{"id":297138,"date":"2023-07-19T09:00:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T03:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=297138"},"modified":"2023-07-27T09:58:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:28:06","slug":"detenu-hardened-criminal-smuggler-constitution-mandates-representation-without-delay-jharkhand-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/19\/detenu-hardened-criminal-smuggler-constitution-mandates-representation-without-delay-jharkhand-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"Detenu may be hardened criminal or a smuggler, but Constitution mandates decision on representation without any delay: Jharkhand High Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><b>Jharkhand High Court:<\/b> In a petition challenging order of preventive detention passed by District Magistrate-cum-Deputy Commissioner on 16-09-2022 under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9000063933\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">12(2)<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9000063966\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jharkhand Control of Crimes Act, 2002<\/a> and the confirmation order dated 22-11-2022 signed by the Department of Home, Prison and Disaster Management of Jharkhand approving preventive detention of the petitioner for 3 months, the Division Bench of Shree Chandrashekhar and Ratnaker Bhengra, JJ. quashed the said orders.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court mentioned the history of the instant petition which reflected almost 6 months&#8217; delay on part of the petitioner, and highlighted the petitioner giving an impression before the Supreme Court as if the petition was not being heard by the High Court. The Court gave a reality check for the petitioner that &#8220;the exercise of powers under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">226<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a> is discretionary and must necessarily depend upon the unblameworthy conduct of the person seeking relief. Therefore, the doctrine of laches can be invoked to deny relief to a person if he fails to put forth a plausible and acceptable explanation to the Court.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">However, the Court decided to examine the instant matter considering the safeguard provided to a detenu under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution of India<\/a>. It was contended by the petitioner that there was an inordinate and unexplained delay in deciding his representation dated 26-10-2022 which violated his right as a detenu under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">22(5)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">As per the counter-affidavit filed on behalf of the State Police, the petitioner was described as an anti-social element whose main profession was illegal mining and extortion and was also involved in gang wars being involved in 6 criminal cases facing serious allegations of attempt to murder, extortion, illegal possession of stolen property, offences under SC\/ST Act, Jharkhand Mines and Minerals Act, 2004 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002775593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arms Act, 1959<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It was further highlighted by the Court that the counter-affidavit by the Department of Home, Prison and Disaster Management reflected that the order of preventive detention of 16-09-2022 was approved by the government on 27-09-2022 and the Advisory Board through proceeding dated 1-11-2022 clarified that there was sufficient cause for the petitioner&#8217;s detention. His representation was received in the Department on 3-11-2022 and rejection order was issued on 15-12-2022.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court hinted towards the powers to legislate preventive detention laws under Entry 9 of List I of Schedule VII empowering the Union Legislature and Entry 3 in List III of Schedule VII empowering the Union and State Legislatures. It further pointed out the Constituent Assembly debates wherein, the interest of State was given precedence over liberty of an individual but thought it necessary to make such powers subject to certain Constitutional safeguards.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court explained Section 17 of Crimes Control Act which gives right to the detenu to make representation against the order of preventive detention, provisions only being a reiteration of the Constitutional remedy under Article 22(5). The Court relied on <i>Amir Shad Khan<\/i> v. <i>L. Hmingliana<\/i>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/IJePMI6u\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1991) 4 SCC 39<\/a> wherein the Court held that &#8220;right to make a representation against the detention order thus flows from the Constitutional guarantee enshrined in Article 22(5) which casts an obligation on the authority to ensure that the detenu is afforded the earliest opportunity to exercise that right, if he so desires&#8221;. It further referred to <i>Jayanarayan Sukul<\/i> v. <i>State of W.B.<\/i>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/3h3xuFl4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1970) 1 SCC 219<\/a> wherein, the Court stated four principles to be followed regarding representation of detenus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held the inordinate and unexplained delay in disposal of representation made by the detenu against the preventive detention order of 16-09-2022 illegal and unconstitutional. The Court directed that the continued detention of the detenu must end forthwith. It explained that a glance at order dated 15-12-2022 made it clear that the petitioner&#8217;s representation was decided by the Under Secretary, Department of Home, Prison and Disaster Management, who was not the competent authority under the Crimes Control Act. The Court brought forth that Section 12 of Crimes Control Act empowered the District Magistrate as competent authority to detain a person on the ground of maintaining public order, however, the reports of Sub-Divisional Police Officer and Superintendent of Police were made the foundation for passing preventive detention order against the petitioner.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court rejected any justification on part of the State regarding delay of at least 50 days on the ground that the matter was &#8216;under the process&#8217; and commented that &#8220;even where the order of preventive detention reflects proper application of mind inasmuch as the detention order records the reason for detention any violation of the Constitutional safeguards shall render the preventive detention order illegal.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court explained the legal position that &#8220;the detenu may be a criminal, a hardened criminal or a smuggler but having regard to the Constitutional mandate it is imperative that his representation is decided at the earliest without any delay.&#8221; The Court knocked over the certainty in law regarding unreasonable delay in considering a detenu&#8217;s representation having the effect of invalidating the order of preventive detention, and the State government being the authority concerned being bound to consider the detenu&#8217;s representation for the purpose of preventive detention matters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court relied on <i>State of U.P.<\/i> v. <i>Neeraj Awasthi<\/i>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/5J9Tq9OH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2006) 1 SCC 667<\/a> wherein, the directions issued by a State officer, which were not established to have been issued pursuant to any decision taken by the competent authority in terms of the Rules of Executive Business of the State framed under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574900\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">166<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a> have been held illegal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court pointed out that the records reflect the absence of application of mind by the Departmental Minister who simply accorded his approval to the proposal prepared by the Department of Home, Prison and Disaster Management, whose act was also held responsible which seriously affected the Constitutional right of the detenu, for which reason as well, the order dated 15-12-2022 was rendered illegal. The Court held their acts in abdication of the official duty and a reflection of lack of devotion to duty warranting initiation of a departmental proceeding.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court relied upon the settled law that &#8220;if the initial action is not in consonance with law no subsequent proceeding can be validated by any means&#8221; as held in the case of <i>Mangal Prasad Tamoli<\/i> v. <i>Narvadeshwar Mishra<\/i>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/HZMxd2Bm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2005) 3 SCC 422<\/a> that &#8220;if an order at the initial stage is bad in law then all further proceedings consequent thereto shall be non est and have to be necessarily set-aside.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court said that because the initial order of preventive detention was already held invalid, the subsequent orders issued by amending the original order also became bad in law as through order dated 16-09-2022 on account of unexplained delay in disposal of representation of the petitioner and the procedural illegalities, therefore liable to be quashed. The Court also quashed the orders dated 15-12-2022 and 15-03-2023 by which preventive detention of the petitioner was extended and ordered the release of the petitioner.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Ashok Yadav v. State of Jharkhand, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/kh3PO1rx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine Jhar 1038<\/a>, decided on 14-07-2023<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Judgment by: Justice Shree Chandrashekhar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">For Petitioner: Advocate Vimal Kirti Singh, Advocate Manjusha Priya, Advocate Ujjal Choudhary, Advocate Siddhartha Gautma;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">For State: Mrinal Kanti Roy GA-I, Chandan Tiwari, AC to GA-I.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Constitution of India &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/constitution-of-india-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Constitution of India\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/constitution-of-india-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/constitution-of-india-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/constitution-of-india-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/constitution-of-india-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/constitution-of-india.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/constitution-of-india-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><i>Jharkhand High Court rejected any justification on part of the State regarding delay of at least 50 days on the ground that the matter was &#8216;under the process&#8217;.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67513,"featured_media":295502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[19471,30503,59454,5791,3117,32215],"class_list":["post-297138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-constitution","tag-detenu","tag-hardened-criminal","tag-jharkhand-high-court","tag-Preventive_Detention","tag-representation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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delay in considering detenu&#8217;s representation is fatal to continued detention; Bombay High Court quashes preventive detention order","author":"Editor","date":"November 18, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: In a preventive detention case, the Division Bench of A.S. Gadkari and Milind N. Jadhav, JJ., held that any unreasonable and unexplainable delay in considering the representation of the detenu is fatal to the continued detention of the detenu. By the instant Petition, the petitioner had challenged\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":251102,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/07\/09\/preventive-detention\/","url_meta":{"origin":297138,"position":1},"title":"[Preventive Detention] Kar HC | Non-consideration of representation at the earliest opportunity could lead to release of detenu; Guidelines\/Directions issued","author":"Editor","date":"July 9, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: A Division Bench of B V Nagarathna and Hanchate Sanjeev Kumar, JJ. allowed the petition and directed the release of the petitioner. The facts of the case are such that the petitioner is a resident of Bengaluru and owing to financial difficulties, he was constrained to discontinue\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":236917,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/08\/j-writ-petition-dismissed\/","url_meta":{"origin":297138,"position":2},"title":"J&#038;K HC | &#8216;Subjective satisfaction of a detaining authority to detain a person is not open to objective assessment by a Court\u02bc; Writ Petition dismissed\u00a0","author":"Editor","date":"October 8, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Jammu and Kashmir High Court: Tashi Rabstan, J., while dismissing a criminal writ petition seeking to challenge the grounds preferred for detention, said, \u201cA Court is not a proper forum to scrutinize the merits of administrative decision to detain a person.\u201d Brief Facts Petitioner in the instant case was arrested\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":338204,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/12\/31\/jharkhand-hc-sets-aside-preventive-detention-order-says-citizen-liberty-cannot-be-curtailed-whims-wishes-of-state-officials-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":297138,"position":3},"title":"\u2018A citizen\u2019s liberty cannot be curtailed on whims and wishes of State officials\u2019; Jharkhand HC sets aside preventive detention order under Jharkhand Control of Crimes Act, 2002","author":"Editor","date":"December 31, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u2018Liberty of a citizen of the country must be kept at the highest pedestal and there must be impeccable evidence to curtail the 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