{"id":305238,"date":"2023-10-19T12:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T06:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=305238"},"modified":"2023-10-26T10:17:56","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T04:47:56","slug":"court-has-wide-discretion-to-interpret-what-is-cruelty-literally-and-contextually-calcutta-hc-scc-blog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/10\/19\/court-has-wide-discretion-to-interpret-what-is-cruelty-literally-and-contextually-calcutta-hc-scc-blog\/","title":{"rendered":"Court has wide discretion to interpret \u2018What is cruelty\u2019, literally and contextually: Calcutta High Court upholds divorce on ground of \u2018Cruelty\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Calcutta High Court:<\/span> In an appeal against the divorce and custody proceedings, a division bench comprising of Siddhartha Roy Chowdhury*<\/span> and Soumen Sen, JJ., held the husband’s behavior, such as withdrawing from the company of his wife, living separately in the same house, and subjecting her to physical and mental abuse, amounted to cruelty and therefore, case of divorce is proved. Regarding custody of the child, the Court held that the husband is not a fit person to have custody due to his non-payment of maintenance and lack of cooperation.<\/p>\n

Factual Matrix<\/p>\n

In the instant matter, the respondent-wife filed a petition under Section 13<\/a> of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955<\/a>, before the Additional District Judge at Sealdah. Both the parties married on 18-02-2005 following Hindu rituals and various articles and gifts were exchanged during the marriage, including gold ornaments worth Rs. 5,00,000\/-.<\/p>\n

After the wedding, the wife discovered that appellant-husband had acute asthma, which was not disclosed during negotiations. The couple moved to Bangalore, where wife got a job at Manipal Hospital. The husband insisted on her salary being deposited in a joint account, and she was forced to quit her job.<\/p>\n

The wife faced physical abuse from husband and was not allowed to participate in her employer’s training program. The husband’s mother did not support the wife, and she was pressured to leave the marriage. The wife was even asked to fetch money from her father to buy a flat in Bangalore, leading to a confrontation.<\/p>\n

In January 2006, the wife found a lump in her breast, but the husband did not support her through. When the wife became pregnant, and the child was diagnosed with a cleft lip requiring surgery, the husband refused to share household expenses and started living separately within the same house.<\/p>\n

After being subjected to continuous emotional and physical abuse, the wife filed a complaint with the police in May 2009, resulting in the husband’s arrest and release on bail. The wife filed a maintenance claim, later withdrawn as she secured a job. She then filed for divorce under Section 13(1) of the Hindu Marriage Act, citing cruelty.<\/p>\n

Trial Court’s Decision<\/p>\n

The trial court found that the husband’s failure to challenge wife’s testimony constituted an admission and held that husband had subjected wife to cruelty and granted her a divorce. Aggrieved by the trial court’s order husband filed an appeal challenging the same.<\/p>\n

Court’s Observation<\/p>\n

The Court observed that the husband had failed to contest the suit properly and that his conduct indicated an intention to prolong the litigation. Since the husband had not submitted a written note of argument or made submissions on merit, the court proceeded to decide the appeal without further adjournment.<\/p>\n

Cruelty<\/p>\n

The Court found his behavior to be evidence of cruelty. The Court held that “cruelty” is a wide concept, dependent on various factors, including upbringing, education, and social status. It was opined that husband’s withdrawal from wife’s company and separate living arrangements within the same house constituted cruelty.<\/p>\n

“‘Cruelty’ has not been defined in statute and it gives a very wide discretion to the Court to apply it literally and contextually. What is cruelty to one may not be cruelty to other; it depends upon the upbringing, education and social strata to which the parties belong, their ways of life temperament and emotion that have been conditioned by their social status.”<\/p>\n

The Court concluded that the husband exhibited patriarchal insensitivity and disrespect for his wife, making it detrimental for wife’s mental and physical health to continue the marriage.<\/p>\n

The Court referenced Supreme Court rulings and precedents on cruelty, emphasizing that the Court’s duty is to understand the parties as they are and consider their grievances.<\/p>\n

Child Custody and Maintenance<\/p>\n

The Court dined husband’s application for custody of the child as he failed to pay maintenance for the child and neglected to submit a required affidavit. The Court opined that the husband’s inaction and non-compliance with the Court’s orders demonstrated his apathy towards his child. The Court found him unfit for child custody and ordered him to clear the arrears of maintenance within four weeks.<\/p>\n

Court’s Decision<\/p>\n

The Court dismissed the appeal and directed the husband to pay court costs of Rs. 2,00,000\/- to the Calcutta High Court Legal Services Committee. The Court directed the husband to pay the arrears of maintenance for the child within four weeks, or the wife could execute the order for payment.<\/p>\n

[Manojit Basu<\/span> v. Shyamasree Basu<\/span>, 2023 SCC OnLine Cal 3701<\/a>, order dated 17-10-2023<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment by Justice Siddhartha Roy Chowdhury<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

Manojit Basu, Appellant in person<\/p>\n

Mr. Debasish Roy, Ms. Sumitra Das, Counsel for the Respondent<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With regards to custody of the child, the Calcutta High Court after considering the paramount welfare of the child, held the husband is not fit person for custody.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67514,"featured_media":290502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2689,2570,3227,2846,60572,60401,2863],"class_list":["post-305238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Calcutta_High_Court","tag-Cruelty","tag-custody","tag-divorce","tag-justice-siddhartha-roy-chowdhury","tag-justice-soumen-sen","tag-maintenance"],"yoast_head":"\nCourt has wide discretion to interpret 'What is cruelty', literally and contextually: Calcutta High Court | SCC Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While upholding the divorce on ground of 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High Court | Infertility cannot be a ground for divorce","author":"Editor","date":"January 20, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Dismissing the revision petition filed for quashing of FIR and criminal proceeding against the petitioner\/husband, the Court held that prima facie case of a cognizable offence of cruelty can be make out against the petitioner\/husband therefore inherit power of High Court under S. 482 CrPC cannot be exercised.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Calcutta High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image95.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":246560,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/04\/08\/illicit-relationship\/","url_meta":{"origin":305238,"position":1},"title":"[Cruelty by Wife] Cal HC | Reckless allegations against husband corroborated by daughter. Affidavit of daughter how far can corroborate husband’s allegations? Court determines while confirming divorce decree against wife","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 8, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court: A Division Bench of Arindam Sinha and Suvra Ghosh, JJ. confirmed a decree of divorce passed in favour of the husband by the trial court on grounds of cruelty by the wife. The instant appeal, dismissed by the High Court, was preferred by the wife against the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":91831,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/12\/12\/withdrawal-of-consent-from-a-settlement-for-divorce-without-any-cogent-cause-amounts-to-cruelty\/","url_meta":{"origin":305238,"position":2},"title":"Withdrawal of consent from a settlement for divorce, without any cogent cause, amounts to cruelty","author":"Saba","date":"December 12, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: While upholding the impugned judgment of the Family Court granting divorce to the\u00a0parties, the Division Bench of Pradeep Nandrajog, Yogesh Khanna, JJ. found that the unilateral\u00a0withdrawal of consent by the appellant from a settlement deed for divorce by mutual consent, without\u00a0any sufficient cause, amounted to mental cruelty.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":257037,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/11\/12\/cruelty-by-wife\/","url_meta":{"origin":305238,"position":3},"title":"Cruelty by Wife | Wife made serious criminal allegations against husband and his parents but couldn’t prove: Would this amount to cruelty against husband to grant divorce? Del HC answers","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 12, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: While addressing a matrimonial matter wherein a wife caused cruelty to husband, Division Bench of Vipin Sanghi and Jasmeet Singh, JJ., expressed that, For a man to see his parents to be taken into custody and being incarcerated even for a single day would have caused immense\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":299941,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/24\/chhatisgarh-hc-excessive-drinking-habit-by-the-husband-amounts-to-mental-cruelty-against-wife\/","url_meta":{"origin":305238,"position":4},"title":"Excessive drinking habit by the husband amounts to mental cruelty against wife and the entire family: Chhattisgarh High Court","author":"Editor","date":"August 24, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe concept of maintenance grant was to ensure that the wife and the children of the husband were not left in a state of destitution after the divorce .\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"chhattisgarh high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/chhattisgarh-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/chhattisgarh-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/chhattisgarh-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/chhattisgarh-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":241383,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/28\/2020-wrap-up-family-law-allied-provisions\/","url_meta":{"origin":305238,"position":5},"title":"2020 Wrap-Up — Family Law & Allied Provisions","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 28, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"In our series of 2020 wrap-ups, let's revisit and take a dive at some of our stories on family laws and how different High Courts dealt with the same involving some very significant rulings. We have listed down Case briefs under sub-categories, of our coverage under the Family Law and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Banking and Negotiable Instruments"","block_context":{"text":"Banking and Negotiable Instruments","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/banking-and-negotiable-instruments\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wrap-Up-2020.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wrap-Up-2020.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wrap-Up-2020.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wrap-Up-2020.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Wrap-Up-2020.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67514"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=305238"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305238\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/290502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=305238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=305238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=305238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}