{"id":309191,"date":"2023-12-13T17:00:50","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T11:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=309191"},"modified":"2023-12-16T11:59:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-16T06:29:41","slug":"accused-right-free-fair-trial-prevails-over-police-right-to-privacy-punjab-haryana-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/13\/accused-right-free-fair-trial-prevails-over-police-right-to-privacy-punjab-haryana-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"Punjab and Haryana HC allows for production of electronic records as evidence for upholding free and fair trial under S. 91 of CrPC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Punjab & Haryana High Court:<\/span> In a challenge against the impugned order dated 11-09-2023 whereby the application filed by the petitioner under Section 91 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (‘Cr.P.C.’) for preserving call details records with location chart of the police officials who arrested the Petitioner was rejected by the Additional Sessions Judge, Harpreet Singh Brar, J., set aside the order and passed necessary orders for preserving and production of such details.<\/p>\n

BRIEF FACTS<\/p>\n

The petitioner contends that the husband of the petitioner, Satnam Singh made a complaint against the police officials on 12-09-2020 due to which they held a grudge against him. Satnam Singh was arrested and allegedly 4 grams 85 milligrams of heroin were planted on him, and a First Information Report (‘FIR’) was registered on 03-12-2021 under Section 21<\/a> of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985<\/a>, (‘NDPS Act’) at Police Station Sadar, Hisar.<\/p>\n

It is further contended by the petitioner that her husband was lifted from her house on 03-12-2021 at 10 a.m. in presence of the co-villagers and the recovery of alleged contraband was shown at a different location. The petitioner moved an application under Section 91 Cr.P.C. before the trial court for issuance of necessary direction to preserve call details and tower location details of the police officials at the relevant point of time. These details were extremely vital for proving that petitioner’s husband was not arrested at the time and place alleged by the investigating agency.<\/p>\n

The counsel for the state contended that production of call details and tower location of the police officials would expose the secret informers who help them by intercepting the anti-social elements and these details could not be made available for public in routine manner and it would put the witnesses in danger. They contended that the trial court has rightly rejected the application filed by the petitioner on cogent grounds.<\/p>\n

ANALYSIS OF THE JUDGMENT<\/p>\n

Purpose of such details<\/p>\n

The High Court noted that the trial court dismissed the application on the ground that the petitioner has not mentioned the purpose of collecting such details and hence without disclosing the necessity of such evidence, the application cannot be allowed.<\/p>\n

The court further said that a perusal of application filed by the petitioner suggests that the petitioner took a specific ground that her husband was taken by the police from their house in Village Peerawali on 03-12-2021 at 10 a.m. in the presence of the co-villagers and the necessity of the details requested was to prove that the prosecution witnesses were not present at the place and time of alleged recovery. Therefore, summoning of call details records of witnesses is essential.<\/p>\n

The Supreme Court in Suresh Kumar<\/span> v. Union of India<\/span>, 2015 (3) RCR (Criminal) 340, held that electronics records are admissible evidence in criminal trials and Section 65A and 65B of the Indian Evidence Act (‘IEA’) make such records admissible subject to the fulfilment of the requirements stipulated in 65B(4) of the said act. The court further said that “To that extent the appellant has every right to summon whatever is relevant and admissible in his defence including electronic record relevant to finding out the location of the officers effecting the arrest.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Issue of proper Adjudication<\/p>\n

For this issue the court analysed section 91(1) of Cr.P.C. which is as under:-<\/p>\n

“91. Summons to produce document or other thing.<\/p>\n

(1) Whenever any Court or any officer in charge of a police station considers that the production of any document or other thing is necessary or desirable for the purposes of any investigation, inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Code by or before such Court or officer, such Court may issue a summons, or such officer a written order, to the person in whose possession or power such document or thing is believed to be, requiring him to attend and produce it, or to produce it, at the time and place stated in the summons or order.<\/p>\n

The court said that the legislative intent behind this Section is to ensure that no cogent material or evidence involved in the issue remains undiscovered in unearthing the true facts during investigation, enquiry, trial or other proceedings. And in this case preserving of the details was necessary, otherwise the same would be lost forever.<\/p>\n

Right to Privacy vs. Right to life<\/p>\n

The court said that while passing the appropriate direction for preserving and production of the details requested under Section 91, Cr.P.C., Right to Privacy of the police officials would be violated but the rights of the accused under Article 21<\/a> of the Constitution of India<\/a> which ensures free and fair trial would prevail over the right to privacy of the police officials. Further, some extent of privacy can be breached for discovering the truth and rendering justice, which is fair to all stakeholders, the court said.<\/p>\n

Denial of records amounts to miscarriage of justice<\/p>\n

The court said that the denial of records to the accused by non-production of electronic records which is admissible under Section 65-A and 65-B of IEA would amount to miscarriage of justice. Section 91, Cr.P.C. helps in facilitating a fair and just resolution by ensuring relevant evidence is made available to the court for making informed decisions and arriving at a just and fair outcome and it empowers the Court to obtain vital documentary evidence from individuals or organizations, safeguarding against potential destruction, tampering, or loss of such crucial documents. This process is crucial in upholding the integrity of the judicial proceedings.”<\/p>\n

The court further said that the power granted by Section 91 of the Cr.P.C. aims to procure evidence crucial for uncovering the truth and achieving justice. However, accessing call details or tower locations must not violate the privacy rights of police officials solely based on the accused’s claim. Prior to ordering the production of such information, the accused must demonstrate the necessity and relevance of this evidence to establish their innocence or guilt in the case.<\/p>\n

The court added that as principles of natural justice are integral part of fair trial under Article 21<\/a> of the Constitution of India<\/a>, any denial of the best available evidence or effective and substantial hearing to accused in proving defence would amount to denial of free and fair trial.<\/p>\n

DECISION<\/p>\n

In view of the observations made, without going into the merits of the case, the impugned order dated 11-09-23, was set aside by the court. The trial court was directed to pass necessary directions under Section 91 Cr.P.C. for preserving and production of the call details\/tower location details of the phone numbers mentioned in Annexure A-1 attached with the application filed under Section 91 Cr.P.C. The petition stood disposed of.<\/p>\n

[Paramjit Kaur<\/span> v. State of Haryana<\/span>, 2023 SCC OnLine P&H 3534<\/a>, Decided on 04-12-2023<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

Counsel for the Petitioner: Advocate Amit Choudhary<\/p>\n

Counsel for the State: Ms. Geeta Sharma<\/p>\n

Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Code<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Constitution of India  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Constitution<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The High Court balanced the right to privacy of police officials with the accused’s right to a fair trial, emphasizing that accessing electronic records crucial for defence did not compromise the former unduly.“<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":292826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[14101,2670,9871,47763],"class_list":["post-309191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-fair-trial","tag-Punjab_and_Haryana_High_Court","tag-right-to-privacy","tag-rights-of-accused"],"yoast_head":"\nAccused's right to free and fair trial prevails over right to privacy of police: Punjab and Haryana HC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Punjab and Haryana High Court held that accused's right to free and fair trial 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approach","author":"Ridhi","date":"January 23, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Punjab and Haryana High Court pointed towards the irresponsible and callous approach of senior police officer who were also the members of SIT.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"punjab and haryana high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/punjab-and-haryana-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/punjab-and-haryana-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/punjab-and-haryana-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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petitioner virtually retired in 2018, but he is unable to get his retiral dues because of the FIR. He cannot be held guilty for non-adjudication of the FIR. The fault lies either with the Police Authorities or Public Prosecutor or Court Staff.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Punjab and Haryana High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":296695,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/13\/punjab-haryana-hc-person-claims-being-custody-beyond-2-years-police-say-never-was\/","url_meta":{"origin":309191,"position":4},"title":"\u2018Never been in custody\u2019, says Police for a person claiming to have spent 2 years in custody; P&H HC directs DGP to look into the matter","author":"Ridhi","date":"July 13, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Punjab and Haryana High Court perused the affidavit submitted by the Superintendent of Prison, according to which, the petitioner had already undergone custody of more than 2 years and 5 months.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"punjab and haryana high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/punjab-and-haryana-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/punjab-and-haryana-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/punjab-and-haryana-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/punjab-and-haryana-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":274149,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/21\/bail-poscoact-if-petitioner-guilty-tobeheldbya-courtoflaw-conductingtrial-right-earnest-duepromptitude-publicprosecutor-investigatingofficer-notperforming-duties-properly-punjabharyanahighcourt-l\/","url_meta":{"origin":309191,"position":5},"title":"Punjab and Haryana High Court put salaries of Public Prosecutor and Investigating officer on hold for failing to perform their duties; Grants bail to POCSO accused","author":"Editor","date":"September 21, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Punjab and Haryana High Court: While granting bail to the accused booked under Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (\u2018POCSO\u2019), Rajbir Sehrawat, J., stated that the accused cannot be forced to suffer incarceration without any effective proceedings being conducted against him by the Court. Facts: The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Punjab and Haryana High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/309191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=309191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/309191\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/292826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=309191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=309191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=309191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}