{"id":321523,"date":"2024-05-06T16:00:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T10:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=321523"},"modified":"2024-05-10T10:20:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T04:50:18","slug":"allahabad-high-court-quashes-criminal-proceeding-against-wife-accused-bigamy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/06\/allahabad-high-court-quashes-criminal-proceeding-against-wife-accused-bigamy\/","title":{"rendered":"Allahabad High Court quashes criminal proceeding against wife accused of Bigamy due to lack of ingredients to constitute S. 494 IPC offence"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Allahabad High Court:<\/span> In a criminal revision filed with a prayer to quash the summoning order passed by the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate in a Complaint Case for offences under Sections 494<\/a>, 504<\/a>, 506<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’), Dr. Gautam Chowdhary, J. while partly allowing the revision, said that it is the solemn duty of the Court to protect apparently an innocent person, not to be subjected to frivolous prosecution on the basis of wholly untenable allegations and complaint. Therefore, to secure the ends of justice, the Court quashed the impugned criminal proceedings against the wife under Section 494<\/a> IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/p>\n

On 05-12-2022 the husband filed a complaint case against the wife with the allegation that earlier she had solemnized marriage with someone else, without obtaining any decree of divorce from any court of law and with him being alive. It was alleged that concealing these facts she has solemnized marriage with him in Arya Samaj Mandir according to Hindu rites and ritual. When it came to the husband’s knowledge, he asked about the same from her, but she threatened her for implicating him in false cases and made a demand of ten lakh rupees. On filing of the said complaint, the Court after recording statements, of complainant and witnesses under Section 200<\/a> and 202<\/a> Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> (‘CrPC’) summoned the revisionist for the offence under Sections 494<\/a>, 504<\/a>, 506<\/a> IPC<\/a>, which is the subject matter of challenge in the present revision<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision:<\/p>\n

After taking note of Section 494<\/a> of IPC<\/a>, the Court said that the expression ‘whoever……marries’<\/span> must mean ‘whoever…..marries validly’ or ‘whoever……marries and whose marriage is a valid one’. If the marriage is not a valid one, according to law applicable to the parties, no question of its being void by reason of it taking place during the life of the husband or wife of the person marrying arises. If the marriage is not a valid marriage, it is no marriage in the eye of law.<\/p>\n

The Court also analysed the ingredients of Section 494<\/a> IPC<\/a>, and Section 7<\/a> of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Concerning the second marriage of wife, the Court reiterated that the word ‘solemnize’ means, in connection with a marriage, ‘to celebrate the marriage with proper ceremonies and in due form’. Unless the marriage is celebrated or performed with proper ceremonies and due form, it cannot be said to be ‘solemnized’. If the marriage is not a valid marriage, according to the law applicable to the parties, it is not a marriage in the eyes of law. It also reiterated that to constitute an offence under Section 494<\/a> IPC<\/a>, it is necessary that the second marriage should have been celebrated with proper ceremonies and in due form.<\/p>\n

The Court said that the ‘Saptapadi’ ceremony under the Hindu Law which is one of the essential ingredients to constitute a valid marriage is lacking in the present case. Even there is no averment regarding ‘Saptapadi’ in the complaint as well as in the statements under Section 200<\/a> and 202<\/a> CrPC<\/a>. Hence, the Court said that no prima facie offence is made out against the wife as the allegation of second marriage is a bald allegation without corroborative materials. Therefore, the Court held that as the basic ingredients to constitute an offence under Section 494<\/a> of IPC<\/a> are lacking, hence, no offence under Section 494<\/a> IPC<\/a> is made out against the wife.<\/p>\n

The Court further viewed that the criminal proceedings against the wife initiated by the husband under Section 494<\/a> IPC<\/a> is nothing but a malicious prosecution with an ulterior motive, which is clear abuse of process of the Court. Thus, it said that summoning the wife under Section 494<\/a> IPC<\/a> vide impugned order is not sustainable.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court set aside the impugned summoning order and the criminal proceedings against the wife under Section 494<\/a> IPC<\/a>. However, the Court did not quash the criminal proceedings initiated against the wife under Sections 504<\/a>, 506<\/a> IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[Nisha v. State of U.P, 2024 SCC OnLine All 1462<\/a>, Order dated 25-04-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

Counsel for Revisionist:<\/span> Advocate Diwakar Mishra, Advocate Gaurav Kumar Srivastava, Advocate Mohd Afroz Khan<\/p>\n

Counsel for Opposite Party:<\/span> Advocate Baleshwar Dayal, Government Advocate Mayank Prakash Rawat<\/p>\n

Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Code<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The Court set aside the impugned summoning order and the criminal proceedings against the wife under Section 494 IPC. However, the Court did not quash the criminal proceedings initiated against the wife under Sections 504, 506 IPC.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67512,"featured_media":314936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2822,3594,68359,30517,36368,68358,64308,30080],"class_list":["post-321523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Allahabad_High_Court","tag-bigamy","tag-cdremonies-of-marriage","tag-criminal-proceeding","tag-malicious-prosecution","tag-s-494-ipc","tag-saptapadi","tag-valid-marriage"],"yoast_head":"\nAllahabad High Court quashes criminal proceeding against wife accused of Bigamy | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Allahabad High Court quashed criminal proceeding against wife accused of Bigamy as 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HC | In what conditions a complaint of bigamy filed by wife is maintainable when another complaint under S. 498-A IPC is already pending? Court discusses","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"June 30, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Telangana High Court: K. Lakshman, J., refused to quash a subsequent complaint filed by the wife against her husband (and others), where a prior complaint alleging offence under Section 498-A Penal Code, 1860 was already pending. Instant criminal petition was filed under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Petitioners\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":79791,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/10\/19\/law-for-laymen-s-494-ipc-bigamy\/","url_meta":{"origin":321523,"position":1},"title":"Bigamy [S. 494 IPC, S. 17 Hindu Marriage Act]","author":"SM","date":"October 19, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Image courtsey: Dick's Genealogy & History Corner.","rel":"","context":"In "Law made Easy"","block_context":{"text":"Law made Easy","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/law-made-easy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/bigamy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/bigamy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/bigamy.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/bigamy.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/bigamy.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6699,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/03\/03\/punishment-under-section-494-ipc-for-bigamy-is-applicable-on-all-citizens-whether-they-are-hindu-muslim-christian\/","url_meta":{"origin":321523,"position":2},"title":"Punishment under Section 494 IPC for bigamy is applicable on all citizens whether they are Hindu\/ Muslim\/Christian","author":"Sucheta","date":"March 3, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: On a petition filed by a public spirited person before this Court challenging that the provisions of Section 494 IPC are discriminatory on the ground of religion, a division bench of Ashok Bhushan and A.M. Shaffique JJ held that Section 494 IPC does not discriminate between Hindu\/\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":322777,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/23\/man-and-woman-living-together-does-not-constitute-bigamy-without-proof-of-second-marriage-rajasthan-high-court-scc-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":321523,"position":3},"title":"Man and woman living together does not constitute bigamy without proof of second marriage: Rajasthan High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"May 23, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Even if it is presumed that the petitioner has performed Nata marriage, then also there is no proof that the same was done by following the marriage ceremonies required by the personal law governing the parties or by following the essential ceremonies for a Nata marriage.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Rajasthan High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rajasthan-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rajasthan-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rajasthan-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rajasthan-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":340700,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/02\/07\/second-wife-who-was-single-cannot-be-prosecuted-for-bigamy-under-s-494-ipc-chhattisgarh-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":321523,"position":4},"title":"Second wife who was single at the time of marriage cannot be prosecuted for bigamy under S. 494 IPC: Chhattisgarh HC","author":"Editor","date":"February 7, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cA person who is single marrying another whose marriage is subsisting is not liable under Section 494 IPC, but the person whose marriage is subsisting would be liable.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Chhattisgarh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":243478,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/06\/jhar-hc-when-can-the-second-wife-be-convicted-for-abetting-the-offence-of-bigamy-under-s-494-ipc-what-are-essential-ingredient-of-such-offence-court-examines-while-acquitting-the-second-wife\/","url_meta":{"origin":321523,"position":5},"title":"Jhar HC | When can the second wife be convicted for abetting the offence of bigamy under S. 494 IPC? What are the essential ingredients of such offence? Court examines while acquitting the second wife","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 6, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Jharkhand High Court: Anubha Rawat Choudhary, J., inter alia, reversed the conviction of the second wife (of the husband of the complainant-first wife) for abetting the offence under Section 494 IPC. Criminal Appeal was preferred against the Judgment of conviction and order of sentence passed by the Judicial Magistrate, 1st\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67512"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=321523"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321523\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=321523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=321523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=321523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}