{"id":316887,"date":"2024-03-13T17:45:45","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T12:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=316887"},"modified":"2024-03-21T13:06:35","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T07:36:35","slug":"procedure-u-s-313-crpc-couched-in-form-which-illiterate-understand-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/13\/procedure-u-s-313-crpc-couched-in-form-which-illiterate-understand-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Procedure u\/s 313 CrPC must be couched in a form which an ignorant or illiterate person can understand: Meghalaya HC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Meghalaya High Court:<\/span> In a criminal appeal under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519660\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">374(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> (&#8216;CrPC&#8217;) against an order of the Special Judge under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012<\/a> (&#8216;POCSO Act&#8217;) where the accused was convicted for seven years of rigorous imprisonment. B. Bhattacharjee, J. allowed the criminal appeal, quashing the judgment and order of the Special Judge saying that no person can be punished despite strong suspicion unless legal proof is adduced.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The convict wascharged with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001550527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5(m)<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001550528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">POCSO Act<\/a> for the sexual assault of a minor boy. The Special Court convicted the accused based on deposition of the mother, the statement of the survivor child recorded under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">164<\/a> and Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>, medical evidence by the medical expert under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001516788\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">45<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evidence Act, 1872<\/a> and statement made by the convict under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">313<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>. The Special Court also drew assistance of presumption under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001550507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">POCSO Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that the Special Court referred to the statement made by the survivor child under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> before the investigating authority to record reasons for its findings, however, Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">162<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> puts a clear embargo on the admissibility of the statement made by any person to a police officer in the course of investigation. The Court also cited <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Parvat Singh<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of M.P.<\/span>, (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/wBZkzG44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020) 4 SCC 33<\/a> which states that statement under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> can only be used to prove the contradictions and\/or omissions, however, it cannot be used to justify reasons while recording its finding in a criminal trial.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court reiterated that the statement under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> may be used only at the stage of recording evidence in a trial in accordance with the proviso attached to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">162(1)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>. The Court said that in the instant case, none of the prosecution witnesses was ever confronted with their statement recorded under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> at the time of recording of evidence by the Special Court and hence, the use of the statement of the survivor made before the investigating officer by the Special Court is against the settled proposition of law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Bench clarified that the Special Court&#8217;s reliance upon the statement of the survivor child recorded under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">164<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> corroborating it with medical evidence is not substantive evidence and that a statement under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">164<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> can be utilized only to corroborate or contradict the witness <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">vis-&agrave;-vis<\/span> statement made in Court. The Bench relied upon two Apex Court judgements, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ram Kishan Singh<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Harmit Kaur and another<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/AH8s9r60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1972) 3 SCC 280<\/a> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">BaijNath Sah<\/span> v <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Bihar<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/Wde717Lo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2010) 6 SCC 736<\/a> to reiterate the same. The Court also said that even though the evidence of medical expert is relevant under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001516788\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">45<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian Evidence Act, 1872<\/a>, it cannot take the place of substantive evidence as it is not direct evidence and is only of corroborative value.The Court said that since the statements under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">164<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> was not substantive evidence, the Special Court was misled in placing reliance on it by drawing corroboration from medical evidence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Further, the Court discussed the presumption under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001550507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">POCSO Act<\/a>, and said that to raise the same, it is essential on the part of the Prosecution to establish foundational facts on the basis of admissible and substantial evidence. The Court explained that the presumption under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001550507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">POCSO Act<\/a> will become operational only when the necessary foundational facts are established by the prosecution by leading legally tenable evidence and in the matter at hand, there was no direct evidence of survivor&#8217;s suffering from bleeding and pain. The Court added that there was nothing in the evidence to show that the survivor child&#8217;s mother noticed any discomfort in the physical appearance or movement of the survivor child. Therefore, the Court said that it was grossly improper for the Special Court to convict on the basis of corroborating evidence drawn from the statement of the survivor child under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> and 164 and the medical evidence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court questioned the manner in which the statement of the convictwas recorded under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">313<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>. The Court said that the object of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">313<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> is to afford a fair and proper opportunity to the convict for explaining circumstances appearing against him and that the procedure adopted by the Special Court must be such that even an illiterate person will be able to appreciate and understand. In the instant matter, the Court said that there was discrepancy as to on which date the statement of the convict was recorded under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">313<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> as copies of the evidence including the statement under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">313<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> was received by the Counsels for the rival parties before the date on which the alleged statement and thumbprint of the convict was taken. The Court also added that the fact that the convict is an illiterate person, the Special Court was required to take a careful and attentive approach at the time of recording of the statement. The Bench said that the lack of proper application of the procedure of law renders the entire statement of the convict defective and perfunctory.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Therefore, the Bench held that in the absence of legal proof of the convictconvict committing the offence, the Court must give benefit of doubt to the convict. The Court convictallowed the appeal, quashed the impugned judgment and set aside the Order of Sentence as well.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Amit Boro v. State of Meghalaya, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/wAvER03e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine Megh 134<\/a>, Order dated 08-03-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Code of Criminal Procedure\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"protection of children from sexual offences act, 2012\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;Section 29 of the POSCO Act cannot be interpreted to say that just because a charge-sheet is filed, the onus shifts on the accused to prove his innocence against the accusation.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":316898,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[66339,66340,66342,66341,23644],"class_list":["post-316887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-admissible-evidence-burden-of-proof-in-pocso-case","tag-judgments-on-pocso-in-favor-of-accused","tag-justice-b-bhattacharjee","tag-presumption-under-section-29-pocso-act","tag-statement-of-victim"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - 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