{"id":276048,"date":"2022-10-21T13:00:10","date_gmt":"2022-10-21T07:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=276048"},"modified":"2022-10-21T13:00:10","modified_gmt":"2022-10-21T07:30:10","slug":"delhi-high-court-central-government-inspecting-books-and-accounts-of-gems-and-jewellery-export-promotion-council-does-not-establish-that-it-controls-financial-aspect-not-state-under-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/21\/delhi-high-court-central-government-inspecting-books-and-accounts-of-gems-and-jewellery-export-promotion-council-does-not-establish-that-it-controls-financial-aspect-not-state-under-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Delhi High Court |Central Government inspecting books and accounts of Gems and Jewellery Export Promotion Council does not establish that it controls financial aspect ; Not \u2018State\u2019 under Art 12"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">&#160; &#160;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><b>Delhi High Court<\/b>: In an appeal filed challenging the judgment passed by the Single Judge whereby the writ petition of the Appellant was dismissed on the ground that it was not maintainable as Gems &amp; Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) did not fall within the ambit of State under Article 12, a Division Bench of Satish Chandra Sharma CJ., and Subramonium JJ., held that the writ petition would not be maintainable as the GJEPC, does not fall within the ambit of &#8220;State&#8221; and &#8220;other authorities&#8221; under Article 12 as GJEPC does not satisfy any of the requirements or tests laid down by various Judgements of the Supreme Court for establishing whether or not an authority can be deemed to be a &#8220;State&#8221; under Article 12 or not.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that Article 12 should not be stretched so as to bring in every autonomous body which has some nexus with the government within the sweep of the expression &#8220;State&#8221;. The State control, however vast and pervasive, is not determinative. The financial contribution by the State is also not conclusive. The combination of State aid coupled with an unusual degree of control over the management and policies of the body, and rendering of an important public service being the obligatory functions of the State may largely point out that the body is &#8220;State&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">Placing reliance on <i>Pradeep Kumar Biswas<\/i> v. <i>Indian Institute of Chemical Biology<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000031769\">(2002) 5 SCC 111<\/a> and <i>Zee Telefilms. Ltd.<\/i> v. <i>Union of India<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000036582\">(2005) 4 SCC 649<\/a>, the Court observed that the control that must be exercised by the State over the authority should be pervasive in nature to the extent that the authority should have limited autonomy. These are the broad guidelines that must be borne in mind when venturing into the question as to whether or not a certain authorities can be termed to be a &#8220;State&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, the Court analyzed MoA, AoA and other documents to discern whether GJEPC can be brought within the net of &#8220;other authorities&#8221; for the purpose of Article 12 and observed that a deep dive into the AoA and MoA of the GJEPC only brings forth the understanding that the GJEPC is a nodal agency, meant to mediate between exporters of gems and jewellery, and the Central Government.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further noted that the function performed by the GJEPC cannot be termed as &#8220;public duty&#8221; and any administrative or financial hold that the Central Government is deemed to have over GJEPC is far from pervasive. The GJEPC retains its autonomous character and it is the CoA which not only looks after the affairs of the GJEPC, but is also empowered to make rules and regulations with regard to conditions of service, appointment, elections, etc. GJEPC does not satisfy any of the requirements or tests laid down by various Judgements of the Supreme Court for establishing whether or not an authority can be deemed to be a &#8220;State&#8221; under Article 12.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court thus, held that the impugned judgement wherein it was held that the writ petition would not be maintainable as the GJEPC does not fall within the ambit of &#8220;State&#8221; and &#8220;other authorities&#8221; under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574842\">12<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\">Constitution of India<\/a>, is legally firm and does not require any interference on the part of this Court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Jitarani Udgata v. Union of India, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/v0mokQ4U\">2022 SCC OnLine Del 3449<\/a>, decided on 17-10-2022<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Anoop Chaudhari &amp; Ms. June Chaudhari Senior Advocates with Mr. Samarth Chowdhary, Advocate, for the Appellants;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Vivekanand Mishra &amp; Mr. Aayushmaan Vatsyayana, Advocates, for the Respondent 1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Jayant Mehta, Senior Advocate with Mr. Aman Raj Gandhi, Mr. Vardaan Bajaj &amp; Mr. Abhishek Tiwari, Advocates, for the Respondent 2.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Arunima Bose, Editorial Assistant has put this report together.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160; &#160; Delhi High Court: In an appeal filed challenging the judgment passed by the Single Judge whereby the writ petition of <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":268833,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[42285,33622,34639,52488,3639,31790,24674],"class_list":["post-276048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-article-12","tag-gems-and-jewellery","tag-ministry-of-commerce-and-industry","tag-pervasive-control","tag-public_duty","tag-public-function","tag-state"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Delhi High Court |Central Government inspecting books and accounts of Gems and Jewellery Export Promotion Council does not establish that it controls financial aspect ; 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Not \u2018State\u2019 under Art 12"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/","name":"SCC Times","description":"Bringing you the Best Analytical Legal News","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/84e42bab48238baf12c7e33b3d9761fe","name":"Editor","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34e366be721c41333586de05faa13743195f5b142dcd7a015c6fabd2389521d0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34e366be721c41333586de05faa13743195f5b142dcd7a015c6fabd2389521d0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Editor"},"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/author\/editor_4\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/delhi_high_court.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":299579,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/18\/delhi-high-court-air-india-not-state-under-article-12-employees-public-employment\/","url_meta":{"origin":276048,"position":0},"title":"Delhi High Court| Air India not \u2018State\u2019 under Article 12 after privatization; Employees of Air India Limited no longer fall within the domain of \u2018public employment\u2019","author":"Arunima","date":"August 18, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, a writ cannot be issued against a Government- entity which has been subsequently privatized and no longer performs any public duty.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":209499,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/02\/05\/moci-ad-hoc-national-committee-of-domestic-council-for-gems-and-jewellery\/","url_meta":{"origin":276048,"position":1},"title":"MoCI | Ad-hoc National Committee of Domestic Council for Gems and Jewellery","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 5, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Gems and Jewellery Domestic Council An Ad-hoc National Committee of Domestic Council for Gems and Jewellery consisting 14 Members representing various associations of Gems and Jewellery Sector has been constituted to draft Memorandum and Article of Association and other Rules\/Bye-laws of the Domestic Council. The Government is supporting the process\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Business News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Business News","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/business_news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Jewellery-council-of-India.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Jewellery-council-of-India.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Jewellery-council-of-India.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Jewellery-council-of-India.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Jewellery-council-of-India.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":373432,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/22\/del-hc-bar-association-not-state-article-12\/","url_meta":{"origin":276048,"position":2},"title":"Bar Association Not &#8216;State&#8217;, No Writ of Mandamus maintainable for alleged trespass in Court Chamber: Delhi High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"January 22, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cBar Association is a body of private individual lawyers and in normal discharge of its functions, it does not perform any function which can be said to be a public function\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bar Association not State","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bar-Association-not-State.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bar-Association-not-State.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bar-Association-not-State.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bar-Association-not-State.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":312369,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/01\/29\/delhi-high-court-rules-south-asian-university-not-state-writ-jurisdiction-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":276048,"position":3},"title":"Delhi High Court holds South Asian University to be out of the purview of \u2018State\u2019 and thus not amenable to writ jurisdiction","author":"Arunima","date":"January 29, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The interpretation of the term other authority has evolved over a period of time where the judicial dictum, at various instances has decided for inclusion or exclusion of various authorities under Article 12 of the Constitution of India.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":299500,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/17\/delhi-hc-air-india-limited-is-no-longer-amenable-under-article-226-of-the-constitution\/","url_meta":{"origin":276048,"position":4},"title":"Air India Limited being a private entity is no longer amenable to writ jurisdiction: Delhi High Court","author":"Editor","date":"August 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe writ petition, while initially deemed maintainable, has since become non-maintainable due to the privatization of Air India Limited. This development has rendered it beyond this Court's jurisdiction to issue any writ, order, or direction against the respondents.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240009,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/02\/all-hc-does-article-12-of-constitution-of-india-covers-private-financial-institutions-under-its-ambit-hc-reiterates-law-laid-down-by-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":276048,"position":5},"title":"All HC | Does Article 12 of Constitution of India cover &#8216;Private Financial Institutions&#8217; under its ambit? 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