{"id":277023,"date":"2022-11-09T09:00:06","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T03:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=277023"},"modified":"2022-11-09T09:00:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T03:30:06","slug":"supreme-court-issues-directions-to-maharashtra-government-in-relation-to-the-1992-and-1993-mumbai-riots-and-bomb-blasts-legal-research-legal-ne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/09\/supreme-court-issues-directions-to-maharashtra-government-in-relation-to-the-1992-and-1993-mumbai-riots-and-bomb-blasts-legal-research-legal-ne\/","title":{"rendered":"1992-93 Bombay Riots and Blasts: Trace the missing persons and compensate; Read Supreme Court’s directions to Maharashtra Government"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court: <\/strong>In a writ petition relating to the issue of implementation of the recommendations of the Justice B.N. Srikrishna commission constituted after the 1992 and 1993 Mumbai riots and bomb blasts, the three-judge bench of Sanjay Kishan Kaul, Abhay S. Oka*<\/strong> and Vikram Nath, JJ. ordered the State Government to constitute a committee and to place material regarding efforts made to trace the family members of the missing persons who have been deprived of compensation and directed that the entire exercise of payment of compensation and interest shall be completed within a period of nine months from the date of this judgment. Further, it directed the State to provide details of 97 cases on dormant files to the Registrar General of the Bombay High Court within one month from the date of this judgment and to immediately\u00a0\u00a0 constitute\u00a0\u00a0 a\u00a0\u00a0 special\u00a0\u00a0 cell\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 trace\u00a0\u00a0 the absconding\u00a0\u00a0 \/missing\u00a0\u00a0 accused\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0 \u00a0these\u00a0\u00a0 cases.<\/p>\n

The present petition was filed for declaring that an enquiry conducted under the Commission\u00a0 of Enquiry Act,1952 (\u2018the Act\u2019), would tantamount to an inquiry within the meaning of Article 311 (2) of the Constitution of India; and that\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 public\u00a0\u00a0 servant\u00a0\u00a0 found guilty under the\u00a0\u00a0 Act, 1952 be liable to be summarily dismissed; and to direct the State to\u00a0\u00a0 accept\u00a0\u00a0 and\u00a0\u00a0 act\u00a0\u00a0 on\u00a0\u00a0 the finding\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Justice B.N. Krishna\u00a0\u00a0 commission\u00a0 \u00a0and to pay compensation to the persons identified as missing.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the State Government issued a memorandum of action to be taken by the Government on the report of the commission and most of the recommendations were accepted by the State Government, however, it did not agree with the findings of the commission on the causes of the riots.<\/p>\n

The Court said that the recommendations of a Commission cannot bind the Government and the Courts cannot compel the Government to act upon the report.\u00a0 But, once the Government accepts the recommendations, a Writ Court can issue a mandamus for\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 implementation\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 the recommendations as it becomes an obligation of the Government to implement the recommendations.<\/p>\n

The Court made the following observations:<\/p>\n

Action against erring police officials<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

In terms of the recommendations of the commission, first information report (\u2018FIR\u2019) were registered against\u00a0\u00a0 nine\u00a0\u00a0 police\u00a0\u00a0 officials, and two\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 them\u00a0\u00a0 were discharged and seven were acquitted. The Court said that the State Government should have been vigilant and proactive in these cases, as they have not stated the reasons for not questioning the orders of acquittal, and now it is too late to direct the State to examine whether the orders of acquittal deserve to be challenged.<\/p>\n

Further, one official was made to compulsorily retire by way of punishment and nine other police officials were impose with minor penalties and out of them eight officials have already retired from service.\u00a0 Further, inquiry against one police official was dropped as he died during the pendency of the inquiry. Thus, in view of long passage of time, the Court said that as far as the disciplinary action is concerned, now in the year 2022, it will be inappropriate to go into the question of the validity of the orders passed by the disciplinary\u00a0\u00a0 authorities\u00a0\u00a0 and\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 adequacy\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 penalties imposed; as a Writ Court should not normally interfere with disciplinary proceedings.<\/p>\n

Riot related criminal cases<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The Court directed the Sessions Court to dispose of the pending case dealing with criminal cases relating to the violencein 1992 and 1993 at the earliest and observed that 97 cases are on dormant files and the reason must be that either the accused therein are not traceable or are absconding. Further, it said that the\u00a0\u00a0 High\u00a0\u00a0 Court must\u00a0\u00a0 issue appropriate directions to the Courts in which these cases\u00a0\u00a0 are\u00a0\u00a0 pending and must\u00a0\u00a0 ensure\u00a0\u00a0 that\u00a0\u00a0 these Courts take appropriate steps for tracing the accused and directed the State Government to set up a special cell for tracing the accused.<\/p>\n

Failure to provide legal aid to the victims<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The Court referred to Section 12(e) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987(\u2018LSA Act\u2019) and observed that a person who is subjected to ethnic violence, is entitled to legal services under\u00a0\u00a0 the 1987\u00a0\u00a0 Act and interpreted the word \u2018ethnic\u2019 to include religion, tribe and caste in it, by giving it a broad meaning for\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 purposes\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 considering\u00a0\u00a0 the entitlement to grant of legal aid, and\u00a0 observed\u00a0 the incidents of 1992 and 1993\u00a0 as incidents of ethnic violence, within the meaning of the said Section. Thus, it was observed that on an application being made by the victims of the offence or their legal heirs, legal services could have been provided to them by appointing advocates, during trials and legal services could have been provided to the victims to challenge the orders of acquittal, but as those were the early days of the legal services authorities and now, they have expanded their activities for effectively rendering legal services, it was held that, \u00a0now, it\u00a0\u00a0 is\u00a0\u00a0 too\u00a0\u00a0 late\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 direct\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 authorities to render legal aid to the victims of the 1992 and 1993 riots for challenging the orders of acquittal.<\/p>\n

Failure to make proper investigation<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

One of the grievances of the petitioner was that in large number of riots related offences, a proper investigation was not carried\u00a0\u00a0 out\u00a0\u00a0 and\u00a0\u00a0 therefore, about\u00a0\u00a0 1371\u00a0\u00a0 cases\u00a0\u00a0 were\u00a0\u00a0 closed\u00a0\u00a0 by classifying as \u2018A\u2019 Summary (true but undetected). However, the Court noted that the\u00a0\u00a0 State\u00a0\u00a0 Government\u00a0\u00a0 had appointed a committee under the chairmanship of the Director General of Police to scrutinize all cases which were classified as \u2018A\u2019\u00a0\u00a0 Summary and observed that out of the 112 cases, 104 were again classified as \u2018A\u2019 Summary, and in the remaining eight cases, charge sheets were filed, wherein, seven cases resulted in acquittal, and in\u00a0 one case, where the offence was compoundable, the case was compounded.<\/p>\n

Recommendation on police reforms<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The Court observed that the commission in its report has made several suggestions for reinforcing and improving the police force and the memorandum of the Government records showed that most of these recommendations have been accepted by the State Government, but\u00a0\u00a0 what\u00a0\u00a0 remained was\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 implementation\u00a0\u00a0 part.\u00a0\u00a0 Thus, the Court held that the State Government cannot ignore the recommendations made by the Commission for the improvement and modernization of the police force and the recommendations shall continue to guide the State Government.<\/p>\n

Compensation to victims<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The Court referred to Article 21 of the Constitution of India and said that it confers a right on every citizen to live with human dignity, and if\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 citizens\u00a0\u00a0 are\u00a0\u00a0 forced\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 live\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0\u00a0 an\u00a0\u00a0 atmosphere \u00a0\u00a0of communal tension, it affects their right to life guaranteed by Article 21. Further, there was a failure on the part of the State Government to maintain law and order and to protect the rights of the people guaranteed under the said Article. Thus, the affected persons had a right to seek compensation from the State Government.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the Government has also passed resolutions to\u00a0\u00a0 give financial\u00a0\u00a0 assistance to\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 persons\u00a0\u00a0 affected\u00a0\u00a0 due\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 riots and said that the State Government has come up with the scheme to pay compensation of Rs.2 lakhs to the legal heirs of the missing persons, in view of Section 108 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, but the\u00a0\u00a0 State Government has not put any efforts to trace the family members of the missing persons and to make sure that they receive the compensation.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court proposed to\u00a0\u00a0 constitute\u00a0\u00a0 a\u00a0\u00a0 committee headed\u00a0\u00a0 by\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 member Secretary of the Maharashtra State Legal Services Authority to monitor the efforts made by the State\u00a0\u00a0 Government\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 trace\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 family\u00a0\u00a0 members\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 missing persons, whose addresses are not available and to ensure that\u00a0\u00a0 those\u00a0\u00a0 eligible\u00a0\u00a0 persons\u00a0\u00a0 who\u00a0\u00a0 have\u00a0\u00a0 not\u00a0\u00a0 made\u00a0\u00a0 procedural compliances are\u00a0\u00a0 assisted\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 make\u00a0\u00a0 necessary\u00a0\u00a0 compliance and to investigate the records relating to the remaining 108 missing persons, and further directed the State Government to nominate a revenue officer and a police officer as\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 other\u00a0\u00a0 two\u00a0\u00a0 members\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 the committee.<\/p>\n

The committee will\u00a0\u00a0 have\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 peruse\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 records\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 ascertain\u00a0\u00a0 whether compensation was paid to all eligible persons and shall\u00a0\u00a0 ensure\u00a0\u00a0 that\u00a0\u00a0 compensation\u00a0\u00a0 is\u00a0\u00a0 paid\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0\u00a0 terms\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 first Government resolution to various categories of victims of the 1992 and 1993 riots and the interest will have to be paid to such victims who have not been paid compensation at the rate of 9% from the expiry of the period of six months from the date of the first Government resolution till the date of payment of the compensation amount, similarly interest will be paid to the legal heirs of the missing persons from\u00a0 the date of passing of the second Government resolution. Thus, the Court issued various directions to the State Government.<\/p>\n

[Shakeel Ahmed v. Union of India, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 1519<\/a> decided on<\/strong> 04-11-2022]<\/p>\n

\n

*Judgment by: Justice Abhay S. Oka<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n

Apoorva Goel, Editorial Assistant has reported this brief<\/strong> \u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

\n

\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court: In a writ petition relating to the issue of implementation of the recommendations of the Justice B.N. Srikrishna commission constituted <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":277024,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[35734,2518,2728,3067,48250,52805,52806,52807,52808,21883,31240,5363,31795],"class_list":["post-277023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","tag-article-21-of-constitution","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-compensation","tag-FIR","tag-government-resolution","tag-legal-services-authorities","tag-missing-persons","tag-mslsa","tag-mumbai-blasts","tag-riots","tag-srikrishna-committee","tag-supreme-court","tag-victims"],"yoast_head":"\n1992-93 Bombay Riots and Blasts: Trace the missing persons and compensate; Read Supreme Court's directions to Maharashtra Government | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/09\/supreme-court-issues-directions-to-maharashtra-government-in-relation-to-the-1992-and-1993-mumbai-riots-and-bomb-blasts-legal-research-legal-ne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1992-93 Bombay Riots and Blasts: Trace the missing persons and compensate; Read Supreme Court's directions to Maharashtra Government\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme Court: In a writ petition relating to the issue of implementation of the recommendations of the Justice B.N. 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Jadhav, J. allowed a criminal appeal filed against the judgment of the trial court whereby the appellant was convicted for the offence punishable under Sections 326 (voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means) and 452 (house-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":151444,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/08\/23\/madhya-pradesh-government-directed-to-disburse-compensation-amount-to-families-of-victims-of-1984-riots-within-6-weeks\/","url_meta":{"origin":277023,"position":3},"title":"Madhya Pradesh Government directed to disburse compensation amount to families of victims of 1984 riots within 6 weeks","author":"Saba","date":"August 23, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court: The Court directed the State Government to pay the compensation promised to the families of the victims of the 1984 riots. 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