{"id":322804,"date":"2024-05-23T16:00:08","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T10:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=322804"},"modified":"2024-05-28T17:38:41","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T12:08:41","slug":"sikkim-hc-sets-aside-mact-judgment-awards-compensation-based-on-just-compensation-concept","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/23\/sikkim-hc-sets-aside-mact-judgment-awards-compensation-based-on-just-compensation-concept\/","title":{"rendered":"Deceased wife travelling in private vehicle of her husband held to be covered as third party; Sikkim HC awards \u201cjust compensation\u201d to mother-in-law and minor child"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Sikkim High Court:<\/span> In an appeal made under Section 173<\/a> of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988<\/a>, filed by the appellants aggrieved by the judgment of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Sikkim (“MACT”\/ “Tribunal”), the Single-judge Bench of Meenakshi Madan Rai, J.*<\/span> distinguished from the case relied upon by the Tribunal and set aside its judgment. The Court discussed at length the difference between a gratuitous passenger travelling in a private vehicle that met with an accident, and the deceased wife of the insured in the instant case who was held to be covered as a “third party”. The distinction was elemental as the Tribunal relied on a case wherein the insurer was found to be non-liable towards a gratuitous passenger’s demise. To compute the amount of compensation, the Court relied on the formulae devised from various judgments and applied the concept of “just compensation” and awarded compensation of Rs 27,65,000 to the appellants.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

In 2019, the deceased was travelling with her husband in their private car owned and insured by the husband with the respondent, which veered off the road and fell into a river in South Sikkim, claiming the life of the couple. The appellants (mother-in-law and minor son of the deceased mother) sought compensation of Rs. 37,10,000 (thirty-seven lakhs and ten thousand), through a claim before the MACT.<\/p>\n

The respondent resisted the claim, stating that the vehicle was driven in contravention of the insurance policy, therefore exempting them from any liability. The insurance policy submitted by the respondent stated that it covered only the personal accident of the owner\/driver amounting to Rs. 15,00,00 (fifteen lakhs).<\/p>\n

The appellants were denied compensation by the MACT, by relying on the case of New India Assurance Co. Ltd.<\/span> v. Geeta Khatiwada<\/span>, 2021 SCC OnLine Sikk 196<\/a>. Aggrieved by the Tribunal’s judgment1<\/sup><\/a>, the claimants appealed before the Court.<\/p>\n

Issue<\/p>\n

Whether the appellants were entitled to compensation on account of death of the wife who was travelling in the private vehicle of her husband, which met with an accident leading to the death of both the husband and wife?<\/p>\n

Court’s analysis and judgment<\/p>\n

The Court highlighted that an insurance policy emanates from a contract of indemnity between the insurer (first party) and the insured (second party), against the liability incurred by the insured. Referring to Section 147<\/a> of Motor Vehicles Act, 1988<\/a> (“MVA”), the Court elucidated that a third party would be a person who was not a party to the insurance policy and could be a person on the road, an occupant of another vehicle, or an occupant of the insured vehicle under such policy.<\/p>\n

The Court considered that the deceased passenger as the wife of the insured driver, was a third party in the insurance arrangement. The respondent reflected through their submissions that the covered amount for the liability of the insured accruing towards a third party in the event of an accident of the vehicle was limited to Rs. 7,50,000 (seven lakhs fifty thousand). The Court found this limitation to be erroneous interpretation of the Limits of Liability of the respondent, as the provision in essence referred to any damage to the property of a third party, and not their death.<\/p>\n

The Court also found the reliance of the MACT in Geeta Khatiwada (supra)<\/span> to dismiss the claim petition was misplaced, as in that case the deceased persons were travelling gratuitously in a private vehicle whereas in the instant case the deceased was the wife of the driver\/owner, qualifying as a third-party and cannot be a gratuitous passenger.<\/p>\n

The Court discussed the concept of “just compensation” as explained by the Supreme Court in National Insurance Company Limited<\/span> v. Pranay Sethi<\/span>, (2017) 16 SCC 680<\/a>, wherein, it was noted that “just compensation” must be viewed through the prism of fairness, reasonableness and non-violation of the principle of equitability. The Supreme Court had stated that, “In a case of death, the legal heirs of the claimants cannot expect a windfall (…) The determination must be on the foundation of evidence brought on record as regards the age and income of the deceased and thereafter a requisite multiplier should be applied<\/span>”.<\/p>\n

The Court also referred to Pappu Deo Yadav<\/span> v. Naresh Kumar<\/span>, (2022) 13 SCC 790<\/a>, wherein “just compensation” was computed by including all elements that would go to place the victim in as near a position as they were in, before the occurrence of the accident.<\/p>\n

Relying on the computation formulas devised in Pranay Sethi (supra)<\/span>, Sarla Verma<\/span> v. Delhi Transport Corporation<\/span>, (2009) 6 SCC 121<\/a>, and Magma General Insurance Company Limited<\/span> v. Nanu Ram<\/span>, (2018) 18 SCC 130<\/a>, the Court derived at a figure of Rs. 27,65,000 (Twenty-seven lakhs and sixty-five thousand only) to which the appellants were entitled, with simple interest at 9% per annum, on the afore-said amount with effect from the date of filing of the Claim Petition before the MACT, till its full realisation, failing which, the respondent shall pay simple interest @ 12% per annum.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the Court set aside the judgment of the MACT, distinguishing the Geeta Khatiwada (supra)<\/span> judgment and directed that 25% of the payable amount shall be entitled to the surviving mother-in-law, and 75% shall be entitled to the minor son of the deceased.<\/p>\n

[Passi Lamu Sherpa v. New India Assurance Co. Ltd. 2024 SCC OnLine Sikk 24<\/a>, decided on 14-05-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment by: Justice Meenakshi Madan Rai<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

Advocates for the Appellants:<\/span> Umesh Ranpal and Laxmi Khawas<\/p>\n

Advocate for the Respondent:<\/span> Dipayan Roy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

1.<\/a> Passi Lamu Sherpa<\/span> v. New India Assurance Co. Ltd.<\/span>, MACT Case No. 7 of 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Court discussed the difference between a gratuitous passenger travelling in a private vehicle that met with an accident, and the deceased wife of the insured in the instant case who was held to be covered as a “third party”. 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Balakrishnan, wherein the Supreme Court had distinguished between a Comprehensive\/Package Policy and Act Policy by stating that an Act Policy cannot cover a third-party risk of an occupant in a car, but a Comprehensive\/Package Policy would cover such risk.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Sikkim High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sikkim-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sikkim-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sikkim-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sikkim-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":236808,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/06\/bom-hc-diverges-from-madras-karnataka-hcs-view-on-whether-mact-has-jurisdiction-over-personal-accident-claims-or-not-read-the-proposition\/","url_meta":{"origin":322804,"position":1},"title":"Bom HC diverges from Madras & Karnataka HC’s view on whether MACT has jurisdiction over personal accident claims or not: Read the proposition","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"October 6, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0S.M. Modak, J., examined the jurisdiction of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal in regard to claim made by the insured\/owner under a personal accident claim against the insurance company. Liability of Insurance Company The circumstance involved in the present appeal about the liability of the insurance company to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":215831,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/06\/18\/jhar-hc-person-authorized-to-drive-a-vehicle-by-its-owner-when-dies-covered-under-the-insurance-policy-on-same-terms-and-conditions-as-applicable-to-the-owner-of-the-vehicle\/","url_meta":{"origin":322804,"position":2},"title":"Jhar HC | Person authorized to drive a vehicle by its owner, when dies \u2013\u00a0 covered under insurance policy on same terms and conditions, as applicable to the owner of vehicle","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"June 18, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Jharkhand High Court: Anubha Rawat Choudhary, J. allowed an appeal made by an insurance company regarding their extent of liability towards a deceased as mentioned in the insurance policy. An FIR was lodged by the owner of a vehicle wherein it was stated that a person (deceased) was authorized to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":220904,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/10\/16\/ph-hc-%e2%94%82claimants-in-proceedings-under-mv-act-have-to-prove-their-case-on-the-touchstone-of-preponderance-of-probabilities-and-not-beyond-reasonable-doubt\/","url_meta":{"origin":322804,"position":3},"title":"P&H HC | Claimants in proceedings under MV Act have to prove their case on the touchstone of preponderance of probabilities and not beyond reasonable doubt","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"October 16, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Punjab and Haryana High Court: Lisa Gill, J. dismissed the appeal filed by insurance company challenging the amount of compensation granted by the Motor Accidents Claim Tribunal (\u2018MACT\u2019). In the present case, one Dalip Singh and Aslam (deceased), met with a motor vehicle accident which led to their fatal death.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":297831,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/27\/bombay-hc-upholds-it-return-accident-compensation-financial-year-prior-death\/","url_meta":{"origin":322804,"position":4},"title":"Motor Vehicle Accident Claim | Bombay HC upholds consideration of IT return for Financial Year before death for calculating deceased’s income","author":"Ridhi","date":"July 27, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"New India Assurance Company argued that IT returns of 2014-15 could not be considered because it was filed after the deceased's death, while the Court regarded the same as a \u2018misconceived interpretation\u2019.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"bombay high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":235511,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/09\/08\/madras-hc-can-mact-deal-with-claims-policies-other-than-accident-claims-provisions-of-mv-act-contractual-statutory-liability-cannot-be-equated-hc-elaborates\/","url_meta":{"origin":322804,"position":5},"title":"Madras HC | Can MACT deal with claims & policies other than Accident Claims provisions of MV Act? 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The Cholamandalam MS General Insurance Company Limited is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/322804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=322804"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/322804\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/320032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=322804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=322804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=322804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}