{"id":312887,"date":"2024-02-02T19:00:20","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T13:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=312887"},"modified":"2024-02-02T18:41:41","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T13:11:41","slug":"law-commission-advocates-retaining-criminal-defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/02\/02\/law-commission-advocates-retaining-criminal-defamation\/","title":{"rendered":"Law Commission advocates for retaining criminal defamation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Law Commission&#8217;s 285<span style=\"vertical-align: super;\">th<\/span> Report recommended the retention of criminal defamation as an offence within the scheme of criminal laws in the country.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The 22nd Law Commission took up the issue and review of the law relating to criminal defamation after a reference was received from the Ministry of Law &amp; Justice in 2017 seeking to examine the subject of Defamation laws and related issues. The law of criminal defamation is enumerated in Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">499<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">500<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">501<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561856\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">502<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (&#8216;IPC&#8217;).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Law Commission Report on Defamation traces the history of law on defamation, Indian law. It compared the right to reputation as against the freedom of speech and expression and also tracked down the judicial precedents.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">After a detailed comparative analysis of criminal defamation laws of Japan, China, Canada and European countries, as well as countries whereby the defamation has been criminalized, the Law Commission gave its concluding remarks. It stated that &#8220;Criminal defamation serves to protect reputation and dignity of individuals. Under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574926\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">19(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a>, reasonable restrictions can be imposed in relation to defamation for safeguarding the reputation of individuals. Criminal defamation acts as a deterrent against false and malicious statements, preventing damage to one&#8217;s reputation that civil remedies might not adequately address.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">While also considering the aspect of misuse of criminal defamation, but also discussed the necessity of criminal defamation to state that &#8220;One of the challenges in enforcing defamation laws is striking the right harmony among the two conflicting rights to free speech and an unharmed reputation.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Pointers in favour of retaining criminal defamation:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>Stronger Deterrent Effect<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Public Interest in protecting Reputation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Protecting Vulnerable Groups<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Inadequacy in Civil Defamation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Law Commission Report concluded that &#8220;It may be argued that criminal prosecution for defamatory statements is opposed to the right of freedom of speech and expression. However, the protection of reputation is not the only impetus behind criminalizing defamation as avoiding public disturbances is an equally important motivation. Publications that harm a person&#8217;s reputation are an inherent part of the political process in a democracy, and stifling the same would be endangering the political process.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It also pointed towards the inclusion of community service as an additional punishment under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, balancing the interest of victim and neutralizing the scope of misuse through an alternate punishment. It added that &#8220;The law acknowledges that harm to reputation is not only an attack on an individual, rather an imputation on the whole society, for which the perpetrator may be punished to serve the community as an act of remorse. Through introduction of this punishment, Indian law has shown the most balanced approach in protecting one&#8217;s reputation and speech too.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Report compared the right to reputation as against the freedom of speech and expression and also tracked down the judicial precedents.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67513,"featured_media":312888,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1188,2],"tags":[14761,43752,3622,13961,64968,6231,64967],"class_list":["post-312887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hot_off_the_press","category-news","tag-criminal-defamation","tag-criminal-laws","tag-defamation","tag-ipc","tag-ipc-defamation","tag-law-commission","tag-section-499"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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defamation law constitutionally valid; right to free speech does not mean the right to defame others","author":"Sucheta","date":"May 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Writing down the 268 pages long judgment where the constitutional validity of Sections 499 and 500 IPC and Sections 199(1) to 199(4) CrPC was upheld, the bench of Dipak Misra and P.C. Pant, JJ stated that it is difficult to come to a conclusion that the existence of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6714,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/07\/23\/necessity-for-decriminalizing-sections-499-and-500-of-ipc-defamation-discussed\/","url_meta":{"origin":312887,"position":1},"title":"Necessity for decriminalizing Sections 499 and 500 of IPC (defamation), discussed","author":"Sucheta","date":"July 23, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court: While discussing the need to decriminalize defamation in order to uphold the sacrosanct right of freedom of speech and expression, the Division Bench of V. Ramasubramanian and K. Ravichandrabaabu, JJ., observed that the question regarding the constitutionality of Sections 499 and 500 IPC is already before the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;High Courts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"High Courts","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/highcourts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":230011,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/05\/22\/madras-hc-state-cannot-launch-prosecution-under-s-1992-of-crpc-for-defamation-whimsically-without-any-application-of-mind\/","url_meta":{"origin":312887,"position":2},"title":"Madras HC | State cannot launch prosecution under S. 199(2) of CrPC for defamation whimsically, without any application of mind","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 22, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court: While answering important questions related to freedom of press; meaning of criminal defamation against the State and requisites of Section 199(2) of Criminal Procedure Code, the Single Judge Bench of Abdul Quddhose, J., observed that, application of mind by the State to the materials placed on record\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":233887,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/08\/13\/cal-hc-plea-of-absolute-privilege-protects-a-statement-in-civil-defamation-however-false-and-defamatory-it-may-be-even-though-made-with-malicious-motive\/","url_meta":{"origin":312887,"position":3},"title":"Cal HC | Plea of absolute privilege protects a statement in civil defamation, however false and defamatory it may be, even though made with malicious motive","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court:\u00a0Debangsu Basak, J., while addressing a matter with regard to defamation, observed that \"in a civil action for defamation, the plea of absolute privilege protects a statement as no action would lie for it, however false and defamatory it may be, even though, it was made maliciously and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":236911,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/08\/kar-hc-%e2%94%82-whether-pleadings-in-trial-amount-to-publication-in-a-suit-for-defamation-court-discusses-nuances-to-s-500-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":312887,"position":4},"title":"Kar HC | Whether pleadings in trial amount to \u2018publication\u2019 in a suit for defamation; Court discusses nuances to S. 500 IPC \u00a0","author":"Editor","date":"October 8, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: H.B. Prabhakara Sastry, J., while allowing the criminal revision in part, remarked that, if the accused seeks to take defense of truth under Section 499 Penal Code, 1860, it is upon him to prove that the statements made are facts. \u00a0Brief Facts The present criminal revision is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":65991,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/09\/01\/rahul-gandhi-withdraws-his-petition-seeking-quashment-of-defamation-proceedings-against-him-before-the-bombay-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":312887,"position":5},"title":"Rahul Gandhi withdraws his petition seeking quashment of defamation proceedings against him before the Bombay High Court","author":"Sucheta","date":"September 1, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The Bench of Dipak Misra and R.F. Nariman, JJ allowed petitioner Rahul Gandhi to withdraw his Special Leave to Appeal seeking the quashment of the defamation proceedings against him for the statements made by him against the RSS. Kapil Sibal, appearing on behalf of the petitioner, submitted that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312887","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67513"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312887"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312887\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/312888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}