{"id":316742,"date":"2024-03-12T11:00:19","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T05:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=316742"},"modified":"2024-03-12T10:07:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T04:37:10","slug":"true-and-voluntary-dying-declaration-can-be-sole-basis-of-conviction-sc-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/12\/true-and-voluntary-dying-declaration-can-be-sole-basis-of-conviction-sc-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"True and voluntary dying declaration can be sole basis of conviction without any corroboration: SC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court:<\/span> In a set of two criminal appeals against Allahabad High Court’s decisions, whereby the convicts’ criminal appeals were dismissed and the conviction by the Trial Court was upheld, the Division Bench of BR Gavai*<\/span> and Sandeep Mehta, JJ. allowed one appeal and dismissed another. The Court held that the dying declaration of the deceased was cogent, trustworthy and reliable and hence, could form the sole basis for the conviction of one of the convicts.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

On 01-12-2016, a written report was received by the police station at 08:15 pm which was a transcription of the complaint made by the deceased, admitted in the District Hospital, Moradabad on 1-12-2016, at 02:20 pm with 80 per cent deep thermal and facial burns. It was alleged that she was set ablaze by the convicts (her brother-in-law, sister-in-law and sister-in-law’s brother) who had been pressuring her into entering the profession of immoral trafficking and prostitution. On the basis of the written report a First Information Report (‘FIR’) was registered at Police Station Katghar, for the offence punishable under Section 307<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’). Between 08:48 pm and 09:15 pm dying declaration of the deceased was recorded. On 2-12-2016, the deceased eventually succumbed to her injuries at 07:55 pm. Consequently, the FIR was altered to the offence punishable under Section 302<\/a> of the IPC<\/a>. According to the Post-Mortem Report, the cause of death was shock as a result of ante-mortem burn injuries.<\/p>\n

The Trial Court convicted the present convicts for offences punishable under Sections 302<\/a> and 34<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> and sentenced them to undergo imprisonment for life along with fine. The High Court dismissed the appeals and affirmed the order of conviction and sentence by the Trial Court. Hence, the present appeals.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision<\/p>\n

The Court noted that in the present case, the conviction was based solely on the dying declaration. The Court relied on Atbir<\/span> v. Govt. (NCT of Delhi)<\/span>, (2010) 9 SCC 1<\/a> wherein certain factors to be taken into consideration while resting the conviction on the basis of dying declaration have been laid down. The Court reiterated that dying declaration can be the sole basis of the conviction if it inspires the full confidence of the Court and the Court is required to satisfy itself that the deceased was in a fit state of mind at the time of making the statement and that it was not the result of tutoring, prompting or imagination. When the Court is satisfied about the dying declaration being true and voluntary, it can base its conviction without any further corroboration. Further, the Court reiterated that there cannot be an absolute rule of law that the dying declaration cannot form the sole basis of conviction unless it is corroborated.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the Chief Medical Officer had informed the Naib Tehsildar about the sound condition of the deceased to give her statement and that she was in a fit state of mind at the time of making the statement and that it was not the result of tutoring, prompting or imagination. The Court, on perusal of Tehsildar’s statement, noted that the deceased put her thumb impression on her statement and that the deceased answered in her full senses and she was understanding the questions. The Court also noted from the Naib Tehsildar’s deposition that he had taken care to ensure that none of the relatives of the deceased were present when the dying declaration was being recorded. The Court said that the dying declaration was coherent and consistent and as such, there was no legal impediment to make it the basis of conviction without there being any independent corroboration. The Court held that the dying declaration was cogent, trustworthy and reliable to base the conviction on the same.<\/p>\n

On perusal of the dying declaration, the Court noted that the deceased had a dispute over partition of property with her brother-in-law (convict) who had the motive and poured kerosene on the deceased and set her ablaze. The Court said that insofar as the other two convicts i.e., the sister-in-law and her brother were concerned, it was stated in the dying declaration that they aided the deceased’s brother-in-law, however, no specific role of how they assisted him could be found in the dying declaration. Therefore, the Court said that the said dying declaration can be the sole basis of maintaining the conviction of the deceased’s brother-in-law and in the absence of any specific role attributed to sister-in-law and her brother, they were entitled to the benefit of doubt.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court allowed the sister-in-law’s and her brother’s appeal and set aside the impugned Judgment in respect of both the convicts. However, the Court dismissed the brother-in-law’s\/ convict’s appeal.<\/p>\n

[Naeem v. State of U.P., 2024 SCC OnLine SC 237<\/a>, Decided on: 05-03-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n

Judgment Authored by: Justice BR Gavai<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Dying declaration can be the sole basis of the conviction if it inspires the full confidence of the Court and the deceased was in a fit state of mind at the time of making the statement and that it was not the result of tutoring, prompting or imagination.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67517,"featured_media":316746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[44180,55486,66274,5363,66272,66273],"class_list":["post-316742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-justice-br-gavai","tag-justice-sandeep-mehta","tag-sole-basis-of-conviction","tag-supreme-court","tag-true","tag-voluntary-dying-declaration"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018True and voluntary dying declaration can be sole basis of conviction\u2019: SC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta 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However, for doing so, the court must come to a conclusion that the dying declaration is trustworthy, reliable and one which inspires confidence.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"dying declaration sole basis of conviction","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dying-declaration-sole-basis-of-conviction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dying-declaration-sole-basis-of-conviction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dying-declaration-sole-basis-of-conviction.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/dying-declaration-sole-basis-of-conviction.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":177834,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/12\/23\/truthful-dying-declaration-may-form-sole-basis-conviction-even-though-not-corroborated\/","url_meta":{"origin":316742,"position":1},"title":"Truthful dying declaration may form sole basis of conviction, even though it is not corroborated","author":"Saba","date":"December 23, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"High Court of Himachal Pradesh: While deciding a criminal appeal challenging the judgment of the trial court whereby the appellant was convicted under Section 302 IPC, a Division Bench comprising of Tarlok Singh Chauhan, J. and Chander Bhusan Barowalia, J. dismissed the petition and upheld the conviction of the appellant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Himachal-HC_1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Himachal-HC_1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Himachal-HC_1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Himachal-HC_1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Himachal-HC_1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":242232,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/01\/14\/ori-hc-comprehensive-principles-governing-dying-declaration-and-remission-of-sentence-reiterated-appeal-dismissed\/","url_meta":{"origin":316742,"position":2},"title":"Ori HC | Comprehensive Principles governing \u201cDying Declaration\u201d and \u201cRemission of Sentence\u201d reiterated; Appeal dismissed","author":"Editor","date":"January 14, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Orissa High Court: A Division Bench of S.K Mishra and Savitri Ratho JJ. dismissed the appeal and directed to adjudication application for remission within 60 days of the receipt of the application. The facts of the case are the deceased-Urmila had married the appellant-accused in 1994 during which a sum\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":197853,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/06\/30\/uncorroborated-dying-declaration-may-become-basis-of-conviction-if-it-inspires-confidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":316742,"position":3},"title":"Uncorroborated \u2018dying declaration\u2019 may become basis of conviction if it inspires confidence","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"June 30, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Jharkhand High Court: A Division Bench comprising of H.C. Mishra and B.B. Mangalmurti, JJ., dismissed a criminal appeal filed against the judgment of conviction and sentence passed against the appellant by the trial court. The appellant was convicted for the murder of his father. It was alleged that on a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":276138,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/25\/allahabad-high-court-ipc-sc-st-act-cross-examination-dying-declaration-hostile-witness-conviction-legal-research-legal-updates-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":316742,"position":4},"title":"“Death was not pre-meditated”; Allahabad High Court modifies conviction under Section 302 IPC into Section 304 IPC","author":"Editor","date":"October 25, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Allahabad high Court: In an appeal filed against the judgment and order passed by Sessions Judge, convicting and sentencing the appellants in a murder case, the division bench of Kaushal Jayendra Thaker and Nalin Kumar Srivastava, JJ. has observed that the evidence of a hostile witness cannot be\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Allahabad High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":323237,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/30\/dying-declaration-supreme-court-upholds-bombay-hc-order-convicting-man-burning-wife-alive\/","url_meta":{"origin":316742,"position":5},"title":"Supreme Court upholds Bombay HC order convicting man for burning his wife alive; Finds no reason to doubt correctness of dying declaration","author":"Apoorva","date":"May 30, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court noted that by its order dated 30-06-2016, the sentence was suspended, and bail was granted to the convict, as he had already undergone about nine years of sentence.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Dying Declaration","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Dying-Declaration.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Dying-Declaration.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Dying-Declaration.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Dying-Declaration.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67517"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=316742"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316742\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/316746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=316742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=316742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=316742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}