{"id":314236,"date":"2024-02-15T16:00:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T10:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=314236"},"modified":"2024-02-22T18:09:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T12:39:40","slug":"whether-power-u-s-8-pmla-conferred-on-adjudicating-authority-can-be-exercised-only-by-member-having-experience-in-law-thc-clarifies-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/02\/15\/whether-power-u-s-8-pmla-conferred-on-adjudicating-authority-can-be-exercised-only-by-member-having-experience-in-law-thc-clarifies-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Whether power u\/s 8 of PMLA conferred on Adjudicating Authority can be exercised only by member having experience in law: Telangana HC clarifies"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Telangana High Court:<\/span> Appellant had challenged an order dated 13-03-2023 wherein a Single Judge Bench of this Court (‘the Single Judge’) had quashed provisional order of attachment and show cause notice issued by the Adjudicating Authority formed under provisions of Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002<\/a> (‘PMLA’). The Division Bench of Alok Aradhe, CJ.*<\/span>, and Anil Kumar Jukanti, J.<\/span>, set aside the order passed by the Single Judge and held that under Section 8 of PMLA power could be exercised by the Adjudicating Authority comprising only from member in field of law could not be accepted as it would leave Sections 6(5) and 6(7) of PMLA ineffective.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

The Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank filed a complaint, based on which FIRs were registered against Karvy Stock Broking Limited (‘KSBL’) and its directors and Karvy Comtrade Limited (‘KCL’) and its irectors respectively for the offence under Section 420<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a>. A provisional order of attachment dated 18-07-2022 was issued under Section 5(1) of PMLA by the Deputy Director, Enforcement Directorate. Thereafter, a show cause notice dated 19-09-2022 was issued by the Union of India.<\/p>\n

The validity of the provisional order of attachment dated 18-07-2022 and show cause notice dated 19-09-2022 was challenged in a writ petition on the ground that a single member could not pass an order of attachment, as Section 6 of PMLA contemplated the constitution of the Adjudicating Authority by a chairperson and two members and also on the ground that the Adjudicating Authority was not a judicial member and therefore, the act of passing provisional order of attachment which was a quasi-judicial function could only be performed by a member who was experienced in the field of law. The Single Judge quashed the impugned provisional order of attachment and show cause notice and held that “under the proceeding under Section 8 of PMLA, adjudicating authority performed quasi-judicial function as it decided the lis between two contesting parties and therefore, quasi-judicial bodies should consist of members having requisite qualification in the field of law and should be appointed instead of members having no experience in the field of law”<\/span>. Thus, the present appeal was filed.<\/p>\n

Appellant submitted that the Single Judge erred in inserting a condition in Section 6(5)(b) of PMLA to provide that every Bench of the Adjudicating Authority must consist of a member having experience in the field of law. Respondents 1 and 2 submitted that the Adjudicating Authority constituted under Section 6 of PMLA was a quasi-judicial authority and that it must be constituted with a member having experience in the field of law. Respondents 3 to 29 submitted that the Adjudicating Authority under Section 6 of PMLA was established to adjudicate on the matters concerning confirmation of provisional order of attachment order and confiscation of property and must consist of a member appointed from the field of law.<\/p>\n

Analysis, Law, and Decision<\/p>\n

The Court noted that in the present case the point of consideration was “whether the power under Section 8 of PMLA conferred on an Adjudicating Authority could be exercised only by a member having experience in the field of law?”<\/span>.<\/p>\n

The Court relied on Abdul Kuddus<\/span> v. Union of India<\/span>, (2019) 6 SCC 604<\/a> and opined that if the functions of the Adjudicating Authority under Section 8 of PMLA, which was a creature under Section 6 of PMLA, were considered, it was evident that it had the authority to determine the questions which affected the rights of the persons, and was required under PMLA to comply with the mandate contained in Section 8(2) of PMLA, undoubtedly to perform quasi-judicial function.<\/p>\n

The Court opined that the Adjudicating Authority was an authority constituted by PMLA, which had power under Section 8 of PMLA. The Court also opined that ‘adjudication’ was a function which was performed by several statutory authorities under different enactments. Thus, when the legislature conferred the function of adjudication on an authority under the statute, it could be performed by the authority within the power conferred on it.<\/p>\n

The Court relied on Pareena Swarup<\/span> v. Union of India<\/span>, (2008) 14 SCC 107<\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court noticed that judicial powers had to be exercised by Appellate Tribunal under PMLA and in order to protect the independence of judiciary, the persons qualified to be Judges should be appointed as members of the Appellate Tribunal. The Court further relied on Rojer Mathew v. South Indian Bank Ltd.<\/span>, (2020) 6 SCC 1<\/span><\/a> and opined that whenever the traditional court was divested of its jurisdiction and the same was transferred to any other analogous court or tribunal, the qualification of such member of tribunal must be commensurate with that of the court from which it was transferred. In the instant case, the Adjudicating Authority was neither a tribunal constituted under Articles 323-A<\/a> or 323-B<\/a> of the Constitution<\/a> and none of the adjudicatory functions which were performed by the Court had been transferred to the Adjudicating Authority.<\/p>\n

The Court further observed that against an order passed under Section 8 of PMLA, an appeal was provided under Section 25(1) of PMLA before the appellate authority which was presided over by a retired Chief Justice of a High Court and further the appeal lies before the High Court under Section 42 of PMLA. Thus, sufficient checks and balances had been provided under PMLA. The Court relied on International Assn. for Protection of Intellectual Property (India Group)<\/span> v. Union of India<\/span>, (2021) 4 SCC 519<\/a> and opined that an inference that, in absence of any provision in PMLA that function under Section 8 of PMLA conferred on the Adjudicating Authority must be performed by the Adjudicating Authority having a member experienced in field of law only, could not be drawn.<\/p>\n

The Court relied on Mukund Dewangan<\/span> v. Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd.<\/span>, (2017) 14 SCC 663<\/a>, wherein it was held that every word and expression which the legislature used had to be given its proper and effective meaning and opined that the principle that statute must be read as a whole was equally applicable to different parts of the same section. Section 6(2) of PMLA provide that an Adjudicating Authority should consist of a Chairperson and two other persons. However, various sub-sections of Section 6 of PMLA should be read in conjunction.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court held that power under Section 6 of PMLA could be exercised by an Adjudicating Authority comprising of a single member and therefore the proposition that power under Section 8 of PMLA could be exercised by the Adjudicating Authority comprising only from member in field of law could not be accepted as it would leave Sections 6(5) and 6(7) of PMLA, nugatory and ineffective.<\/p>\n

The Court relied on Pay Perform India Pvt. Ltd.<\/span> v. Union of India<\/span>, W.P. No. 12925 of 2023, wherein the validity of Sections 6(2), 6(3)(a)(ii) and 6(5)(b) of PMLA was upheld and further it was held that the composition of the Adjudicating Authority in the absence of judicial officer was not bad in law. The Court further relied on R.P. Infosystems Ltd.<\/span> v. Adjudication Authority<\/span>, 2023 SCC OnLine Cal 2391<\/a> wherein it was held that the Adjudicating Authority could comprise of a single member bench. Thus, the Court allowed the appeal and set aside the order passed by the Single Judge.<\/p>\n

[Enforcement Directorate v. Karvy India Realty Ltd., 2024 SCC OnLine TS 18<\/a>, decided on: 12-02-2024<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment Authored by: Chief Justice Alok Aradhe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the Appellant:<\/span> A.R.L. Sundaresan, Additional Solicitor General; Anil Prasad Tiwari, Standing Counsel<\/p>\n

For the Respondent:<\/span> T. Niranjan Reddy and Avinash Desai, Senior Counsels<\/p>\n

Buy Constitution of India  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Constitution<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Gupta* and Tanuja Rajpoot**","rel":"","context":"In "Experts Corner"","block_context":{"text":"Experts Corner","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/experts_corner\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"PMLA Landmark Judgments 2024","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/PMLA-Landmark-Judgments-2024.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/PMLA-Landmark-Judgments-2024.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/PMLA-Landmark-Judgments-2024.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/PMLA-Landmark-Judgments-2024.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/PMLA-Landmark-Judgments-2024.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/PMLA-Landmark-Judgments-2024.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":211195,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/03\/02\/pmla-adjudicating-authority-does-not-have-jurisdiction-to-direct-filing-of-fresh-application-on-the-basis-of-same-material\/","url_meta":{"origin":314236,"position":1},"title":"PMLA | Adjudicating Authority does not have jurisdiction to direct filing of fresh application on the basis of same material","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Appellate Tribunal for Prevention of Money Laundering Act: The Bench of Manmohan Singh, J. and G.C. Mishra (Member) allowed an appeal filed against the order of Adjudicating Authority directing freezing of accounts. Respondent herein had filed an application under Section 17(4) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":243361,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/04\/explained-scope-of-eds-power-to-freeze-bank-accounts-under-prevention-of-money-laundering-act-2002\/","url_meta":{"origin":314236,"position":2},"title":"Explained: Scope of ED’s power to freeze bank accounts under Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"February 4, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The 3-judge bench of SA Bobde, CJ and AS Bopanna* and V. Ramasubramanian, JJ has held that \u00a0under the Prevention of Money \u00adLaundering Act, 2002, though the Directorate of Enforcement is vested with sufficient power to freeze the accounts; such power is circumscribed by a procedure laid down\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":209861,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/02\/13\/pmla-prevention-of-money-laundering-act-a-special-act-with-stringent-provisions-must-be-interpreted-strictly-in-the-absence-of-ambiguity\/","url_meta":{"origin":314236,"position":3},"title":"PMLA | Prevention of Money Laundering Act: A special Act with stringent provisions \u2013 must be interpreted strictly in the absence of ambiguity","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 13, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Appellate Tribunal for Prevention of Money Laundering Act: The Bench of Manmohan Singh, J. (Chairman) and G.C. Mishra (Member) set aside Adjudicating Authority\u2019s order allowing retention of property seized from appellant. An Enforcement Case Information Report (ECIR) was filed against the appellant, for acting as a mediator and helping two\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":216961,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/17\/pmla-appeal-challenging-a-show-cause-notice-passed-by-the-adjudicating-authority-maintainable-if-any-hardship-is-caused-to-a-concerned-party\/","url_meta":{"origin":314236,"position":4},"title":"PMLA | Appeal challenging a show-cause notice passed by Adjudicating Authority, maintainable if any hardship is caused to party concerned","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 17, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Appellate Tribunal for SAFEMA, FEMA, PMLA, NDPS & PBPT Act: Justice Manmohan Singh (Chairman), dismissed an appeal filed by a company challenging a show-cause notice for retention of its property, on the ground that no hardship was caused to the appellant-company by the impugned notice. In the present case, FIR\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pmla.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":215323,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/06\/04\/pmla-investigating-authority-cannot-attach-the-property-indefinitely-in-the-name-of-investigation\/","url_meta":{"origin":314236,"position":5},"title":"PMLA | Investigating Authority cannot attach the property indefinitely in the name of investigation","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"June 4, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Appellate Tribunal, Prevention of Money Laundering Act (New Delhi): A Coram of Manmohan Singh (Chairman), J. and G.C. Mishra (Member) allowed an appeal under Section 26 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 against an order passed by the Adjudicating Authority for attaching property. 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