{"id":308475,"date":"2023-12-05T18:00:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T12:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=308475"},"modified":"2023-12-06T16:31:37","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T11:01:37","slug":"directions-for-investigation-u-s-1563-crpc-cannot-be-given-mechanically-by-magistrate-application-of-mind-must-dhc-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/05\/directions-for-investigation-u-s-1563-crpc-cannot-be-given-mechanically-by-magistrate-application-of-mind-must-dhc-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Directions for investigation u\/s 156(3) CrPC cannot be given mechanically by Magistrate; application of mind necessary: Delhi High Court"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Delhi High Court:<\/span> A petition was filed under Article 226 of the Constitution read with Section 482<\/a> of Criminal Procedure Code, 1973<\/a> (‘CrPC’) challenging the impugned order of Sessions Judge, Outer District, Delhi pronounced in revision petition filed against the order of Metropolitan Magistrate (‘MM’). Rajnish Bhatnagar, J.*<\/span>, opined that the directions for investigation under Section 156(3)<\/a> of CrPC<\/a> could not be given by the Magistrate mechanically and such a direction could be given only on application of mind by the Magistrate. Thus, the Court dismissed the petition on the ground that there was no miscarriage of justice or illegal approach adopted which needed correction by exercising inherent jurisdiction under Section 482<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

The petitioner filed an application under Section 156(3)<\/a> of CrPC<\/a> before MM to register FIR and to investigate a case as no action was taken on his complaints that he had given to the SHO against Respondents 1 to 3 and further the said complaint had been given to the DCP. The petitioner stated that Respondents 1 to 3 proposed him to start core binding business plan with an investment of Rs. 3.5 Lakhs and thus the petitioner invested an amount of Rs. 2,20,200 in instalments and allegedly got cheated by the respondents as thereafter Respondent 1 discontinued the contact with the petitioner and refused to give him the machine. Therefore, as no action was taken on the petitioner’s complaint, he moved an application under Section 156(3)<\/a> of CrPC<\/a> before the MM and the same was dismissed. The petitioner challenged MM’s order by filing a revision petition before the Court of Sessions. The Sessions Judge upheld MM’s order and dismissed the revision petition. Thus, the petitioner filed the present petition under Section 482<\/a> of CrPC<\/a> and Article 226 of Constitution challenging previous orders.<\/p>\n

Analysis and decision<\/p>\n

The issue before the Court was “whether the petitioner having already availed the remedy of revision, should be allowed to take recourse under Section 482<\/a> of CrPC<\/a> as a substitute for virtually initiating a second revisional challenge or scrutiny which was clearly barred under Section 397(3)<\/a> of the CrPC<\/a>?”<\/span>.<\/p>\n

While relying on Rajinder Prasad v. Bashir<\/span>, (2001) 8 SCC 522<\/a> where the Supreme Court referred to its earlier decision in Krishnan<\/span> v. Krishnaveni<\/span>, (1997) 4 SCC 241<\/a> regarding the applicability of Section 482<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>, and observed that the power of the High Court under Section 482<\/a> of CrPC<\/a> was wide but needed to be exercised sparingly and cautiously particularly in the case where revisional jurisdiction had already been invoked under Section 397<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the MM concluded that there was no need to invoke Section 156(3)<\/a> CrPC<\/a> for issuing directions to the SHO to register an FIR and the said conclusion was affirmed by the Court of Sessions.<\/p>\n

The Court also relied on Skipper Beverages Pvt. Ltd.<\/span> v. State<\/span>, 2001 SCC OnLine Del 448<\/a> and Ramdev Food Products (P) Ltd.<\/span> v. State of Gujarat<\/span>, (2015) 6 SCC 439<\/a> and observed that under Section 156(3)<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>, Magistrate was not bound to direct investigation by police and such direction could be given only on application of mind. It was also observed that each case must be viewed depending upon the facts and circumstances involved. The directions for investigation could not be granted even if all allegations made in the complaint constituted a cognizable offence and in cases where the complainant could prove the facts alleged in the complaint without assistance of police, then Magistrate might proceed under Section 200<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>. The Court opined that in the instant case, the facts were within the petitioner’s knowledge, which could be adduced during the inquiry conducted by the MM under Section 200<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>. Hence, Investigation was not required.<\/p>\n

The Court thus held that there was no special case to invoke the extraordinary jurisdiction under Section 482<\/a> of CrPC<\/a> or under Article 226 of the Constitution as there was no miscarriage of justice or illegality in the approach adopted by the MM or the Court of Sessions nor any such thing had been pointed out by the petitioner. Thus, the Court dismissed the petition as no palpable absurdity or perversity was found in impugned order which needed any correction by exercising inherent jurisdiction under Section 482<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[Anjuri Kumari v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2023 SCC OnLine Del 7570<\/a>, decided on 29-11-2023<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment authored by: Justice Rajnish Bhatnagar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the Petitioner: Jai Subhash Thakur, Advocate<\/p>\n

For the Respondents: Sanjay Lao, Standing Counsel with Priyam Aggarwal, Shivesh Kaushik and Abhinav Kumar Arya, Advocates<\/p>\n

Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Code<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Magistrate is not bound to direct investigation by police even if all allegations made in complaint disclose ingredients of cognizable offence. Each case must be viewed depending upon facts and circumstances involved therein.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":303940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[14411,58852,6881,2543,26354,3067,63248,2583,3951,2538,63249,31560,21224],"class_list":["post-308475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-application-of-mind","tag-circumstances","tag-complaint","tag-Delhi_High_Court","tag-directions","tag-FIR","tag-inherent","tag-Investigation","tag-justice","tag-Magistrate","tag-mechanically","tag-section-156-crpc","tag-section-1563-crpc"],"yoast_head":"\nDirections for investigation u\/s 156(3) CrPC cannot be given mechanically by Magistrate; application of mind necessary: Delhi HC | SCC Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Delhi High Court held that directions for investigation under Section 156(3) of CrPC could not be given mechanically by Magistrate as application of mind was must.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/05\/directions-for-investigation-u-s-1563-crpc-cannot-be-given-mechanically-by-magistrate-application-of-mind-must-dhc-legal-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Directions for investigation u\/s 156(3) CrPC cannot be given mechanically by Magistrate; 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Phaneendra,J. held that direction of investigation under Section 156(3) warrants application of judicial mind. Litigant cannot\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":181944,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/01\/17\/applications-s-1563-crpc-supported-affidavit-duly-sworn-applicant\/","url_meta":{"origin":308475,"position":1},"title":"Applications under S. 156(3) CrPC are to be supported by an affidavit duly sworn in by applicant","author":"Saba","date":"January 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: A Single Judge Bench comprising of K.N. Phaneendra, J., decided a criminal petition filed under Section 482 of CrPC, wherein it quashed the order passed by the learned Magistrate under Section 156(3) of CrPC directing investigation in a criminal case. The respondent-applicant had filed a private complaint\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":340890,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/02\/10\/for-ordering-investigation-under-s-1753-bnss-magistrate-to-hear-police-officer-for-reasoned-order-orissa-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":308475,"position":2},"title":"Magistrate must hear Police Officer and pass reasoned order before ordering investigation under S. 175(3) of BNSS : Orissa HC reiterates","author":"Editor","date":"February 10, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cIf the allegations made in the complaint are simple, where the Court can straight away proceed to conduct the trial, the Magistrate is expected to record evidence and proceed further in the matter, instead of passing the buck to the police under Section 156(3) of the CrPC.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Orissa High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Orissa-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Orissa-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Orissa-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Orissa-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":371866,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/06\/magistrate-ordered-investigation-section-175-3-bnss-analysis\/","url_meta":{"origin":308475,"position":3},"title":"Analysis of Magistrate Ordered Investigations under the BNSS","author":"Editor","date":"January 6, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"by Aditya Malhotra* and Pranay Maladi**","rel":"","context":"In "Experts Corner"","block_context":{"text":"Experts Corner","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/experts_corner\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Section 175(3) BNSS Magistrate-Ordered Investigation","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/blog-25-14.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/blog-25-14.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/blog-25-14.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/blog-25-14.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":357120,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/20\/ph-hc-refuses-to-quash-defamation-case-against-tv-today-network\/","url_meta":{"origin":308475,"position":4},"title":"Punjab and Haryana High Court dismisses petition to set aside defamation case against TV Today Network","author":"Editor","date":"August 20, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"It remains undisputed on record that the complaint filed by Respondent 2 has disclosed commission of non-cognizable offence by the TV Today Network.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"defamation case against TV Today","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/defamation-case-against-TV-Today.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/defamation-case-against-TV-Today.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/defamation-case-against-TV-Today.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/defamation-case-against-TV-Today.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":224452,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/01\/23\/cal-hc-rejection-of-complaint-under-s-1563-crpc-by-magistrate-without-taking-cognizance-under-s-1901a-is-an-error-in-law-correct-approach-explained\/","url_meta":{"origin":308475,"position":5},"title":"Cal HC | Rejection of complaint under S. 156(3) CrPC by Magistrate without taking cognizance under S. 190(1)(a) is an error in law; correct approach explained","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 23, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court:\u00a0Madhumati Mitra, J., allowed a criminal revision application filed against the order of the Magistrate whereby he had rejected the petitioner's prayer under Section 156(3) CrPC to send the petition of complaint to the officer-in-charge of the police station for treating the same as first information report. 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