{"id":276414,"date":"2022-11-01T09:00:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T03:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=276414"},"modified":"2022-11-01T09:00:29","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T03:30:29","slug":"two-finger-test-banned-sexually-active-women-can-be-raped-guilty-misconduct-supreme-court-legal-updates-research-guidelines-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/01\/two-finger-test-banned-sexually-active-women-can-be-raped-guilty-misconduct-supreme-court-legal-updates-research-guidelines-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Patriarchal &#038; sexist to assume that a sexually active woman cannot be raped; Anyone conducting &#8216;two-finger&#8217; test will be guilty of misconduct: SC\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>: In an unfortunate case, where a sexual assault survivor was subjected to \u201ctwin-finger\u201d test by the Medical Board, the bench of Dr. DY Chandrachud* and Hima Kohli, JJ has held that the \u201ctwo-finger test\u201d or pre vaginum test must not be conducted as it has no scientific basis and neither proves nor disproves allegations of rape. It instead re-victimizes and re-traumatizes women who may have been sexually assaulted, and is an affront to their dignity.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Why the \u201ctwo-finger\u201d test is banned? <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Explaining that the so-called test is based on the incorrect assumption that a sexually active woman cannot be raped, the Court observed that whether a woman is \u201chabituated to sexual intercourse\u201d or \u201chabitual to sexual intercourse\u201d is irrelevant for the purposes of determining whether the ingredients of Section 375 of the IPC are present in a particular case.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cNothing could be further from the truth \u2013 a woman\u2019s sexual history is wholly immaterial while adjudicating whether the accused raped her. Further, the probative value of a woman\u2019s testimony does not depend upon her sexual history. It is patriarchal and sexist to suggest that a woman cannot be believed when she states that she was raped, merely for the reason that she is sexually active.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court went on to highlight the express recognition of this fact in law as under Section 53A of the Evidence Act, evidence of a victim\u2019s character or of her previous sexual experience with any person shall not be relevant to the issue of consent or the quality of consent, in prosecutions of sexual offences.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Directions<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Though the Court has banned the \u201ctwo-finger\u201d test in a series of judgments, the case at hand prompted it to pass specific directions for the Union Government as well as the State Governments to:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Ensure that the guidelines formulated by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare are circulated to all government and private hospitals;<\/li>\n<li>Conduct workshops for health providers to communicate the appropriate procedure to be adopted while examining survivors of sexual assault and rape; and<\/li>\n<li>Review the curriculum in medical schools with a view to ensuring that the \u201ctwo-finger test\u201d or per vaginum examination is not prescribed as one of the procedures to be adopted while examining survivors of sexual assault and rape.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">These directions are to be communicated to the Principal Secretary (Department of Public Health) of each state who will ensure that these directions are implemented.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Secretaries in the Departments of Home of each state shall in addition issue directions to the Directors General of Police in this regard. The Directors General of Police shall, in turn, communicate these directions to the Superintendents of Police.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Punishment<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Any person who conducts the \u201ctwo-finger test\u201d or per vaginum examination (while examining a person alleged to have been subjected to a sexual assault) in contravention of the directions of this Court shall be guilty of misconduct.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[State of Jharkhand v. Shailendra Kumar Rai, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/gJ554CH4\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 1494<\/a>, decided on 31.10.2022]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">*Judgment by: Justice Dr DY Chandrachud<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The \u201ctwo-finger test\u201d or pre vaginum test has no scientific basis and neither proves nor disproves allegations of rape. It instead re-victimizes and re-traumatizes women who may have been sexually assaulted, and is an affront to their dignity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":276415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[16241,11621,5051,2598,2572,6191,19571,39399],"class_list":["post-276414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-medical-evidence","tag-medical-examination","tag-misconduct","tag-prosecuterix","tag-Rape","tag-sexual-assault","tag-sexual-offence","tag-two-finger-test"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Patriarchal &amp; sexist to assume that a sexually active woman cannot be raped; Anyone conducting &#039;two-finger&#039; test will be guilty of misconduct: SC\u00a0 | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/01\/two-finger-test-banned-sexually-active-women-can-be-raped-guilty-misconduct-supreme-court-legal-updates-research-guidelines-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Patriarchal &amp; sexist to assume that a sexually active woman cannot be raped; Anyone conducting &#039;two-finger&#039; test will be guilty of misconduct: SC\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The \u201ctwo-finger test\u201d or pre vaginum test has no scientific basis and neither proves nor disproves allegations of rape. It instead re-victimizes and re-traumatizes women who may have been sexually assaulted, and is an affront to their dignity.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/01\/two-finger-test-banned-sexually-active-women-can-be-raped-guilty-misconduct-supreme-court-legal-updates-research-guidelines-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-01T03:30:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Patriarchal-and-sexist-to-assume-that-a-sexually-active-woman-cannot-be-raped-Anyone-conducting-two-finger-test-will-be-guilty-of-misconduct-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"887\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Prachi Bhardwaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prachi Bhardwaj\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/01\/two-finger-test-banned-sexually-active-women-can-be-raped-guilty-misconduct-supreme-court-legal-updates-research-guidelines-news\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/01\/two-finger-test-banned-sexually-active-women-can-be-raped-guilty-misconduct-supreme-court-legal-updates-research-guidelines-news\/\",\"name\":\"Patriarchal & sexist to assume that a sexually active woman cannot be raped; 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Holds that dragging sexual history of the rape survivor in a case, by making observations about her body, is unconstitutional","author":"Editor","date":"April 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of Pakistan: In a significant decision, the 3 Judge Bench of the Court comprising of Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Mazhar Alam Khan Miankhel and Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, JJ., while deliberating upon issues revolving around the scientific veracity of virginity tests to ascertain rape and questioning a woman\u2019s sexual\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":224757,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/01\/30\/guj-hc-two-finger-test-violates-the-right-of-victim-to-privacy-physical-and-mental-integrity-and-dignity-held-unconstitutional\/","url_meta":{"origin":276414,"position":1},"title":"Guj HC | Two finger test violates the right of victim to privacy, physical and mental integrity and dignity; held unconstitutional","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 30, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Two Finger test Held -- Unconstitutional Gujarat High Court: A Division Bench of J.B. Pardiwala and Bhargav D. Karia, JJ., while deciding \u00a0the two clubbed appeals, held that, \u201cTwo-finger test is unconstitutional. It violates the right of the victim to privacy, physical and mental integrity and dignity.\u201d Court while analysing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":242163,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/01\/12\/virginity-tests-are-invasive-offensive-and-discriminatory-and-blatantly-violate-the-dignity-of-a-woman-justice-ayesha-a-malik-detailed-report\/","url_meta":{"origin":276414,"position":2},"title":"\u201cVirginity tests are invasive, offensive, and discriminatory and blatantly violate the dignity of a woman\u201d \u2013 Justice Ayesha A. Malik || Detailed Report","author":"Editor","date":"January 12, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Lahore High Court: While deliberating upon the writ petitions challenging the use and conduct of \u2018virginity tests\u2019 especially \u201cTwo-finger Test\u201d and \u201cHymen Examination\u201d in cases of rape and sexual abuse, Ayesha A. Malik, J., held that the virginity tests, carried out for the purposes of ascertaining the virginity of female\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/LHC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/LHC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/LHC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/LHC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/LHC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":301787,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/09\/18\/orissa-hc-acquits-rape-convict-for-lack-of-evidence-and-consensual-relationship-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":276414,"position":3},"title":"Orissa HC acquits rape convict for lack of evidence and consensual relationship; desists two-finger test","author":"Editor","date":"September 18, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cTwo-finger test is no less than adding an unforgettable insult to an unhealed injury. The test violates the right to privacy, physical, mental integrity and dignity\u201d.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"orissa high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":265794,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/04\/25\/ban-the-practice-of-two-finger-test-on-victims-of-sexual-offences-by-medical-professionals\/","url_meta":{"origin":276414,"position":4},"title":"Ban the practice of two-finger test on victims of sexual offences by medical professionals: Madras HC to State","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 25, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court: Stating that two-finger test cannot be permitted to be continued, the Division Bench of R. Subramanian and N. Sathish Kumar, JJ., directed the State Government to ban the practice of two-finger test on victims of sexual offences by the medical professionals. In the present matter, the accused\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Madras High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Madras-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Madras-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Madras-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Madras-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Madras-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":230630,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/08\/sikk-hc-minor-school-girl-raped-and-sexually-assaulted-by-teacher-conviction-under-s-3762fi-and-n-of-penal-code-upheld\/","url_meta":{"origin":276414,"position":5},"title":"Sikk HC | Minor school girl raped and sexually assaulted by teacher; Conviction under S. 376(2)(f)(i) and (n) of Penal Code &#8212; upheld","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"June 8, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Sikkim High Court: A Division Bench of Meenakshi Madan Rai and Bhaskar Raj Pradhan, JJ. partly allowed the present appeal wherein a teacher sexually assaulted his minor students. Appellant was tried, convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for offences of rape, aggravated penetrative sexual assault and for assault on the minor\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=276414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276414\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/276415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=276414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=276414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=276414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}