{"id":295268,"date":"2023-06-23T14:00:30","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T08:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=295268"},"modified":"2023-07-07T09:42:01","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T04:12:01","slug":"section61a-southafrican-citizenship-act-unconstitutional-za-legalnews","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/23\/section61a-southafrican-citizenship-act-unconstitutional-za-legalnews\/","title":{"rendered":"[South Africa] Supreme Court of Appeal strikes down Section 6(1)(a) of South African Citizenship Act; Orders for restoration of Citizenship in absence of no express provision of dual citizenship"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa:<\/b> The Five Judges Bench comprising of Zondi<\/b>*, Schippers, Matojane, Kathreeesetiloane and Unterhalter, JJ., unanimously struck down Section 6(1)(a) of the South African Citizenship Act, 1995 (‘Act’) as arbitrary and interfering with the constitutional rights; and emphasised on the importance of protecting right to citizenship to prevent negative impacts on citizens’ quality of life.<\/p>\n

The case is concerned with the constitutionality of the Section 6(1)(a) of the Act which provides that adult citizens will ‘automatically’ loose their South African citizenship if they voluntarily take up citizenship of another country without first obtaining ministerial permission to retain the citizenship. The petitioner contended that the provision is irrational and arbitrary and infringes constitutional rights. The Respondents submitted that the provision was enacted to serve a legitimate government purpose which is to regulate the acquisition and loss of citizenship and the Constitution allows Parliament to enact such provisions.<\/p>\n

Decision of the High Court<\/b><\/p>\n

Accepting the Respondent’s argument, the High Court held that the provision deals with voluntary act of acquiring citizenship of another country without availing the right to ministerial application. Further, it noted that Section 6(1)(a) was enacted to serve legitimate government purpose of acquisitions and loss of citizenship and it carefully balances the choice of individuals with the interest of State and public purpose.<\/p>\n

The Court also held, that the provision falls under Section 3(3) of the Constitution which provides for the parliament to enact legislation for acquisition and loss of citizenship and does lead to any interference with the Constitutional rights.<\/p>\n

Issues for consideration<\/b><\/p>\n

There were two issues for consideration before the court. First, whether Section 6(1)(a) of the Act is inconsistent with the Constitution and second, whether the impugned Section infringes any right in the Bill of Rights.<\/p>\n

Decision by the Supreme Court of Appeal<\/b><\/p>\n

The Supreme Court of Appeal held, that the High Court was unable to provide explanation as to why State can automatically strip citizenship merely because they acquired the citizenship of another country. This is more so when the Parliament does not have any hostile policy towards dual citizenship. Further, it rejected the High Court’s reasoning that the provision servers legitimate government function. It opined that ‘regulation of acquisition and loss of citizenship’ is the general function of the Act, and does not serves as a legitimate purpose the government sought to achieve by enforcing above restriction on right to citizenship.<\/p>\n

Rejecting the respondent’s contentions that the citizens are free to apply to the minister concerned for retention of citizenship, the court held that it amounts to arbitrary discretionary power to the minister and compounds irrationality of the provision.<\/p>\n

The Court further noted that the Constitution prevents the denial of citizenship which may arise in any manner other than the renunciation of citizenship under the Act.<\/p>\n

Thus, based on above analysis, the Court struck down the Section 6(1)(a) of the Act as unconstitutional. Further, it declared that the citizens who lost their citizenship due to the operation of provision are deemed not to have lost their citizenship.<\/p>\n

[Democratic Alliance v. Minister of Home Affairs, 2023 SCC OnLine ZACAC 2<\/a>, order dated 13-06-2023<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgement authored by: Justice DH Zondi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Citizenship is the gateway through which a number of rights under the Constitution can be accessed. It enables a person to enjoy freedom of movement, freedom of trade and political representation. While it is true that certain rights in our Constitution adheres to South African citizens only, this court has repeatedly affirmed that arbitrary and irrational distinctions between citizens and non-citizens are inconsistent with the Constitution.”<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":295274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[58746,3398,42941],"class_list":["post-295268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-bills-of-right","tag-Citizenship","tag-south-africa"],"yoast_head":"\n[South Africa] Supreme Court of Appeal strikes down Section 6(1)(a) of South African Citizenship Act | SCC Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa orders for restoration of Citizenship in absence of no express provision of dual citizenship in its Constitution.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/23\/section61a-southafrican-citizenship-act-unconstitutional-za-legalnews\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[South Africa] Supreme Court of Appeal strikes down Section 6(1)(a) of South African Citizenship Act; 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Mere surrender of passport insufficient: Kerala HC","author":"Apoorva","date":"August 28, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cEven though all necessary formalities might have been completed, as per Section 14A of the of the Pakistan Citizenship Act 1951, a Renunciation Certificate is mandatory, and it cannot be waived of stating that the documents produced are sufficient to show that the respondents have renounced their Pakistani citizenship and,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"renunciation of citizenship","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/renunciation-of-citizenship.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/renunciation-of-citizenship.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/renunciation-of-citizenship.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/renunciation-of-citizenship.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":114681,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/03\/18\/progeny-of-tibetans-born-in-india-onafter-26-01-1950-entitled-to-benefits-privileges-available-to-indian-citizens\/","url_meta":{"origin":295268,"position":4},"title":"Progeny of Tibetans, born in India on\/after 26.01.1950 & before 01.07.1987, are Indian citizens; entitled to benefits & privileges available to Indian citizens","author":"Saba","date":"March 18, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Meghalaya High Court: While considering three petitions addressing the issue wherein the petitioners (they being children of Tibetan parents and born in India on or after 26.01.1950 and before 01.07.1987) were denied the status as citizens of India under the Citizenship Act, 1955, the Division Bench of Dinesh Maheshwari, C.J.,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":224235,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/01\/15\/canada-sc-person-born-in-canada-to-a-couple-who-were-undercover-russian-spies-held-to-be-a-canadian-citizen\/","url_meta":{"origin":295268,"position":5},"title":"Canada SC | Person born in Canada to a couple who were undercover Russian spies held to be a Canadian citizen\u00a0","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 15, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of Canada: A Full Bench of Wagner, CJ. and Moldaver, Grason, Cote, Brown, Rowe and Martin, JJ. is pertaining to the validity of Registrar\u2019s decision in a case of withdrawal of citizenship. The petition has been filed by Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration against the orders of Court\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Canada SC","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=295268"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295268\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/295274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=295268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=295268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=295268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}