{"id":288170,"date":"2023-03-30T10:00:03","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T04:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=288170"},"modified":"2023-03-30T09:47:14","modified_gmt":"2023-03-30T04:17:14","slug":"intimidating-the-kidnapped-victim-for-silence-not-enough-for-section-364a-ipc-legal-research-legal-news-updates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/03\/30\/intimidating-the-kidnapped-victim-for-silence-not-enough-for-section-364a-ipc-legal-research-legal-news-updates\/","title":{"rendered":"For proving threat under S. 364-A IPC, intimidation of kidnapped victim, for the purpose of making him silent, cannot be enough.: SC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tdocument.title = 'Mere intimidation to silence kidnapped victim not sufficient to prove threat: SC| SCC Blog'\n\tdocument.querySelector('meta[name=\"description\"]').setAttribute(\"content\", \"Merely intimidating a kidnapped victim to stop him from shouting for help did not prove threat resulting in a reasonable apprehension that such person may be hurt or killed\");\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><b>Supreme Court:<\/b> In appeals against the order of conviction and judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court , the division bench of Sanjay Kishan Kaul and <b>B.V. Nagarathna*<\/b>, J.J., granted relief to the convict\/appellants, modifying the sentences imposed under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561685\">364-A<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (&#8216;IPC&#8217;) to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561682\">363<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the matter at hand, a 14-year-old boywas kidnapped on his way to school on 15-02-2000 and First Information Report was lodged on the same aforesaid date. The convictswere convicted under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561408\">148<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561685\">364-A<\/a> read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561409\">149<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a> by the Trial Court and their conviction was affirmed by the High Court, rejecting theirplea to modify the conviction to offence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561682\">363<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561686\">365<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The issue in this case was, whether the facts, in this case, attract the offence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561685\">364-A<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a> and if the answer is in the negative, would it be just and proper to modify the conviction to a sentence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561682\">363<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a>?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court compared Sections 361 read with Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561682\">363<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561684\">364<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561685\">364-A<\/a>, and noted that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561682\">363<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a> punishes the act of kidnapping and Section 364 punishes the offence of kidnapping or abduction of a person to murder him. Section 364A further adds to the gravity of the offence by involving an instance of coercive violence or substantial threat thereof, to make a demand for ransom. Accordingly, the maximum punishment for the three crimes is seven years imprisonment; ten years&#8217; imprisonment and imprisonment for life or death, respectively.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Further, it said that it is necessary to prove not only that such kidnapping or abetment has taken place but , thereafter, the accused threatened to cause death or hurt to such person or by his conduct gave rise to a reasonable apprehension that such person may be put to death or hurt, or cause hurt or death to such person to compel the Government or any foreign State or international, inter-governmental organisation or any other person to do or abstain from doing any act or to pay a ransom.<\/p>\n<p>The Court placed reliance on <i>Sk. Ahmed<\/i> v. <i>State of Telangana<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9000968305\">(2021) 9 SCC 59<\/a>, whereinit was emphasised that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561685\">364-A<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a> has three stages or components, namely,<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\">\n<li>\n<p>kidnapping or abduction of a person and keeping them in detention;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>threat to cause death or hurt, and the use of kidnapping, abduction, or detention with a demand to pay the ransom; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">when the demand is not met, then causing death.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court viewed these ingredients to be essential to bring the guilt under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561685\">364-A<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a>. The use of conjunction &#8220;and&#8221; has its purpose and object. Section 364-A uses the word &#8220;or&#8221; nine times and the whole section contains only one conjunction &#8220;and&#8221;, which joins the first and second condition. Thus, for covering an offence under Section 364-A, apart from fulfilment of first condition, the second condition also needs to be proved in the case.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted three crucial differences upon comparing the victim&#8217;s statement to the police with that recorded by the Trial Court two years later after the initial statement, &#8220;first, a change in the exact timing of the threat; second, the specificity of the delivery of the threat to kill; and third, omission of the intent behind the threat&#8221;. These details are pivotal in proving the second ingredient of Section 364-A. It is established that this ingredient has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Further, the Court said that for proving the ingredient of threat, the intimidation of the child victim, for the purpose of making him silent, cannot be enough. If the sentence carrying a maximum sentence of death and a minimum sentence of life sentence has such a low evidentiary threshold, the difference between punishments for kidnapping under sections 363, 364 and 364-A shall become meaningless. The Court also noted that the High Court did not apply the precedent in <i>Malleshi<\/i> v. <i>State of Karnataka<\/i>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/7MYzOzlL\">(2004) 8 SCC 95<\/a> properly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, the Court held that the convicts conviction is unsustainable under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561685\">364-A<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a>. and ordered their conviction under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561682\">363<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\">IPC<\/a> and sentenced them to imprisonment for seven years and a fine of Rs. 2000\/-.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Ravi Dhingra v. State of Haryana, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/I4zwM7pY\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 199<\/a>, decided on 01-03-2023<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment authored by: Justice B.V. Nagarathna<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"f8FHTay3DW\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/30\/justice-bv-nagarathna-igniting-hope-for-the-first-ever-woman-chief-justice-of-india\/\">Justice BV Nagarathna: Igniting hope for the first ever woman Chief Justice of India<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Justice BV Nagarathna: Igniting hope for the first ever woman Chief Justice of India&#8221; &#8212; SCC Blog\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/30\/justice-bv-nagarathna-igniting-hope-for-the-first-ever-woman-chief-justice-of-india\/embed\/#?secret=MLMtb6BsrM#?secret=f8FHTay3DW\" data-secret=\"f8FHTay3DW\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Counsel for appellant- Advocate on Record Sri Gaurav Agrawal, Advocate Simon Benjamin, Advocate Deepshikha Sansanwal, Advocate on Record Santosh Krishnan, Advocate Sonam Anand, Advocate Yakesh Anand, Advocate Rajeev Kumar Dubey, Advocate on Record Kamlendra Mishra;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Counsel for respondent- Additional Advocate General Sri Rakesh Mudgal, Advocate Dinesh Mudgal, Advocate on Record Monika Gusain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><i>Supreme Court said that if the sentence carrying a maximum sentence of death and a minimum sentence of life sentence has such low evidentiary threshold, the difference between punishments for kidnapping under 363, 364 and 364-A shall become meaningless.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":288183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[3201,13961,3696,14261,44635,5363],"class_list":["post-288170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-abetment","tag-ipc","tag-kidnapping","tag-penal-code","tag-sc","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>For proving threat under S. 364-A IPC, intimidation of kidnapped victim, for the purpose of making him silent, cannot be enough.: SC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In appeals against the order of conviction and judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High 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to murder or put the victim at a risk of being murdered necessary to constitute as crime of kidnapping under S. 364 IPC","author":"Saba","date":"March 6, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"High Court of Jharkhand: The Division Bench comprising of H.C. Mishra and B.B. Mangalmurti, JJ., recently heard an appeal against the acquittal of the respondent who had been accused under Sections 364 and 34 of the Penal Code. The appellant\u2019s son had been taken forcibly by the respondents owing to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":250614,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/07\/01\/no-conviction-under-section-364a-ipc-if-kidnapper-treats-victim-in-a-good-manner-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":288170,"position":1},"title":"No conviction under Section 364A IPC if kidnapper treats victim in &#8220;a good manner&#8221;: Supreme Court","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"July 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court has laid down the essential ingredients required to be proved by prosecution to convict an accused under Section 364A IPC i.e. kidnapping for ransom.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":196398,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/05\/24\/test-identification-parade-cannot-be-discarded-in-absence-of-formal-proof-by-executive-magistrate\/","url_meta":{"origin":288170,"position":2},"title":"Test Identification Parade cannot be discarded in absence of formal proof by Executive Magistrate","author":"Saba","date":"May 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court: The conviction of the appellant under Section 364-A IPC was altered to Section 365 by a Division Bench comprising of J.P. Gupta and Anjuli Palo, JJ. The appellant was found guilty by the trial court for the alleged offence of kidnapping the victim. It was alleged\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":352334,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/04\/allahabad-hc-undressing-victim-attempt-to-rape\/","url_meta":{"origin":288170,"position":3},"title":"\u201cNot only outraged her modesty but also attempted to rape by undressing\u201d: Allahabad HC upholds conviction of man who kidnapped, attempted to rape minor girl","author":"Sonali Ahuja","date":"July 4, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court found that it had been proved that the victim was forcibly kidnapped by the convict with the intention to marry and have intercourse with her. He not only outraged her modesty but also attempted to rape her by undressing her but failed due to her protest.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Undressing victim is attempt to rape","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Undressing-victim-is-attempt-to-rape.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Undressing-victim-is-attempt-to-rape.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Undressing-victim-is-attempt-to-rape.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Undressing-victim-is-attempt-to-rape.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":359659,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/09\/10\/supreme-court-section-306-ipc-neighbour-quarrel-acquittal\/","url_meta":{"origin":288170,"position":4},"title":"Heated neighbourhood quarrels cannot constitute abetment to suicide under Section 306 IPC: Supreme Court","author":"Apoorva","date":"September 10, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThough \u2018love thy neighbour\u2019 is the ideal scenario, neighbourhood quarrels are not unknown to societal living. They are as old as community living itself. The question is whether on facts there has been a case of abetment of suicide?\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Neighbourhood Quarrels","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/sc-06-10.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/sc-06-10.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/sc-06-10.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/sc-06-10.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":338605,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/01\/08\/application-force-with-intent-to-outrage-modesty-of-woman-for-offence-under-s-354-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":288170,"position":5},"title":"\u2018Application of force must be with intent to outrage modesty of woman\u2019; SC quashes proceedings against man for offence under S. 354 and 506 IPC","author":"Editor","date":"January 8, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cFor mens rea to be established, something better than vague statements must be produced before the Court.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Modesty of woman under S. 354 IPC","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Modesty-of-woman-under-S.-354-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Modesty-of-woman-under-S.-354-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Modesty-of-woman-under-S.-354-IPC.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Modesty-of-woman-under-S.-354-IPC.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=288170"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288170\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/288183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=288170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=288170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=288170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}