{"id":315559,"date":"2024-02-28T16:00:12","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T10:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=315559"},"modified":"2024-03-06T18:27:12","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T12:57:12","slug":"calcutta-high-court-upholds-female-employees-right-to-maternity-benefits-under-maternity-benefits-act-1961-scc-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/02\/28\/calcutta-high-court-upholds-female-employees-right-to-maternity-benefits-under-maternity-benefits-act-1961-scc-times\/","title":{"rendered":"Calcutta High Court upholds RBI\u2019s Executive Intern\u2019s right to maternity benefits despite contractual limitations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Calcutta High Court:<\/span> In a writ petition challenging the denial of maternity benefits by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on the grounds of employment contract, a single-judge bench comprising of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Raja Basu Chowdhury,* J.<\/span>, held that denial of maternity benefits constitutes discrimination and violated Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a>. The Court directed the respondents to provide compensation in the form of maternity leave with pay for the period it was denied.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Factual Matrix<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the instant matter, the petitioner, employed as an Executive Intern at the RBI on a contractual basis for three years starting from 16-08-2011, applied for maternity leave for 180 days on 20-11-2012, effective from 03-12-2012, due to medical advice for bed rest during pregnancy. The petitioner&#8217;s application for maternity leave was initially not responded to, but eventually, on 14-03-2013, the respondent informed her in writing that she was not entitled to maternity leave under the terms of her contract, instead, her absence from duty would be considered as leave without compensation, although she would still receive medical benefits available to junior officers. Upon the rejection of her application, the petitioner sent a letter demanding justice, but the respondent reiterated that maternity leave was not covered in her contract terms. Aggrieved by the denial of maternity benefits, the petitioner preferred the present writ petition before this Court challenging the same.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Moot Point<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>\n<p>Whether the petitioner has a legal right to maternity leave despite the terms of her contract?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Whether the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002760682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maternity Benefits Act, 1961<\/a> applies to the Reserve Bank of India?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Parties&#8217; Contentions<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioner contended that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002760682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maternity Benefits Act, 1961<\/a> (the Act), being a central legislation, supersedes any contractual terms. It was contended that the judicial precedents and legislative intent emphasises on the importance of providing maternity benefits to female employees. It was argued that the respondent&#8217;s denial of maternity leave amounts to discrimination, which is prohibited under the Act and the Constitution of India. It was further contended that the contract does not explicitly restrict the petitioner&#8217;s entitlement to maternity benefits. On the other hand, the respondents contended that the contract explicitly mentions medical benefits but does not include maternity benefits and the petitioner accepted these terms by acknowledging the contract. It was contended that the Reserve Bank of India Act outlines the bank&#8217;s functions, which do not extend to providing maternity benefits. The respondents challenged the maintainability of the petition and contended that the petitioner did not exhaust alternative remedies available under the Act before approaching the Court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Court&#8217;s Analysis<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court analysed the provisions of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002760682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maternity Benefits Act, 1961<\/a>, and concluded that the Act applies to establishments employing ten or more persons, including commercial establishments like the Reserve Bank of India. The Court noted the purpose of the Act is to ensure the well-being of pregnant women in the workplace and prevent discrimination. The Court referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Kavita Yadav<\/span> v. Secy., <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare Department<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/3d34b9HL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2024) 1 SCC 421<\/a>, where the Supreme Court stated that entitlement to maternity benefit under the Act <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;travels beyond the term of employment and is not co-terminus with the employment tenure&#8221;<\/span> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Deepika Singh<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Central Administrative Tribunal<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/o30dQ8P9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 1088<\/a>, where the Supreme Court while applying purposive interpretation note that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;the contractual terms do not limit the right of the petitioner to be entitled to the benefits of the said Act. There is nothing in the terms of employment which interfered with the rights of the petitioner to be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of the said Act.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"\">While noting that the RBI ordinarily provides maternity benefits to its employees as per its Master Circular, the Court reasoned that differentiation between regular and contractual employees regarding maternity benefits creates an impermissible class within a class which is violative of Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a>. The Court held that the denial of maternity benefits to the petitioner constitutes discrimination and violates Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a>. The Court asserted that denying maternity leave to the petitioner undermines a woman&#8217;s right to childbirth and maternity leave, as enshrined in the law and violates the provisions of the relevant Act, which mandates maternity benefits for every woman employee. The Court emphasised the importance of maternity benefits, highlighting that denying such benefits could force pregnant employees to work during advanced stages of pregnancy, endangering both the mother and the fetus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">&#8220;A healthy mother and a healthy new born child not only ensures to the growth and development of the child but to the nation as well, as the child of today would be the force behind tomorrow&#8217;s development. Depriving such benefits to the mother and the foetus\/child would tantamount to depriving the nation of its future.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that denying maternity benefits to the petitioner constituted discrimination and violated her legal rights. The Court rejected the respondent&#8217;s argument regarding exhaustion of alternative remedies and stated that availability of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;alternative remedy is not an absolute bar for grant of relief by exercising powers of extraordinary writ jurisdiction&#8221;<\/span>, therefore, the petitioner is not barred from seeking relief through a writ petition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Court&#8217;s Decision<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">While emphasising on the importance of upholding maternity benefits to ensure the well-being of both mothers and newborns, as well as the nation&#8217;s future development, the Court ruled in favor of the petitioner and directed the respondents to provide compensation in the form of maternity leave with pay for the period it was denied.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeta Kumari<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/0qL4Ii2j\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 SCC OnLine Cal 1881<\/a>, order dated 26-02-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment by Justice Raja Basu Chowdhury<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Ms. Malini Chakraborty and Ms. Shampa De, Counsel for the Petitioner<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Mr. Alok Kumar Banerjee and Mr. Arunabha Sarkar, Counsel for the Respondent 3<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Constitution of India &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/ebcwebstore\/images\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition-Gopal-Sankaranarayanan-ebc-front-cover.JPG\" alt=\"Constitution of India\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294438\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Calcutta High Court noted that as per Section 5(1) of the Maternity Benefits Act, 1961, every woman is entitled to, and her employer shall be liable for, the payment of maternity benefits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67514,"featured_media":314821,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2689,33063,30651,60094,65840,2611,65839],"class_list":["post-315559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Calcutta_High_Court","tag-contractual-employment","tag-employee","tag-justice-raja-basu-chowdhury","tag-maternity-benefits-act-1961","tag-RBI","tag-right-to-maternity-benefits"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Calcutta High Court upholds female employee\u2019s right to maternity benefits under Maternity Benefits Act, 1961 | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Calcutta High 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HC | Women employees serving on contractual basis cannot be denied maternity benefits","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 4, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: The Bench of A. Muhamed Mustaque, J. disposed of a petition by stating that maternity benefits cannot be denied to a woman employed on contractual basis. Petitioner was working as an assistant professor in Medical Microbiology on a contract basis. It has been stated that, on expiry\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":352328,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/04\/orissa-hc-on-maternity-benefit-to-contractual-employee\/","url_meta":{"origin":315559,"position":1},"title":"Denying maternity benefit to contractual employee is abhorrent to humanity and womanhood: Orissa HC","author":"Editor","date":"July 4, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cPhysical companionship of mother and the baby was mutually advantageous as it promoted bonding between the two, which was essential for their wellbeing. A lactating mother had a fundamental right to breastfeed her baby during its formative years and, similarly, baby had a fundamental right to be breastfed.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Maternity benefit contractual employee","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Maternity-benefit-contractual-employee.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Maternity-benefit-contractual-employee.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Maternity-benefit-contractual-employee.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Maternity-benefit-contractual-employee.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":317056,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/15\/delhi-high-court-upholds-maternity-benefits-contractual-employee-imposes-costs-employer-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":315559,"position":2},"title":"Delhi High Court upholds maternity benefits of a contractual employee; Imposes costs on Delhi State Consumer Forum","author":"Arunima","date":"March 15, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court expressed surprise at GNCTD filing an appeal challenging the provision of benefits under the Maternity Benefit Act to a dedicated young woman who served in the Delhi State Consumer Forum for over five years on contractual basis considering their efforts to promote women's interests, such as the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":304272,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/10\/10\/delhi-hc-grants-maternity-benefits-to-contractual-employee-whose-contract-ended-during-pregnancy-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":315559,"position":3},"title":"\u2018Nature of employment will not decide maternity benefits\u2019: Delhi HC grants maternity benefits to contractual employee whose contract ended during pregnancy","author":"Editor","date":"October 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cMere creation of the welfare legislation is not enough. A duty is cast upon the State and the subjects of the Act, to uphold the integrity, objective and the provisions of the legislation in its true letter and spirit.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":333995,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/10\/28\/maternity-benefits-act-takes-precedence-over-contractual-conditions-contractual-employees-madras-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":315559,"position":4},"title":"Maternity Benefits Act takes precedence over contractual conditions for contractual employees: Madras High Court","author":"Apoorva","date":"October 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court affirmed that the NRHM Nurses are eligible for maternity leave of 270 days with pay as per the Maternity Benefits Act, 1961","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Madras High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":300166,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/28\/maternity-benefits-can-go-beyond-duration-of-contractual-employment-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":315559,"position":5},"title":"Explained | Supreme Court verdict on claim of maternity benefits beyond the duration of contractual employment","author":"Apoorva","date":"August 28, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe expression \u201cdischarge\u201d is of wide import, and it would include \u201cdischarge on conclusion of the contractual period\u201d.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"maternity benefits","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maternity-benefits.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maternity-benefits.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maternity-benefits.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maternity-benefits.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67514"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=315559"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315559\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=315559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=315559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=315559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}