{"id":308129,"date":"2023-12-01T09:00:49","date_gmt":"2023-12-01T03:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=308129"},"modified":"2023-12-06T17:36:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:06:53","slug":"cal-hc-set-asides-conviction-for-rape-due-to-lack-of-corroborative-evidence-and-witness-discrepancies-scc-blog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/01\/cal-hc-set-asides-conviction-for-rape-due-to-lack-of-corroborative-evidence-and-witness-discrepancies-scc-blog\/","title":{"rendered":"Calcutta High Court Sets aside conviction for Rape due to lack of corroborative evidence and witness discrepancies"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Calcutta High Court:<\/span> In an appeal against the judgment and order of conviction passed by the Additional Sessions Judge for commission of offence punishable under Sections 448<\/a>\/376<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (IPC), a single-judge bench comprising of Ananya Bandyopadhyay,* J.<\/span>, found discrepancies, lack of corroboration, and potential malicious intent in the present case and therefore allowed the appeal, and the conviction was set aside. The Court emphasised the need for caution in accepting the sole testimony of the prosecutrix when circumstances are improbable.<\/p>\n

Brief Facts<\/p>\n

In the instant matter the appellant was convicted for offences under Sections 448<\/a> and 376<\/a> IPC<\/a> related to an incident on 17-11-2006. The victim, in her complaint, alleged that the appellant forcibly entered her room, raped her, and fled. She reported the incident to her family later due to shame. A case was registered under Sections 448<\/a>\/376<\/a> IPC<\/a>, and charges were framed after investigation. The trial court convicted the appellant, sentencing him to one year for Section 448 and seven years for Section 376, with fines.<\/p>\n

The appellant preferred an appeal on the grounds that the victim’s testimony and other evidence lack reliability and consistency, discrepancies in statements of prosecution witnesses, lack of corroboration and lapses in the investigation process and possible motive due to family disputes and failed negotiations.<\/p>\n

Key Testimonies<\/p>\n

Victim:<\/span> Deposed about the alleged rape, delay in reporting due to shame. Discrepancies in statements regarding breastfeeding during the incident.<\/p>\n

Victim’s Mother-in-law:<\/span> Confirmed delay in reporting due to fear of social ostracization and mentioned efforts for settlement, implying possible motive.<\/p>\n

Hostile Witness:<\/span> Described a quarrel between the appellant’s son and another family member, not mentioning rape accusations initially.<\/p>\n

Gynecologist:<\/span> Examined the victim but did not explicitly mention “rape” in the report.<\/p>\n

Investigating Officer:<\/span> Collected evidence, but gaps in investigation highlighted during cross-examination.<\/p>\n

Court’s Observation<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Reliability of Prosecutrix’s Testimony:<\/span> Citing Raju<\/span> v. State of M.P.<\/span>, (2008) 15 SCC 133<\/a>, the Court acknowledged the credibility of a victim’s testimony in sexual assault cases, emphasizing that corroboration may not be necessary. Although the Court placed reliance on the testimony of the prosecutrix in rape cases, but caution advised in evaluating the reliability of evidence.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Evaluation of sole testimony:<\/span> Quoting Sadashiv Ramrao Hadbe<\/span> v. State of Maharashtra<\/span>, (2006) 10 SCC 92<\/a>, the Court stated that in rape cases, the accused could be convicted based on the sole testimony of the prosecutrix if found credible. The Court observed that the Courts should be careful in accepting sole testimony if the case is improbable or unlikely.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Discrepancies and inconsistencies:<\/span> Citing State of Rajasthan<\/span> v. Babu Meena<\/span>, (2013) 4 SCC 206<\/a>, the Court recognised the importance of credibility in the absence of corroboration. The Court highlighted discrepancies in the victim’s statements, especially related to breastfeeding and the immediate aftermath of the incident.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Lapses in Investigation:<\/span> The Court criticised lapses in the investigation, including the absence of examination of minor children present during the incident. The Court also noted the absence of forensic reports on the victim’s clothing and semen analysis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Enmity and Motive:<\/span> The Court emphasised on the enmity between the parties, the appellant’s refusal to negotiate, and the possibility of false implication.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Court’s Decision<\/p>\n

    The appeal is allowed, and the conviction is set aside. The Court found the prosecution failed to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt due to inconsistencies, lack of corroboration, and potential motives. The judgment and order of conviction are overturned. No order as to costs. The Court appreciated the assistance of the Amicus Curiae.<\/p>\n

    [Bhagbat Gorain<\/span> v. State of W.B.<\/span>, 2023 SCC OnLine Cal 4735<\/a>, order dated 28-11-2023<\/span>]<\/p>\n

    *Judgment by Justice Ananya Bandyopadhyay<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

    Mr. Ramashis Mukherjee, Counsel for the Amicus Curiae<\/p>\n

    Mr. Avishek Sinha, Counsel for the State<\/p>\n

    Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

    \"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    While emphasising on the reliability of the prosecutrix’s testimony, the Calcutta High Court cautioned against its universal application and highlighted the need for evaluation based on the case’s circumstances.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67514,"featured_media":290502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[4561,2689,63115,63116,24914,63118,2572,39256,63117],"class_list":["post-308129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-acquittal","tag-Calcutta_High_Court","tag-justice-ananya-bandyopadhyay","tag-lack-of-corroborative-evidence","tag-motive","tag-prosecutrixs-testimony","tag-Rape","tag-sole-testimony","tag-witness-discrepancies"],"yoast_head":"\nCalcutta High Court set asides conviction for Rape due to lack of corroborative 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HC | In rape\/sexual assault cases, evidence of the victim alone is sufficient for conviction or corroborative witnesses is a necessity? 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Court clarifies","author":"Editor","date":"December 24, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Court of Appeal of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: The Division Bench of Devika Abeyratne and P. \u00a0Kumararatnam, JJ., allowed an appeal and set aside the conviction and the sentence acquitting the appellant from charges of bribery on account of inconsistent evidence produced. In this case, the Director\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240766,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/16\/ori-hc-conviction-under-attempt-to-rape-held-in-1990-was-set-aside-in-2020-due-to-lack-of-clear-evidence-appeal-allowed-partly\/","url_meta":{"origin":308129,"position":2},"title":"Ori HC | Conviction under attempt to rape held in 1990 was set aside in 2020 due to lack of clear evidence; Appeal allowed partly","author":"Editor","date":"December 16, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Orissa High Court: S.K. Sahoo J. allowed the appeal in part setting aside conviction under Sections 376\/511, 354 and 457 of\u00a0 Penal Code, 1860 and upholding conviction under Section 448 IPC. The facts of the case are such that on 03-10-1989 at about 9.30 p.m. while the victim\/informant was sleeping\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":266717,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/11\/minor-contradictions-or-insignificant-discrepancies-in-the-statement-of-a-prosecutrix-should-not-be-a-ground-for-throwing-out-an-otherwise-reliable-prosecution-case-uttaranchal-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":308129,"position":3},"title":"Utt HC | Minor contradictions or insignificant discrepancies in the statement of a prosecutrix should not be a ground for throwing out an otherwise reliable prosecution case; appeal dismissed in POCSO matter","author":"Editor","date":"May 11, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Uttaranchal High Court: Ramesh Chandra Khulbe, J. dismissed a criminal appeal which was filed from jail assailing the judgment and order whereby the Trial Court had convicted and sentenced the appellant on the counts of Sections 376, 377, 506 Penal Code and Section 6 of POCSO Act. Victim, who was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":217136,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/22\/sikk-hc-lack-of-injury-on-genitals-of-victim-not-conclusive-proof-of-non-commission-of-rape-ocular-testimony-of-victim-has-greater-evidentiary-value-vis-a-vis-medical-evidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":308129,"position":4},"title":"Sikk HC | Lack of injury on genitals of victim not conclusive proof of non-commission of rape \u2013 ocular testimony of victim has greater evidentiary value vis-a-vis medical evidence","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 22, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Sikkim High Court: Bhaskar Raj Pradhan, J. hearing a criminal appeal filed by a person convicted of rape and sexual assault under Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter 'IPC') and Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (hereinafter 'POCSO'), partly allowed the appeal and set aside conviction under POCSO Act on\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6474,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/02\/20\/court-upheld-10-years-imprisonment-awarded-to-the-accused-for-committing-rape-on-the-sole-testimony-of-5-years-old-victim\/","url_meta":{"origin":308129,"position":5},"title":"Court upheld 10 years imprisonment awarded to the accused for committing rape, on the sole testimony of 5 years old victim","author":"Sucheta","date":"February 20, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: In an another horrifying incident of rape, where a 5 year old girl was subjected to rape by the accused, the Court upheld the sentence of 10 years imprisonment under Section 376(2) (f) of the Penal Code. The Court in this case discussed the issue, whether a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "High Courts"","block_context":{"text":"High Courts","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/highcourts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67514"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=308129"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308129\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/290502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=308129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=308129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=308129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}