{"id":293786,"date":"2023-06-03T17:00:54","date_gmt":"2023-06-03T11:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=293786"},"modified":"2023-06-03T17:21:22","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T11:51:22","slug":"law-commission-recommends-not-to-change-law-on-adverse-possession-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/03\/law-commission-recommends-not-to-change-law-on-adverse-possession-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Law Commission recommends not to change Law on Adverse Possession"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

The Law Commission of India, headed by Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi, responding in its Report No. 280 on the subject “The Law on Adverse Possession” said that there is no justification for introducing any change in the law relating to adverse possession. The Ex-officio member of Law Commission dissented and said that the law of adverse possession serves no useful purpose considering the enactment of land laws in all the States for the welfare of the poor and the possibility of fraudulent claim of adverse possession as is established by large number of cases where courts have declined the claim of adverse possession.<\/p>\n

193rd<\/span> Law Commission Report explained Adverse Possession:<\/p>\n

In the discussion of the subject matter the Commission stated that as per Article 65 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963<\/a><\/span>, a person in adverse possession of immovable property acquires title to the property. Such possession must be open and continuous and in defiance of the title of the real owner for 12 years so that the person can prescribe title by adverse possession. As far as the Government property is concerned, Article 112 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963<\/a><\/span> prescribes a requirement of 30 years for the same. The Report further stated that the principles of law evolved by the Courts also permit acquisition of limited rights by adverse possession.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/p>\n

The matter of “adverse possession” came up for consideration to the Commission pursuant to the Hemaji Waghaji Jat v. Bhikhabhai Khengarbhai Harijan, (2009) 16 SCC 517<\/a> whereby it was held that a person who bases his title on adverse possession must show by clear and unequivocal evidence that his title was hostile to the real owner and amounted to denial of his title to the property claimed. The ordinary classical requirement of adverse possession is that it should be nec vi, nec clam, nec precario and the possession required must be adequate in continuity, in publicity and in extent to show that it is possession adverse to the competitor.<\/i><\/p>\n

The Supreme Court in this case opined that there is an urgent need for a fresh look regarding the law of adverse possession and disapproved of the theory of a trespasser being able to perfect title by adverse possession.<\/p>\n

This issue was first considered by the 19th<\/span> Law Commission<\/span> and a Consultation Paper-cum-Questionnaire was submitted with the opinion<\/span> that,<\/p>\n

“The commission is of the view, that existence of limitation period of 12 years for taking action for recovery of land is a sufficient protection accorded to the real owner. The doctrine of adverse possession should be retained to enable a person who has acquired the possession to title bonafidely to keep his possession. Such a limitation gives a legitimate right to the real owner to reclaim his possession. It is a fair balance created by the statute. Moreover, proving ownership on the basis of adverse possession is not easy.”<\/i><\/p>\n

Recommendations of Law Commission:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    No reason or justification to enlarge the period of limitation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Expedient to delete the words “including the Government of the State of Jammu and Kashmir” from Article 112 as the words “except the State of Jammu and Kashmir” from Section 1 (2) has been omitted by the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    In respect to notion of morality-<\/span> the law on adverse possession in its current form ensures that there is always an owner or claimant to contentious land. This is precisely the reason why the law validates the claim of adverse possession made by the squatter only when the owner can be shown to have lost effective authority. This is also the rationale behind the owner being able to defeat the adverse possessor’s claims by showing that he continues to be in charge of the property.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Issue of Compensation to be paid to landowners-<\/span> the commission said that it is not advisable to make any provision for compensating the owner by the adverse possessor. After coming into wrongful possession, the adverse possessor may be interested in retaining the land even after paying compensation to the owner. The process of fixing compensation may provide an opportunity to him to question the quantum of compensation and to protract the litigation to the prejudice of the owner who lost possession and who wants to recover possession of his land.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Dissent:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Other Ministries and Departments<\/span> said that t<\/span>he Commission has not consulted the relevant Ministries of the Government of India and States from where useful input could have been received. ln the absence of the inputs of the Ministries of Government of India and the State Governments the benefit of broad-based deliberation has been avoidably curtailed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Member<\/span> said that the adverse possession is prone to misuse as to claim that adverse possession protects the rights of the poor ignores the abuse of the law by land mafias, builders and powerful interest groups who are not disqualified to claim adverse possession under the present law.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      Ground of Morality:<\/span> The morality ground propounded was said to be not only contrary but ridiculous as the abolition of the law will neither hinder anybody’s right nor cause negligence of land resources as the Commission alleges.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      It was also said that the State has laws for providing land to the landless in a manner which is authorized by law.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Relevant Statutory Provisions of the Limitation Act, 1963<\/a>, Schedule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Article<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Description of Suit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Period of limitation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Time from which period begins to run<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      For possession of immovable property based on previous possession and not on title, when the plaintiff, while in possession of the property has been dispossessed.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      12 Years<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      The date of dispossession.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      For possession of immovable property or any interest therein based on title. Explanation. -For the purposes of this article-<\/p>\n

      (a) where the suit is by a remainderman, a reversioner (other than a landlord) or a devisee, the possession of the defendant shall be deemed to become adverse only when the estate of the remainderman, reversioner or devisee, as the case may be, falls into possession;<\/p>\n

      (b) where the suit is by a Hindu or Muslim entitled to the possession of immovable property on the death of a Hindu or Muslim female, the possession of the defendant shall be deemed to become adverse only when the female dies;<\/p>\n

      (c) where the suit is by a purchaser at a sale in execution of a decree when the judgment-debtor was out of possession at the date of the sale, the purchaser shall be deemed to be a representative of the judgment-debtor who was out of possession.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      12 Years<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      When the possession of the defendant becomes adverse to the plaintiff.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      110<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      By a person excluded from a joint family property to enforce a right to share therein.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      12 Years<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      When the exclusion becomes known to the plaintiff.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      111<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      By or on behalf of any local authority for possession of any public street or road or any part thereof from which it has been dispossessed or of which it has discontinued the possession.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      30 Years<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      The date of dispossession or discontinuance.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Any suit (except a suit before the Supreme Court in the exercise of its original jurisdiction) by or on behalf of the Central Government or any State Government, including the Government of the State of Jammu and Kashmir.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      30 Years<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      When the period of limitation would begin to run under this Act against a like suit by a private person.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Chairperson<\/span>– Hon’ble Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi<\/p>\n

      Full-time Members<\/span>– Hon’ble Justice K.T. Sankaran<\/p>\n

      Prof. (Dr.) Anand Paliwal<\/p>\n

      Prof. D.P. Verma<\/p>\n

      Member Secretary<\/span>– Shri K. Biswal<\/p>\n

      Ex-officio Members<\/span>– Dr. Niten Chandra, Secretary, Department of Legal Affairs<\/p>\n

      Dr. Reeta Vasishta, Secretary, Legislative Department<\/p>\n

      Part-time Members<\/span>– ShriM. Karunanithi<\/p>\n

      Prof. (Dr.) Raka Arya<\/p>\n

      Law Officers<\/span>– Smt. Varsha Chandra : Joint Secretary &Law Officer<\/p>\n

      Shri Atul Kumar Gupta: Deputy Law Officer<\/p>\n

      Legal Consultants<\/span>– Shri Rishi Mishra<\/p>\n

      Shri Gaurav Yadav<\/p>\n

      Shri Shubhang Chaturvedi<\/p>\n

      Shri Davinder Singh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Law on adverse possession in its current form ensures that there is always an owner to contentious land. This is precisely the reason why the law validates the claim of adverse possession made by the squatter only when the owner can be shown to have lost effective authority.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67515,"featured_media":293696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1188,2],"tags":[36995,6231,15491,41994],"class_list":["post-293786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hot_off_the_press","category-news","tag-adverse-possession","tag-law-commission","tag-law-commission-of-india","tag-law-commission-report"],"yoast_head":"\nLaw Commission recommends not to change adverse possession law | SCC Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Law Commission recommended not to change law relating to Adverse Possession as current law ensures that there is always one owner of 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Rath, J. dismissed an appeal seeking to reverse a judgment relating to suit for declaration. In the present facts of the case, the suit property was jointly recorded in the names of three cousin brothers, wherein the Odisha Record of Rights (ROR) had been published.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":272844,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/02\/anomalous-position-on-adverse-possession-settled\/","url_meta":{"origin":293786,"position":2},"title":"Anomalous Position on “Adverse Possession” Settled","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"September 2, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"by Dr C.S. Raghu Raman*","rel":"","context":"In "Op Eds"","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":295756,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/01\/legislation-roundup-june-2023-legal-update\/","url_meta":{"origin":293786,"position":3},"title":"LEGISLATION JUNE 2023 ROUNDUP: 20+ Stories on Law Commission Report on Sedition Law and Adverse Possession; Females enrolling under Agniveer Scheme; and more","author":"Kriti","date":"July 1, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"This roundup contains stories on Law Commission Report on Sedition Law and Adverse Possession; Females enrolling under Agniveer Scheme; e-Appeals Scheme; revised forms relating to Advanced Rulings; Penalty on Axis bank and many more.","rel":"","context":"In "Legal RoundUp"","block_context":{"text":"Legal RoundUp","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/columns-for-roundup\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"legislation roundup june 2023","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/legislation-roundup-june-2023.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/legislation-roundup-june-2023.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/legislation-roundup-june-2023.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/legislation-roundup-june-2023.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":217855,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/08\/08\/plaintiff-can-take-a-plea-of-adverse-possession-under-article-65-of-limitation-act-1963-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":293786,"position":4},"title":"Plaintiff can take a plea of adverse possession under Article 65 of Limitation Act, 1963: SC","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"August 8, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The 3-judge bench of Arun Mishra, SA Nazeer and MR Shah, JJ has held that the Article\u00a065\u00a0of\u00a0Limitation\u00a0Act,\u00a01963 not only enables a person to set up a plea of adverse possession as a shield as a defendant but also allows a plaintiff to use it as a sword to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":255331,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/08\/adverse-possession-is-a-right-which-comes-into-play-not-just-because-someone-loses-his-right-to-reclaim-the-property-out-of-continuous-and-willful-neglect-but-also-on-account-of-possessors-po\/","url_meta":{"origin":293786,"position":5},"title":"Ori HC | Adverse possession is a right which comes into play not just because someone loses his right to reclaim the property out of continuous and wilful neglect but also on account of possessor\u2019s positive intent to dispossess-one","author":"Editor","date":"October 8, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Orissa High Court: D. Dash J. dismissed the second appeal being devoid of merits. The Appellant filed the instant appeal under Section 100 of Code of Civil Procedure (for short, \u2018the Code\u2019) assailing judgment and decree dated 19-10-2019 and 06-11-2019 respectively passed by the IInd Additional District Judge, Balasore. 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