{"id":319971,"date":"2024-04-12T17:00:09","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T11:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=319971"},"modified":"2024-04-18T09:53:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T04:23:06","slug":"duty-prosecution-examine-magistrate-conducting-test-identification-parade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/04\/12\/duty-prosecution-examine-magistrate-conducting-test-identification-parade\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Duty of prosecution to examine Magistrate who conducted TI parade\u2019; Orissa HC acquits dacoity convicts after severe lapses"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Orissa High Court:<\/span> In set of three criminal appeals against the Trial Court’s decision convicting the appellants for offence under Section 395<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’), SK Sahoo<\/span>, J. allowed the appeals and set aside the impugned decision and order of conviction. The Court reflected on the importance of the Test Identification Parade and laid that it is the duty of the Public Prosecutor to examine the Magistrate who conducts the TI parade so that the legal sanctity of its report can be ascertained during the trial.<\/p>\n

Factual Matrix<\/p>\n

On 13-06-2010, the informant’s case was that all the convicts assaulted him inside the car causing bleeding injuries on his person and took away Rs.8,000\/-, two valuable mobiles, a trolley suitcase and other valuable articles.<\/p>\n

During the investigation, the sub-inspector (‘SI’) examined the informant, visited the spot, sent the injured informant to Hospital, Bhubaneswar for medical examination and examined other witnesses. Two of the convicts were taken on remand. Upon SI’s prayer for conducting the test identification parade (‘TI parade’), the same was conducted in the Bhubaneswar Special Jail and the informant identified the convicts.<\/p>\n

Subsequently, the Trial Court found the convicts guilty and sentenced them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for five years each and to pay a fine of Rs.3,000\/- each, in default, to undergo further R.I. for three months each.<\/p>\n

Analysis<\/p>\n

Whether the convicts were guilty of committing dacoity?<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the first information report was registered against four persons and the informant had also stated that four persons had participated in the crime. The Court said that robbery is an aggravated form of theft or extortion and similarly, dacoity is an aggravated form of robbery when persons taking part therein are five or more. Hence, the Court said that in absence of any material on record that five or more persons participated in the crime, the ingredients of the offence of dacoity as enumerated under Section 391<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> were not satisfied.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the Court held that framing of the charge under Section 395<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> by the Trial Court against the convicts and also the conviction under Section 395<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> was not sustainable in the eyes of law, particularly when there was no evidence on record adduced during trial that five or more persons conjointly committed or attempted to commit robbery.<\/p>\n

Test Identification Parade and examination of Magistrate<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the informant did not name any of the convicts in the FIR and it was lodged against unknown persons. However, the Court noted that in the examination-in-chief, the informant stated that he knew two of the convicts. The Court referred to Tukuna Rauta<\/span> v. State of Odisha<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a>, wherein it was held that despite knowing the name of the accused, omission on the part of the informant to mention the same in the FIR affects the probabilities of the case and such omission is relevant under Section 11<\/a> of the Evidence Act, 1872<\/a> in judging veracity of the prosecution case. The Court said that it was expected of the informant to mention the names of the convicts, he knew in the FIR, but since the names of the two convicts did not find place in the FIR their involvement in the crime was doubtful.<\/p>\n

Regarding the TI parade, the Court noted that the police conducted the TI parade and the informant identified one of the convicts there and that in the cross-examination it was stated by the informant that he did now knew him prior to the TI parade. The Court also noted that the prosecution had submitted that only one TI parade was conducted in the matter at hand. The Court said that if the informant identified one of the convicts in the TI parade conducted by the police, then the sanctity of TI parade which was conducted at a later point of time by the Magistrate was lost.<\/p>\n

Further, the Court noted that the Magistrate, who conducted TI parade was not examined to prove the report, inasmuch as many things the defence could have brought out by way of cross-examination of the Magistrate regarding the irregularities or procedural infirmities, if any, made during conduct of the TI parade. In the said regard, the Court referred to Umesh Chandra<\/span> v. State of Uttarakhand<\/span>, (2021) 17 SCC 616<\/a>, wherein, the Supreme Court had expressed concern about non-examination of Magistrates to prove the sanctity of the TI parade.<\/p>\n

Hence, the Court reiterated that it is the duty of the Public Prosecutor to examine the Magistrate who conducts the TI parade so that the legal sanctity of its report can be ascertained during the trial. The Court reflected that non-examination of the Magistrate strikes a severe blow not on the prosecution’s case but also on justice as irregularities, if any, committed in such TI parade cannot be canvassed and discussed by the Trial Court in his absence from the witness box.<\/p>\n

In the matter at hand, the Court said that the prosecution had proved the TI parade report through the informant and that the Magistrate was not examined in the Court to prove the report, and no plausible explanation was given by the Prosecution for the same. The Court explained that mere marking of the TI parade report is not enough inasmuch as the person who conducted the TI parade could only highlight what precautions he took, what procedure he followed during such TI parade and the lapses, if any, on the Magistrate’s part during the proceedings of the TI parade which strikes at the root of the identification evidence, can be brought out by the defence counsel in the cross-examination. Further, the Court discussed that in case of absence of Magistrate or death, the Trial Court has to specifically mention the same in the order-sheet and thereafter the prosecution can adduce cogent evidence to prove such TI parade report. The Identification proceedings are not conducted for the pleasure of the prosecution but serve a valuable purpose even though the identification test does not constitute substantive evidence.<\/p>\n

Decision<\/p>\n

The Court held that the impugned judgment and order of conviction was not sustainable in the eye of law and hence, the same was set aside. Accordingly, all the three criminal appeals were allowed and the Court acquitted all the convicts.<\/p>\n

[Baikuntha Bhoi v. State of Odisha, 2024 SCC OnLine Ori 1264<\/a>, Decided on: 04-04-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment Authored by: Justice SK Sahoo<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the appellants: Amicus Curiae Rashmi Ranjan Nayak<\/p>\n

,<\/p>\n

For the respondent: Additional Standing Counsel Priyabrata Tripathy<\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

1.<\/a> (2021) 84 Orissa Criminal Reports 55.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Non-examination of the Magistrate strikes a severe blow not only on the prosecution’s case but also on justice as irregularities committed in TI parade cannot be canvassed and discussed by the Trial Court in his absence from the witness box.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67517,"featured_media":315154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[67514,67512,67513],"class_list":["post-319971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-justice-sk-sahoo","tag-prosecution-examine-magistrate","tag-test-identification-parade-orissa-hc"],"yoast_head":"\nDuty of prosecution to examine Magistrate conducting TI parade: Orissa HC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Duty of prosecution to examine Magistrate who conducted TI parade; Orissa HC while acquitting dacoity convicts\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/04\/12\/duty-prosecution-examine-magistrate-conducting-test-identification-parade\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Duty of prosecution to examine Magistrate who conducted TI parade\u2019; 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The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":266962,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/17\/any-person-selling-article-or-food-without-a-license-would-be-punishable\/","url_meta":{"origin":319971,"position":3},"title":"Ori HC | Any person selling article or food without a license would be punishable under S. 16 (I)(a)(ii) PFA Act as per S. 7(iii) PFA Act","author":"Editor","date":"May 17, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Orissa High Court: S. Muralidhar CJ dismissed the revision petition and set aside the conviction decision of the Trial Court which was later affirmed by the Appellate Court. The case of the prosecution was that Chittaranjan Das who was the Food Inspector, Bolangir visited Agalpur along with the Food Peon\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":238458,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/03\/two-men-cleared-of-murder-walk-free-after-12-years-in-prison-as-sc-holds-that-conviction-cannot-be-based-solely-on-refusal-to-undergo-a-test-identification-parade\/","url_meta":{"origin":319971,"position":4},"title":"Two men walk free after 12 years in prison as SC holds that conviction cannot be based solely on refusal to undergo a Test Identification Parade","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"November 3, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"The finding of guilt cannot be based purely on the refusal of the accused to undergo an identification parade.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":199552,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/08\/03\/test-identification-parade-not-obligatory-failure-does-not-make-evidence-of-identification-inadmissible-in-court-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":319971,"position":5},"title":"Test Identification Parade not obligatory; failure does not make evidence of identification inadmissible in Court: SC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 3, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: N.V. Ramana, J., delivered the judgment for himself and S. Abdul Nazeer, J., dismissing the appeal filed against the decision of Patna High Court affirming the conviction and sentence awarded to the appellant by the trial court. The appellant along with other co-accused was convicted under Section 396\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67517"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=319971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319971\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/315154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=319971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=319971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=319971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}