{"id":322486,"date":"2024-05-19T10:00:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-19T04:30:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=322486"},"modified":"2024-05-22T17:08:01","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T11:38:01","slug":"article-11-court-fees-act-assam-amendment-violative-of-article-14-of-constitution-gauhatihc-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/19\/article-11-court-fees-act-assam-amendment-violative-of-article-14-of-constitution-gauhatihc-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Gauhati High Court declares Article 11, Schedule I of Court Fees Act, 1870 (Assam Amendment) ultra vires to Article 14 of Constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Gauhati High Court:<\/span> The present writ petitions were filed to challenge the constitutional validity of Article 11 of Schedule 1 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court Fees Act, 1870<\/a> (Assam Amendment) brought into effect by the Assam Court Fees (Amendment) Act, 1950 in respect of levy of Court fee for grant of probate or letter of administration. The fee is imposed at the rate of 7% ad valorem (levied at a rate percent of value) where the value of properties exceeds Rs 5,00,000 without there being any upper fixed limit. The Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Vijay Bishnoi*, CJ.<\/span>, and N. Unni Krishnan Nair, J., declared the impugned article to be ultra vires and violative of Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Background<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">One of the petitioners was named the Executor in his late brother&#8217;s will. The District Court granted him probate of the will subject to the payment of due Court fees on the present value of the property likely to come in the hands of the beneficiaries, which was around Rs 3 Crores and the calculated court fee required to be paid came around Rs 28 Lakhs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioner contended that he was merely an Executor and not the beneficiary of the will and it was not feasible for him to pay such enormous court fees to obtain probate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Similarly, the other petitioner, a daughter who was named the executor of one of the properties mentioned in the last will of her father and the amount of court fee required to be paid for getting probate was huge, had challenged the validity of such enormously high court fees.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Decision and Analysis<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The court held that &#8216;fees taken in court&#8217; cannot be equated with taxes as the levy of fees must be proven to be quid pro quo for the services rendered, and therefore, must take into account all relevant factors for the impost. Relying on the Supreme Court decision in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of T.N.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Zenith Lamp and Electrical Ltd.<\/span>,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/4tYwQDi7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1973) 1 SCC 162<\/a>, the Court opined that since the fee levied is in regard of the service rendered and the Testamentary proceedings are simple in nature and less time consuming, there is no logical justification for it to be levied without an upper limit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Rejecting the State&#8217;s contention that not fixing an upper limit in the levy of court fees in probate cases is justified as it may otherwise result in financial constraints which may affect the developmental works undertaken by the Government, the Court followed the Supreme Court decision in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">P.M. Ashwathanarayana Setty v. State of Karnataka<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/0ii1G70a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1989 Supp (1) SCC 696<\/a> to hold that the impugned provision singled out a class of litigants, who are the applicants for the grant of probate and letters of administration for levy of ad valorem court fee without the benefit of upper limit and exposed them to a hostile discrimination and is thereby violative of Article 14.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further held that there is no intelligible differentia between the two classes of litigants and the purported classification has no rational nexus to the object. Therefore, the Court held the impugned Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11<\/a> to be ultra vires to Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Lastly, relying on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Madras v. P.R. Sriramulu<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/D9TGRz2Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1996) 1 SCC 345<\/a>, the Court said that the State Government should take into consideration and make effort to rationalise the levy of court fees in regard to the service rendered by the court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Prafulla Govinda Baruah v. State of Assam, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/W1umVsj7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine Gau 524<\/a>, decided on 14-05-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment authored by: Chief Justice Vijay Bishnoi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">For the Petitioners: P. Sinha, Advocate assisted by R. Dubey, Advocate, R. Choudhary, Advocate, assisted by N. Gautam, Advocate<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">For the Respondent: D. Nath, Senior Government Advocate assisted by R.B. Bora, Junior Government Advocate, N. Kalita, Government Advocate<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Constitution of India &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/ebcwebstore\/images\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition-Gopal-Sankaranarayanan-ebc-front-cover.JPG\" alt=\"Constitution of India\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294438\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;The fees levied by courts should not exceed the cost of administration of justice. The levy of fee by courts for grant of probate without an upper limit is a discriminatory class legislation without any rational nexus or reasonable differentia.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":317943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[32929,7292,31836,68852,25464,68853,38219],"class_list":["post-322486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-ad-valorem","tag-article-14","tag-assam","tag-court-fee-act","tag-gauhati-high-court","tag-letter-of-administration","tag-probate"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Article 11 of Schedule I of Court Fees Act, 1870 (Assam Amendment) 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