{"id":279810,"date":"2022-12-17T09:00:43","date_gmt":"2022-12-17T03:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=279810"},"modified":"2022-12-20T14:32:42","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T09:02:42","slug":"does-civil-court-have-jurisdiction-to-determine-title-of-shares-issued-fraudulently-calcutta-high-court-examines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/12\/17\/does-civil-court-have-jurisdiction-to-determine-title-of-shares-issued-fraudulently-calcutta-high-court-examines\/","title":{"rendered":"Does Civil Court have jurisdiction to determine title of shares issued \u2018fraudulently\u2019? Calcutta High Court examines"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">&#160; &#160;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><b>Calcutta High Court<\/b> | Krishna Rao, J., held that under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\">Companies Act, 2013<\/a>, Civil Courts have jurisdiction to enquire into allegations of fraud pertaining to the title of issued shares, but they would not have jurisdiction to adjudicate the allegation of fraud under S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537688\">447<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\">Companies Act, 2013<\/a> as such fraud is to be adjudicated upon adducing evidence before the Civil Court only.<\/p>\n<p><b>Facts:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the instant matter fresh shares of defendant no. 3 Company were issued to the defendant nos. 2 and 3 by the auditor in an allegedly fraudulent manner. The plaintiff filed present suit challenging the fraudulently issuance of the shares. The plaintiff prayed to declare that the names of the defendant nos. 2 and 3 in the defendant no. 4&#8217;s shareholders registry as fraudulent. The plaintiff also prayed for perpetual injunction in respect of the title of the said fraudulently issued shares.<\/p>\n<p><b>Defendant&#8217;s Contentions:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The counsel of defendants contended that this Court has no jurisdiction in terms of S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001523840\">9<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726944\">CPC<\/a> as it is barred by S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537670\">430<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\">Companies Act, 2013<\/a>. Relying on Ss. 56(4), 58(3) and 59 read with R. 70(5)(a) of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002425632\">National Company Law Tribunal Rule, 2016<\/a>, the Counsel of defendants contended that plaintiff&#8217;s prayer (a) and (b) of the plaint is illegal, fraudulent, null and void. The counsel for the defendant also relied on Ss. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537688\">447<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537690\">449<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\">Companies Act, 2013<\/a> and submitted that Tribunal had jurisdiction to decide the fraud as claimed by the plaintiff.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The counsel of defendants relied on <i>Shashi Prakash Khemka<\/i> v. <i>NEPC Micon Ltd.<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9000692426\">(2019) 18 SCC 569<\/a>, where it was held that <i>the civil suit remedy would be completely barred, and the power would be vested with the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) under Section 59 of the said Act.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Plaintiff&#8217;s Contentions:<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The counsel for the plaintiff submitted that as per Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001549801\">65<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802178\">Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016<\/a>, if any person fraudulently initiates insolvency resolution process\/liquidation proceedings, the Adjudicating Authority may impose penalty upon such person but cannot decide the fraud committed by the person for recording the names of shareholder. The counsel for the plaintiff further stated that only after this Court held that the defendants have committed fraud, then the plaintiff can approach the Tribunal for transfer of shares.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Relying on S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537688\">447<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\">Companies Act, 2013<\/a>, the counsel for the plaintiff contended that <i>first finding is to be arrived at with regard to the fraud and the Tribunal is holding summary procedure, cannot decide the fraud.<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The counsel for the plaintiff relied on <i>Embassy Property Developments (P) Ltd.<\/i> v. <i>State of Karnataka<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9000738215\">(2020) 13 SCC 308<\/a>, where it was observed that parties can invoke High Court&#8217;s jurisdiction under Art. 226 without taking recourse to the statutory alternative remedy as provided by any special statute.<\/p>\n<p><b>Court&#8217;s Observation and Decision:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The Court observed that the plaintiff&#8217;s case is about fraud, and it is the Civil Court only which can decide the said fraud by adducing evidence by both the parties. The Court stated that<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><i>&#8220;Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001549801\">65<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802178\">Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016<\/a> has no manner of application in the instant case as the challenge is against issuance of shares by the auditor of a company in derogation of his fiduciary with the company and whether the said act of the auditor is in contravention of the provisions of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=\">Company Act, 2013<\/a> is on act of fraud or not is to be decided by the Civil Court.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The Court held that the NCLT is not competent to enquire into such allegations of fraud made in respect of refusal to transfer and\/or record the names of shareholders in the shareholder&#8217;s registry in terms of Ss. 58 and 59 of the Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><i>&#8220;NCLT is not competent to enquire into the allegation of fraud specifically when the plaintiff has prayed for declaration of recording the names of defendant no. 2 and 3 as shareholders in the books and the register of defendant no. 4 fraudulently and also prayed for perpetual injunction against the defendant nos.1 to 3.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Mukesh Jaiswal v. Phool Chand Gupta, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/36bVeUSl\">2022 SCC OnLine Cal 3957<\/a>, decided on 05-12-2022<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Swatarup Banerjee, Mr. Sourav Sengupta and Mr. Aman Baid, Counsel for the Plaintiff;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Reegobroto Kr. Mitra and Mr. Sayantak Das, Counsel for the Defendant no. 1.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Ritu Singh, Editorial Assistant has put this report together.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160; &#160; Calcutta High Court | Krishna Rao, J., held that under Companies Act, 2013, Civil Courts have jurisdiction to enquire into <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":279629,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2513,10551,27634,10141,2554,34844,12871,32601],"class_list":["post-279810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Calcutta_High_Court","tag-civil-court","tag-companies-act","tag-fraud","tag-Jurisdiction","tag-perpetual-injunction","tag-shareholder","tag-shares"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Does Civil Court have jurisdiction to determine title of shares issued \u2018fraudulently\u2019? 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Case to proceed for Trial","author":"Ritu","date":"January 19, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Calcutta High Court clarified that rejection of the plaint is not warranted based on allegations of collusion or lack of cause of action, which are factual issues to be determined during the trial.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"calcutta high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":200299,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/08\/20\/civil-court-cannot-have-jurisdiction-in-matters-covered-under-sarfaesi-act-2002-just-because-fraud-is-alleged\/","url_meta":{"origin":279810,"position":3},"title":"Civil Court cannot have jurisdiction in matters covered under SARFAESI Act, 2002 just because fraud is alleged","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Punjab and Haryana High Court: In this case, two revision petitions were disposed of together by a Single Judge Bench comprising of Anil Kshetarpal, J., where issues were identical. This revision petition was filed against an order where application for rejection of plaint was dismissed. 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