-relied-on-to-prove-demand-of-gratification-under-corruption-act-sc-reiterates-legal-research-legal-news-updates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">circumstantial evidence to prove demand of gratification and set aside the order of conviction.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"\">In a detailed judgment of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Maniben Maganbhai Bhariya<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">District Development Officer Dahod<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/2ex4LS39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 507<\/a><\/span>, the bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ajay Rastogi*<\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ., while stressing on the importance of the work done by the Anganwadi workers\/helpers at the grassroot level, held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/04\/26\/anganwadi-workers-helpers-gratuity-plight-salary-supreme-court-judgments-legal-updates-research-news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anganwadi workers\/helpers are entitled to gratuity under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972<\/a>. Writing separate but concurrent opinions, both the judges agreed that the Anganwadi Workers\/Helpers have been entrusted with the important tasks of providing food security to children in the age group of 6 months to 6 years, pregnant women as well as lactating mothers, apart from rendering pre-school education. And for all this, they are being paid very meagre remuneration and paltry benefits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;If we look towards the problems plaguing the Anganwadi workers\/helpers, the first and foremost, they are not holders of civil posts due to which they are deprived of a regular salary and other benefits that are available to employees of the State. Instead of a salary, they get only a so called paltry &#8216;honorarium&#8217; (much lower 24 than the minimum wages) on the specious ground that they are part-time voluntary workers, working only for about 4 hours a day.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">K. Shanthamma<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Telangana<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/2MR37l4I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2022) 4 SCC 574<\/a><\/span>, an interesting case relating to corruption, the Division Bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/03\/24\/trap-party-recovers-tainted-currency-notes-from-tax-officer-accused-of-demanding-bribe-read-why-supreme-court-acquitted-the-officer-in-spite-of-proved-recovery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquitted a Commercial Tax Officer despite proved recovery of tainted currency notes from her.<\/a> The Bench observed that though the recovery was proved in the absence of demand being conclusively proved conviction cannot be made under Ss. 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the PC Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Rama Kant Singh<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/c9j1rKZ8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2022) 3 SCC 237<\/a><\/span>, a case relating to Bihar Public Works Contracts Disputes, the Division bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/03\/16\/explained-which-law-to-prevail-if-provisions-of-bihar-public-works-contracts-disputes-arbitration-tribunal-act-2008-are-in-conflict-with-the-arbitration-and-conciliation-act-1996\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">if any of the provisions of the Bihar Public Works Contracts Disputes Arbitration Tribunal Act, 2008 are in conflict with the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the 2008 Act shall prevail to the extent of the conflict.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"\">While deciding an appeal in <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Deepak<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Maharashtra<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/2kD7G07K\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 99<\/a><\/span>, where the appellant challenged the externment order issued against him under S. 56(1)(a)(b) of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002880442\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maharashtra Police Act, 1951<\/a>, the Division Bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ., quashed the impugned externment order observing that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/03\/05\/an-order-of-externment-is-an-extraordinary-measure-which-should-be-used-sparingly-sc-reiterates-the-duties-of-competent-authority-and-court-while-issuing-and-testing-externment-orde\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an order of externment is not an ordinary measure and it must be resorted to sparingly and in extraordinary circumstances<\/a>. The Bench held that,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;If the order of externment for the maximum permissible period of two years is passed without recording subjective satisfaction regarding the necessity of extending the order of externment to the maximum permissible period, it will amount to imposing unreasonable restrictions on the fundamental right guaranteed under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574926\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">19(1)(d)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a>&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Debananda Tamuli<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Kakumoni Kataky<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/tWjY2964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2022) 5 SCC 459<\/a><\/span>, a case where it was argued that merely because husband and wife are staying separately since a long time, an inference regarding desertion cannot be drawn, the bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/18\/divorce-can-long-separation-lead-to-inference-regarding-desertion-in-all-cases-supreme-court-decides\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">whether a case of desertion is established or not will depend on the peculiar facts of each case.<\/a> It is a matter of drawing an inference based on the facts brought on record by way of evidence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In a breather to SK Supiyan, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamta Banerjee&#8217;s Election Agent in the Vidhan Sabha Elections held in 2021, the bench of L Nageswara Rao and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ in <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">S.K. Supiyan<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">CBI<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/P2Na629p\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 164<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/10\/post-poll-violence-anticipatory-bail-to-mamtas-banerjees-election-agent-sk-supiyan-in-murder-case-must-fully-cooperate-in-the-probe-sc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">granted him anticipatory bail<\/a> in the Nandigram murder case but has directed him to fully cooperate with CBI for investigation and to remain present for investigation as and when called upon by the investigating officer. The Court made clear that the pre-arrest bail is liable to be cancelled if it is found that the appellant is not cooperating for the investigation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Vasudha Sethi<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Kiran V. Bhaskar<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/eVl14Z0x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 43<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka<\/span>*, JJ., held that in a case for custody of the child the rights of the parties to a custody dispute (parents) are irrelevant. However, adding an exception, the Bench stated,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;We may note here that a writ Court while dealing with the issue of habeas corpus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/02\/can-court-compel-a-parent-to-go-aboard-with-child-in-a-habeas-corpus-case-supreme-court-answers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cannot direct a parent to leave India and to go abroad with the child.<\/a> If such orders are passed against the wishes of a parent, it will offend her\/his right to privacy.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Vinod Kumar<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Amritpal<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/z79xA657\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021 SCC OnLine SC 1150<\/a><\/span>, a Division bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ held that once the prosecution establishes the existence of the three ingredients forming a part of &#8220;thirdly&#8221; in Section 300, it is irrelevant whether there was an intention on the part of the accused to cause death. Further, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/13\/explained-when-does-the-intention-to-cause-death-becomes-irrelevant-to-prove-an-offence-under-section-300-thirdly-ipc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it does not matter that there was no intention even to cause the injury of a kind that is sufficient to cause death in ordinary course of nature.<\/a> Even the knowledge that an act of that kind is likely to cause death is not necessary to attract &#8220;thirdly&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Thwaha Fasal<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/3rW3T0V3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021 SCC OnLine SC 1000<\/a><\/span>, a Division bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/30\/uapa-mere-association-with-a-terrorist-organisation-not-enough-sc-grants-bail-to-2-kerala-men-booked-over-maoist-links\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">granted bail to Thwaha Fasal and Allan Shuaib<\/a>, booked under punishable under Ss. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">38<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">39<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967<\/a> for alleged links with Communist Party of India (Maoist). The Court noticed that in the absence of sanction and the fact that NIA did not even seek sanction for the offence punishable under S. 20, a <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">prima facie<\/span> case of the accused being involved in the said offence is not made out at this stage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of M.P.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Somdutt Sharma<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/k7263lMz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2021) 12 SCC 53<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench comprising of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ., held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/02\/is-irrigation-department-a-factory-will-it-be-governed-by-industrial-disputes-act-supreme-court-analyses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Irrigation Department was not a factory within the meaning of Factories Act, 1948<\/a> as there was no indulgence in manufacturing process in the Department. The Bench expressed that, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;even assuming that some of the employees may be doing the work of pumping of water, that is not sufficient to hold that Irrigation Department of the first appellant is carrying on manufacturing process.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;Overall activities and functions of the Irrigation Department would have to be considered while deciding the question whether it is carrying on manufacturing activities.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Nagendra Sah<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Bihar<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/lPRRMh7v\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2021) 10 SCC 725<\/a><\/span>, a bench of Ajay Rastogi and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Abhay S. Oka*<\/span>, JJ held that when the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/25\/false-defence-no-ground-to-convict-if-chain-of-circumstantial-evidence-is-incomplete-10-years-after-wifes-death-sc-sets-man-free\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chain of circumstantial evidence is not complete<\/a>, falsity of the defence is no ground to convict the accused.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;&#8230;falsity of defence cannot take the place of proof of facts which the prosecution has to establish in order to succeed. A false plea can at best be considered as an additional circumstance, if other circumstances point unfailingly to the guilt of the accused.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16pt;\">High Court<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Girish Bharadwaj<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/9tgnIRw7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 445<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and B.V. Nagarathna, J. while addressing a petition about the release of information of people who contracted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/04\/24\/covid-19-kar-hc-release-of-information-regarding-people-contracting-covid-19-at-nizamuddin-religious-ceremony-a-policy-decision-court-declines-to-interfere\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COVID-19 at Nizamuddin, Delhi<\/a>, remarked that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">it is a policy decision and Court cannot interfere in the same.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Sandhya U. Prabhu<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/79D443ik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 441<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and B.V. Nagarathna, J., while addressing a petition held that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;&#8230;decision to keep open <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/04\/22\/coronavirus-kar-hc-decision-to-open-super-markets-24x7-is-a-policy-decision-nothing-per-se-illegal-in-allowing-bmtc-buses-to-transport-people-connected-with-essential-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">super markets 24&times;7<\/a> relates to purely a policy decision and nothing arbitrary in the said policy decision is found.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Mohammed Arif Jameel<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/U7TQuv4O\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 391<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and B.V. Nagarathna, J. asked the State Government of Karnataka to take cognizance on various significant issues that have been raised in wake of the outbreak of Corona Virus., like &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/03\/31\/corona-virus-kar-hc-state-govt-to-take-cognizance-on-issues-like-provision-of-supply-of-hot-meal-to-pregnant-women-lactating-mothers-malnutritioned-children-needy-people\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supply of hot meal to pregnant women, lactating mothers, malnutritioned children &amp; needy people<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Mohammed Arif Jameel<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/d30L6Jom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 539<\/a><\/span>, a petition dealing with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/05\/30\/kar-hc-complete-absence-of-transparent-no-assurance-provided-to-migrants-to-avoid-unrest-amongst-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issue of migrant workers who had applied to be accommodated to the Shramik Special Trains<\/a> to their origin State, a Division Bench of Abhay Shreeniwas Oka, CJ and B.V. Nagarathna, J. held that,<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;&#8230;though several orders have been passed by this Court from time-to-time, the State has not placed on record any transparent and fair policy for selecting persons out of those who registered on Seva Sindhu website.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Vijayakumar Rai<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/b9hGk3qB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2019 SCC OnLine Kar 2186<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ. and Mohammad Nawaz, J. directed the state government to refund the amount already deducted from the salaries of judicial officers by the end of February 2020. The Court held that the State has no power to tinkle with quantum of salaries and pension payable to judicial officers and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/12\/07\/kar-hc-state-govt-without-scs-permission-has-no-power-to-tinkle-with-quantum-of-salaries-new-contributory-pension-scheme-not-applicable-to-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new defined Contributory Pension Scheme not applicable to them.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">Monkeys Death &#8211; Suo Motu, in re<\/span>, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/19s11836\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021 SCC OnLine Kar 15713<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka CJ and N S Sanjay Gowda J. remarked that it is necessary to lay down the guidelines to ensure that inhuman and shocking incidents of animal cruelty are hereafter prevented. The Court took up <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/08\/04\/monkey-deaths\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suo moto cognizance of large number of monkey deaths<\/a> on the roadside in Belur Taluk of Hassan District on Wednesday night after 15 alive monkeys who were put in a large bag were found as per news reports published in the leading newspapers &#8212; Deccan Herald, Indian Express, Times of India, Prajavani, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Sanathana Kalakshetra<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/k8viu91Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 871<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and M. Nagaprasanna, J., while addressing a matter held that<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;&#8230;right to construct unauthorized temple and that also on a footpath cannot be said to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/20\/kar-hc-right-to-construct-unauthorized-temple-and-that-also-on-a-footpath-cant-be-an-essential-part-of-any-religion-which-can-be-protected-under-article-25\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an essential part of any religion or religious practice which can be protected under Article 25<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a>.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">V. Mara Nayaka<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/X8A0UZMl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2019 SCC OnLine Kar 681<\/a><\/span>, the Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, C.J. and H.T. Narendra Prasad, J. while not going into the legal issue involved &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/03\/kar-hc-pil-against-construction-of-hostel-building-for-girl-students-belonging-to-scheduled-caste-dismissed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PIL against construction of hostel building for girl students belonging to Scheduled Caste<\/a>, dismissed the petition and held that the act of the petitioner is not pro bono and should not be allowed to invoke the extraordinary jurisdiction of this Court by filing a Public Interest Litigation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">High Court of Karnataka<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/0H3dUa74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 762<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and Vishwajith Shetty, J., laid down the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/29\/covid-19-lockdown-kar-hc-procedure-to-securely-release-payments-to-claimants-in-mv-cases-workmens-compensation-act-matrimonial-cases-la-compensation-cases-evolved\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guidelines to be followed for payment of dues to the claimants<\/a> in Motor Vehicle Accident Claim cases, Workmen&#8217;s Compensation Act, 1923 Matrimonial Cases and Land Acquisition Compensation cases etc. Due to the partial functioning of the district and trial Courts in the State in view of the COVID-19 Pandemic, entry of litigants in the Courts premises has not been permitted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">High Court of Karnataka<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/QO8Y9slX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 543<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and S Vishwajith Shetty, J., while dealing with many issues held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/05\/kar-hc-no-legal-basis-for-practice-adopted-by-some-family-courts-in-the-state-when-they-insist-on-personal-presence-of-petitioner-at-the-time-of-filing-cases-presence-of-complainant-while-filing-ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no legal basis for Family Courts insisting on personal presence of petitioners at the time of filing cases<\/a> and presence of complainant while filing S. 138 of the NI Act case not necessary.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Mohammed Arif Jameel<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/hatEb5lO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 448<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and B.V. Nagarathnna, J. held that, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/05\/02\/kar-hc-police-officers-can-exercise-power-under-s-1023-crpc-to-give-custody-of-vehicles-seized-for-covid-19-guidelines-violation-owners\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">owners of seized vehicles due to breach of COVID-19 Guidelines may approach jurisdictional Police Officers for the same.<\/a> The Cour stated that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;&#8230;in case of such seizure of vehicles for the offences relating to breach of the directions concerning COVID-19, it will be open for the jurisdictional Police Officers to exercise the powers under sub- section (3) of Section 102 of Cr.P.C and to give custody of the vehicles in terms of sub-section (3) of Section 102 to the owners.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">K.C. Kondaiah<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/0Wyu4h54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 2419<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka CJ. and Ashok S. Kinagi J., while partly allowing the present petition, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/18\/kar-hc-while-exercising-discretionary-powers-of-deciding-exceptional-circumstances-sec-cannot-ignore-constitutional-mandate-under-art-243e-directions-issued-to-schedule-panchaya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discussed the powers and obligations of the State Election Commission<\/a> and the limited intervention of the State Government in exercise of such powers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">SEBI<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Franklin Templeton<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/cnG45NhA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 1650<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka CJ. and Ashok S.Kinagi J., while allowing the present writ petition held, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;the decision of the Trustees (the Franklin Templeton Trustee Services private Limited) to wind up six Schemes mentioned in paragraph-1 of the Judgment by taking recourse to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/02\/kar-hc-franklin-templeton-and-the-provisionary-application-of-sebi-mutual-fund-regulations-petition-allowed-with-necessary-directions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sub-clause (a) of clause (2) of Regulation 39 of the Mutual Funds Regulations cannot be implemented unless the consent of the unit-holders is obtained in accordance with sub-clause (c) of clause (15) of Regulation 18.<\/a>&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">High Court of Karnataka<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/8UJeF71a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 SCC OnLine Kar 557<\/a><\/span>, a Division Bench of Abhay S. Oka, CJ and S. Vishwajith Shetty, J., in view of the present situation of COVID-19 outbreak held that, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;&#8230;course adopted by the Courts while recording the plea of the accused and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/22\/kar-hc-recording-the-plea-of-accused-under-s-313-crpc-can-be-procured-through-video-conferencing-amidst-covid-19-situation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recording the statement of the accused under Section 313 of CrPC through video conferencing<\/a> hearing will be a step taken to reduce the physical presence of the stakeholders in the Courts precincts to meet the exceptional situation and to secure the functioning of the Courts by following the best possible health practice.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">* Judge who has penned the judgment.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn1\" href=\"#fnref1\">1.<\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Debananda Tamuli<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Kakumoni Kataky<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/tWjY2964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2022) 5 SCC 459.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn2\" href=\"#fnref2\">2.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in\/bio_data\/former_judges\/asoj.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka<\/a>, High Court of Karnataka<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn3\" href=\"#fnref3\">3.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/law\/story\/karnataka-hc-justice-abhay-shreeniwas-oka-elevation-supreme-court-collegium-1842605-2021-08-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Who is Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka recommended for elevation to Supreme Court?<\/a>, India Today<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn4\" href=\"#fnref4\">4.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/main.sci.gov.in\/chief-justice-judges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice Abhay.S. Oka<\/a>, Supreme Court of India<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn5\" href=\"#fnref5\">5.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/main.sci.gov.in\/chief-justice-judges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice Abhay.S. Oka<\/a>, Supreme Court of India<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn6\" href=\"#fnref6\">6.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/main.sci.gov.in\/chief-justice-judges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice Abhay.S. Oka<\/a>, Supreme Court of India<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn7\" href=\"#fnref7\">7.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/theleaflet.in\/justice-a-s-oka-the-judge-known-for-taking-suffering-seriously\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Justice A.S. Oka: the judge known for taking suffering seriously<\/a>, The Leaflet<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn8\" href=\"#fnref8\">8.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/theleaflet.in\/justice-a-s-oka-the-judge-known-for-taking-suffering-seriously\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Justice A.S. Oka: the judge known for taking suffering seriously<\/a>, The Leaflet<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn9\" href=\"#fnref9\">9.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvidhiya.com\/high-courts-should-use-technology-for-automated-listing-of-cases-avoid-manual-intervention-justice-as-oka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">High Courts Should Use Technology For Automated Listing Of Cases; Avoid Manual Intervention: Justice AS Oka<\/a>, Legal Vidhya<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn10\" href=\"#fnref10\">10.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/law\/story\/karnataka-hc-justice-abhay-shreeniwas-oka-elevation-supreme-court-collegium-1842605-2021-08-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Who is Justice Abhay Shreeniwas Oka recommended for elevation to Supreme Court?<\/a>, India Today<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn11\" href=\"#fnref11\">11.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/mumbai\/district-courts-are-not-secondary-they-are-core-of-judicial-system-justice-oka\/article65974994.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">District courts are not &#8216;secondary&#8217;, they are core of judicial system: Justice Oka<\/a>, The Hindu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Looking into Justice Abhay S. Oka&#8217;s life, career and important judgments which have been instrumental in protecting the rights of marginalized communities and promoting freedom of expression, thereby making him a harbinger of social change and preserver of administrative accountability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67514,"featured_media":322930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38347],"tags":[2569,29517,47247,28334,38349,5363],"class_list":["post-322906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-judges-information","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-judge","tag-justice-abhay-s-oka","tag-karnataka-high-court","tag-know-thy-judge","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Know Your Judge - Justice Abhay S. 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