{"id":279011,"date":"2022-12-02T18:00:06","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T12:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=279011"},"modified":"2022-12-02T18:19:08","modified_gmt":"2022-12-02T12:49:08","slug":"singapore-court-of-appeal-clarifies-the-proper-interpretation-of-reasonable-costs-under-order-110-rule-46-and-the-way-it-needs-to-be-assessed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/12\/02\/singapore-court-of-appeal-clarifies-the-proper-interpretation-of-reasonable-costs-under-order-110-rule-46-and-the-way-it-needs-to-be-assessed\/","title":{"rendered":"Singapore Court of Appeal clarifies the proper interpretation of \u2018reasonable costs\u2019 under Order 110 Rule 46 and the way it needs to be assessed"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\n

Singapore Court of Appeal:<\/b> In an appeal filed by Senda International Capital Limited (\u2018Senda\u2019) against the order of Singapore International Commercial Court (\u2018SICC\u2019) directing Senda to pay costs and disbursements in the sum of S$8.1m to Kiri Industries Limited (\u2018Kiri\u2019), the Court of Appeal(\u2018CoA\u2019) found no reason to interfere with the SICC’s decision. Kiri had previously succeeded in its claim of minority oppression against Senda and obtained a buyout order for its shares. Senda by way of an appeal raises questions on the way costs are to be assessed for proceedings in SICC, and as to the principles by which such \u2018reasonable costs\u2019 under Order 110 Rule 46 are to be assessed.<\/p>\n

The CoA laid down paramount principles on the assessment of costs for proceedings in the SICC:<\/p>\n

1. The CoA turns on the distinction between the respective approaches to costs in Order 59 and Order 110 Rule 46 of the Rules of Court (2014 Rev Ed) (\u2018the ROC 2014\u2019).<\/p>\n

(i) SICC describing the \u201cdouble attenuation\u201d of costs noted that there are two ways in which the concept of \u2018reasonableness\u2019 arises in Order 59, firstly being, the costs incurred by a party must be \u2018reasonably incurred\u2019 and secondly, the amount of the \u2018reasonably incurred costs\u2019 that are to be awarded to the receiving party must be \u2018reasonable\u2019. On the other hand, the concept of \u2018reasonableness\u2019 under Order 110 Rule 46 means there is only a single attenuation that is applied under one broad inquiry that requires the costs awarded be \u2018reasonable\u2019.<\/p>\n

(ii) The CoA considered that the SICC erred in its understanding of \u2018reasonable costs\u2019 under Order 110 Rule 46. While analyzing the \u2018indemnity principle\u2019, it stressed the fact that the successful litigant should be indemnified by the unsuccessful party for the legal costs incurred which in turn ensures that the successful party is not prejudiced. Its function is therefore a restorative or compensatory one.<\/p>\n

(iii) However, there are certain limits which are placed on the \u2018indemnity principle\u2019 on costs awarded under Order 59. Securing complete restoration to the full extent of the costs incurred by the successful party, will have consequences resulting into no ceiling placed on the unsuccessful party’s liability to pay costs which may discourage litigants with a potentially meritorious case.<\/p>\n

(iv) Therefore, Order 59 focuses on the amount of cost which a successful party ought to be able to recover, while Order 110 Rule 46 concentrates on the level of costs which a successful party has reasonably incurred.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 The CoA was of the view that it is the trial court that assesses the costs under Order 110 Rule 46 for proceedings in the SICC as it is the Judges who have heard the matter and will have the clearest sense of just how complex the matter was. There are certain factors that the trial court should consider while exercising its discretion regarding determining questions of costs.<\/p>\n

(i)the complexity of the issues in the substantive proceeding.<\/p>\n

(ii) the amount of costs claimed by the successful party.<\/p>\n

(iii) the nature and extent of the differences in the respective positions on costs taken by the parties.<\/p>\n

(iv) the need to maintain a measure of proportionality and the nature of the inquiry into \u2018reasonable costs\u2019.<\/p>\n

(v) the corresponding level of detail involved in such an inquiry and the expense associated with such an inquiry.<\/p>\n

(vi) amount of costs claimed by the successful party.<\/p>\n

This stands to reason for instances when costs amount is higher in nature, the trial court must warrant more scrutiny in order to be satisfied that such costs are \u2018reasonable costs.\u2019<\/p>\n

3. Since it is the successful party who seeks to persuade the trial court that it is entitled to be paid costs under Order 110 Rule 46 (1), the legal burden of proof lies on the same party which brings with it an evidential burden to adduce some evidence to propound the existence of the relevant fact in dispute. They should adduce evidence of information on its incurred costs and include a sufficient breakdown of such costs. It will not suffice for the unsuccessful party to make unsubstantiated contentions as to the reasonableness of the successful party’s claimed costs.<\/p>\n

4. The relevancy of the party’s objection to the transfer of a matter from the High Court to the SICC for the assessment of costs under Order 110 Rule 46 is nil.<\/p>\n

Thus, the CoA held that there were no valid grounds for interference with the SICC’s decision to award Kiri Industries around S$8.1 million in costs and disbursement. The CoA asserted that it is the Judges who have heard the matters and have a comprehensible understanding in relation to the intricacy of the matter and what can be considered as \u2018reasonable costs\u2019.<\/p>\n

SICC in its decision clearly stated that the dispute in question was more complicated than usual and the degree of complexity was only heightened post-transfer and there was a need to comprehend difficulties revolving around valuation, economics, and statistics.<\/p>\n

[Senda International Capital Ltd v. Kiri Industries Ltd, Civil Appeal No. 14 of 2022 decided on 25-11-2022<\/span>]<\/p>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the Appellant- Toh Kian Sing SC;<\/p>\n

Cheng Wai Yuen;<\/p>\n

Mark;<\/p>\n

Chew Xiang;<\/p>\n

Soh Yu Xian Priscilla;<\/p>\n

Lim Wee Teck;<\/p>\n

Darren (Rajah & Tann Singapore LLP);<\/p>\n

For the Respondent- Dhillon Dinesh Singh;<\/p>\n

Loong Tse Chuan;<\/p>\n

Dhivya Rajendra Naidu;<\/p>\n

Chee Yi Wen Serene;<\/p>\n

Jung Sol (Allen & Gledhill LLP).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The issue of cost recovery in various forums could impact the choice of dispute resolution forum by parties seeking to resolve their international commercial disputes in Singapore. This is a chief judgment for thirdparty funders, funding disputes in Singapore, as the degree to which costs may be recovered would be a relevant factor in making the commercial decision to fund a dispute.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":279014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[53358,53354,53356,53355,53353,53352,53357],"class_list":["post-279011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-complexity-of-the-matter","tag-double-attenuation","tag-evidential-burden","tag-indemnity-principle","tag-order-110-rule-46-order-59","tag-reasonable-costs","tag-sicc"],"yoast_head":"\nSingapore Court of Appeal clarifies the proper interpretation of \u2018reasonable costs\u2019 under Order 110 Rule 46 and the way it needs 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An inquiry should be made as to whether the breach was merely technical and inconsequential or whether it has resulted in denial of benefit to the Tribunal to decide on crucial evidences.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"singapore international commercial court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/singapore-international-commercial-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/singapore-international-commercial-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/singapore-international-commercial-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/singapore-international-commercial-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":309012,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/11\/india-is-having-a-paradigm-shift-in-dealing-with-commercial-matters-says-justice-yashwant-varma-at-2nd-international-arbitration-dialogues\/","url_meta":{"origin":279011,"position":3},"title":"India is having a paradigm shift in dealing with commercial matters – says Justice Yashwant Varma at 2nd International Arbitration Dialogues","author":"Apoorva","date":"December 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Indian Arbitration Forum in collaboration with KPMG, EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. has organised Second edition of International Arbitration Dialogues on 07-12-2023","rel":"","context":"In "Events\/Webinars"","block_context":{"text":"Events\/Webinars","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/events-and-webinars\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Justice Yashwant Varma","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Justice-Yashwant-Varma.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Justice-Yashwant-Varma.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Justice-Yashwant-Varma.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Justice-Yashwant-Varma.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":274630,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/28\/court-of-appeal-of-the-republic-of-singapore-jurisdiction-of-arbitral-tribunal-is-only-revived-to-the-extent-of-the-remission-ordered\/","url_meta":{"origin":279011,"position":4},"title":"Court of Appeal of the Republic of Singapore | Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal is only revived to the extent of the remission ordered","author":"Editor","date":"September 28, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\"Apart from the remission ordered, there is no basis on which a party in CKH's position or the Tribunal itself can seek to re-open or expand the subject matter of the award or arbitration.\"","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-94-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-94-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-94-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-94-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-94-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":244138,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/19\/divorce\/","url_meta":{"origin":279011,"position":5},"title":"Del HC | Permanent residents of Singapore, residing there since 2012, wife seeks an injunction for suit filed in Singapore by husband regarding matrimonial dispute. 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