{"id":318274,"date":"2024-03-23T17:00:58","date_gmt":"2024-03-23T11:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=318274"},"modified":"2024-04-06T09:18:50","modified_gmt":"2024-04-06T03:48:50","slug":"whether-manager-appointed-under-mental-health-act-can-execute-will-to-alienate-property-gujarat-hc-answers-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/23\/whether-manager-appointed-under-mental-health-act-can-execute-will-to-alienate-property-gujarat-hc-answers-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Whether Manager appointed under Mental Health Act can execute Will to alienate property of person of unsound mind? Gujarat HC answers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Gujarat High Court:<\/span> In a batch of appeals and special civil application against the decision of Single Judge rejecting testamentary petition of the Manager of a person of unsound mind and challenging the validity of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001555645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">59<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Succession Act, 1925<\/a> (\u20181925 Act\u2019), the Division Bench of Sunita Agarwal and Aniruddha P. Mayee upheld the Single Judge\u2019s decision and held that the owner of the property not being testator of the &#8216;Will&#8217;, the document executed by the Manager cannot be said to be a &#8216;Will&#8217; in the eyes of law. The Court also held that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001555645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">59<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1925 Act<\/a> was in conformity with the fundamental concept of &#8216;Will&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appellant (\u2018Manager\u2019) was appointed as the Manager of \u2018A\u2019 under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002935348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mental Health Act, 1987<\/a> (\u2018M.H. Act\u2019) by an order dated 11-04-2012 of the District Judge, Vadodara. \u2018A\u2019 died on 01-01-2018 at the age of 76 years. The Will in question was executed in her name during her lifetime on 23-02-2016. A Testamentary Petition under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001555521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">300<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1925 Act<\/a> was filed by the Manager seeking probate of the \u2018will\u2019 executed by the Manager in the capacity of being the A\u2019s Manager. The Single Judge in the impugned decision concluded that the Manager has no free hand to deal with the properties of the person of unsound mind and that he is subject to control and supervision of the competent authority which is responsible for appointing him as manager for the properties of the person of unsound mind. The Testamentary Petition was dismissed, and it was held that the Will in question cannot be said to be a &#8216;Will&#8217; executed by \u2018A\u2019 and she cannot be said to be the testator of the &#8216;Will&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">A special civil application was filed to declare Section 59, Explanation 4, and words &#8220;or from illness&#8221; of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1925 Act<\/a> as ultra vires and void ab initio.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Manager appearing in person contended that that there is no prohibition in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002880151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gujarat Court of Wards Act, 1963<\/a>, from making &#8216;Will&#8217; of a person of unsound mind. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001533091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">59<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002935348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M.H. Act<\/a>, on the other hand, confers same power upon the Manager appointed for the management of the property of the mentally ill person.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court said that &#8216;Will&#8217; \u201cis a legal declaration of a person&#8217;s wishes regarding the disposal of his or her property or asset after death&#8221;. The Court explained that a written instrument legally executed by a person making disposition of his or her asset to take effect after death, can only be with the expression of willingness of such person to execute the same. The wishes of a person who is the testator of the &#8216;Will&#8217; should be free will which means that such a person is allowed to choose what he or she wants. For the expression of \u2018free will\u2019, the Court said that it would require the capability of conscious choice and decision as also the intention of the person executing the &#8216;Will&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On perusal of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1925 Act<\/a>, the Court said that it provides for the capability of a person making &#8216;Will&#8217;, which includes that the person making &#8216;Will&#8217; shall be of sound mind and should not be a minor. The Court discussed that the Explanation 4 to Section 59 provides that a person making &#8216;Will&#8217;, if in such a state of mind for the reason of illness or any other cause or on account of intoxication that he does not know what he is doing, would be incapable of making a &#8216;Will&#8217;. It is, thus, necessary that in order to make a valid &#8216;Will&#8217;, the testator need to be in perfect state of health, specifically in sound state of mind and should not be incapacitated in any manner from expressing his or her free will or making of conscious choice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the matter at hand, the Court said that the owner of the property, namely, A, was of unsound mind and was treated as an indoor patient at a hospital. The Manager was appointed under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001533086\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">54<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002935348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M.H. Act<\/a> to manage A\u2019s property. The Court, on perusal of the M.H. Act, said that the manager of the property of a person of unsound mind appointed by the Court does not have unfettered powers to deal with the property of such a person. The Court noted under Section 58, a manager of a mentally ill person is responsible for the maintenance of the mentally ill person and of such members of his\/her family as are dependent on him. The Court clarified that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001533091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">59<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002935348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M.H. Act<\/a> confers power on the manager so appointed under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002935348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M.H. Act<\/a> to exercise the same power in regard to the management of the property of the person of unsound mind, as such person would have exercised being the owner had he not been of unsound mind, but it does not, in any manner confer power on the manager to alienate the property.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Further, the Court said that the proviso to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001533091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">59<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002935348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M.H. Act<\/a> prohibits transfer of any immovable property of the mentally ill person in any manner or creation of lease on such property for a period exceeding five years, except with the permission of the District Court. Thus, the Court said that the Manager\u2019s assertion in the matter at hand, that execution of the &#8216;Will&#8217; of person of unsound mind was not prohibited by the proviso to Section 59 was a misconceived argument. The Court stated that <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">what has not been provided by the law cannot be done by the Manager in the capacity of being the Manager of the person of unsound mind<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, in the matter at hand, the Court concluded that the execution of &#8216;Will&#8217; by the Manager of the property of A in the instant case, was an act without any authority of law. The Court held that a &#8216;Will&#8217;, an instrument of expression of free will or conscious choice of the owner of the property, could not have been executed by the Manager on the premise that he can exercise the same power as could have been exercised by the person of unsound mind had she not been of unsound mind. Therefore, the Court did not find any error in the opinion of the Single Judge that the Manager has no free hand to deal with the properties of the person who is of unsound mind. The Court said that A, the owner of the property not being testator of the &#8216;Will&#8217;, the document executed cannot be said to be a &#8216;Will&#8217; in the eyes of law. Regarding the challenge to the validity of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001555645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">59<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1925 Act<\/a>, the Court said that it is in conformity with the fundamental concept of &#8216;Will&#8217;, which is meant to be a document executed by free will or conscious choice of the owner of the property.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court said that the appeal challenging the order of rejection of the testamentary petition and the connected Special Civil Application seeking to challenge the validity of Section 59 of the Indian Succession, 1925, were found misconceived and hence, were dismissed, accordingly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Vinayakrao Shantilal Desai v. NA, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/GMKM32Y5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine Guj 1814<\/a>, Decided on: 13-03-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">What has not been provided by the law cannot be done by the manager of the person of unsound mind, in the capacity of being the manager.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67517,"featured_media":314807,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[66734,66733,52772,3096,66732,66735,62299],"class_list":["post-318274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-alienate-property","tag-execute-will","tag-gujarat-hc","tag-Gujarat_High_Court","tag-manager-appointed-under-mental-health-act","tag-section-59","tag-succession-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Whether Manager appointed under Mental Health Act can execute Will to alienate property? | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Whether Manager appointed under Mental Health Act can execute Will to alienate property? 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When does presumption of being under influence arise? On whom lies burden of proof? Court answers while rejecting challenge to a Will","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Rajiv Sahai EndLaw, J., while addressing a very significant issue revolving around \u2018Will\u2019 expressed that: Litigation in a Court cannot be permitted to be played like a game of one-upmanship or by springing surprises or of ambush. \u00a0Adding to the observations, Court in light of \u2018unsoundness of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":137691,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/06\/20\/succession-certificate-issued-by-competent-court-provides-valid-discharge-to-banks\/","url_meta":{"origin":318274,"position":1},"title":"Succession Certificate issued by competent court provides valid discharge to banks","author":"Saba","date":"June 20, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: In a case regarding the Indian Succession Act, 1925, a Division Bench of the Court comprising A.S. Oka and A.K. Menon, J.J. held that the production of a Succession Certificate is necessary for the transfer of credit from any deceased's account to another person. The bank had\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":280485,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/12\/27\/executor-appointed-in-probate-proceedings-cannot-be-removed-unless-gross-misconduct-or-mismanagement-abuse-or-misuse-of-probate-is-demonstrated-delhi-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":318274,"position":2},"title":"Executor appointed in probate proceedings cannot be removed unless gross misconduct or mismanagement, abuse or misuse of probate is demonstrated: Delhi High Court","author":"Editor","date":"December 27, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The Delhi High Court held that naming of an administrator pendente lite would not come up unless and until the Executor was initially removed by the appropriate Court as per Section 301 of Succession Act, 1925. Further, it was held that an executor appointed in probate proceedings would not be\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-418.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":341803,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/02\/19\/revocation-of-will-on-account-of-marriage-of-testator-an-analysis-of-sections-69-and-70-of-the-succession-act-1925\/","url_meta":{"origin":318274,"position":3},"title":"Revocation of Will on Account of Marriage of Testator &#8211; An Analysis of Sections 69 and 70 of the Succession Act, 1925","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 19, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"by Ramakrishnan, S.*","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Op Eds&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Account of Marriage of Testator","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Account-of-Marriage-of-Testator.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Account-of-Marriage-of-Testator.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Account-of-Marriage-of-Testator.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Account-of-Marriage-of-Testator.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":323213,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/30\/dhc-denies-widowed-daughter-in-law-share-in-property-of-mother-in-law-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":318274,"position":4},"title":"\u2018Section 15(1) of Hindu Succession Act an anomaly in legislation that requires rectification\u2019; Delhi HC denies widowed daughter-in-law a share in mother-in-law&#8217;s property","author":"Editor","date":"May 30, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Delhi High Court said that this case is demonstrative of how S. 15(1) of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 works against a woman.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":253819,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/08\/who-will-be-the-owner-of-temple-property\/","url_meta":{"origin":318274,"position":5},"title":"Supreme Court Decodes | Pujari who performs puja and maintains temple property, will he be treated as Bhumiswami? Who will be the owner of temple property? \u00a0","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"September 8, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Bench of Hemant Gupta and A.S. Bopanna, JJ., while addressing the matter pertaining to rights of the priest, observed that: \u201cPujari is only to perform puja and to maintain the properties of the deity.\u201d \u201c\u2026name of the Collector as manager cannot be recorded in respect of property vested\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67517"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=318274"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318274\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=318274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=318274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=318274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}