{"id":275973,"date":"2022-10-20T11:00:02","date_gmt":"2022-10-20T05:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=275973"},"modified":"2022-10-20T11:00:02","modified_gmt":"2022-10-20T05:30:02","slug":"section-149-ipc-vicarious-liability-impact-of-reduction-number-of-accused-below-five-due-to-death-coaccused-supreme-court-legal-research-updates-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/20\/section-149-ipc-vicarious-liability-impact-of-reduction-number-of-accused-below-five-due-to-death-coaccused-supreme-court-legal-research-updates-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Explained| Vicarious liability under Section 149 IPC: Impact of reduction in number of convicts below five on account of death of co-accused"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>: The bench of <strong>CT Ravikumar*<\/strong> and Sudhanshu Dhulia, JJ\u00a0 has held that merely because some of the convicts had died during the pendency of the case, it would not lead to non applicability of the provision for constructive\/vicarious liability, arising out of the achievement of the common object by the unlawful assembly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court was deciding the case where ten persons were convicted for committing offences under Sections 324\/149 and 323\/149. They jointly filed an appeal before the Allahabad High Court. However, during the pendency of the appeal seven of them died and consequently, qua them the Appeal was dismissed as abated. The appeal of the remaining three was dismissed and the conviction and the sentences were confirmed. Only two out of these three jointly preferred an appeal before the Supreme Court but one of them died.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Question before the Court was whether the reduction in number of the convicts below five on account of death of the co-accused got any impact or effect on the surviving convict(s) in the matter of consideration of his\/their, vicarious liability in view of Section 149, I.P.C.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Answering the issue, the Supreme Court observed that there can be no two views on the position that reduction of number of accused\/convicts in an appeal, below five on account of acquittal of co-accused\/co-convicts and such reduction in numbers below five due to death of co-convicts are different and distinct.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While, the term \u2018abatement\u2019 or \u2018abate\u2019 has not been defined in Cr.P.C., as per Black\u2019s Law Dictionary, 10th Edition, abatement means \u2018the discontinuation of criminal proceedings before they are concluded in the normal course of litigation, as when the defendant dies\u2019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hence, an appeal against conviction (except an appeal from a sentence of fine) would abate on the death of the appellant as in such a situation, the sentence under appeal could no longer be executed. The abatement is certainly different from acquittal and a mere glance at the proviso to Section 394 (2), Cr.P.C., will make this position very clear.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Applying the law on the case at hand, the Court observed that the mere fact that seven out of the ten convicts died, either during the pendency of Criminal Appeal before the High Court or during the pendency of appeal before the Supreme Court, could not be a reason, by that itself, to canvass non applicability of the provision for constructive\/vicarious liability, arising out of the achievement of the common object by the unlawful assembly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court confirmed the finding of the High Court after observing that the very fact that the members of the unlawful assembly, ten in numbers assembled at the place armed not only with firearms but with other lethal weapons as well and the manner in which they committed the violence and killed one Dalip Singh over a property dispute, would definitely lend support to the said finding.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[Gurmail Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/JmiSz6DY\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 1439<\/a>, decided on 17.10.2022]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*Judgement by: Justice CT Ravikumar<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court: The bench of CT Ravikumar* and Sudhanshu Dhulia, JJ\u00a0 has held that merely because some of the convicts had died <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":275979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[30362,15081,2557,52464,47948,20481],"class_list":["post-275973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-abatement","tag-common-object","tag-Criminal_Trial","tag-death-of-co-accused","tag-section-149-ipc","tag-vicarious-liability"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Explained| Vicarious liability under Section 149 IPC: Impact of reduction in number of convicts below five on account of death of co-accused | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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acts&#8217;; SC upholds conviction of 3 in murder case","author":"Apoorva","date":"October 31, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe Trial Court overlooked the consistent and corroborated testimony of injured eyewitnesses and failed to appreciate the legal effect of the active participation of the appellants as members of an unlawful assembly. 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The appeals against conviction where the accused are on bail take a backseat\u201d.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"appeal against conviction","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/appeal-against-conviction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/appeal-against-conviction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/appeal-against-conviction.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/appeal-against-conviction.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":241424,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/28\/when-can-members-of-a-group-be-held-individually-guilty-for-an-offence-supreme-explains-applicability-of-sections-34-and-149-of-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":275973,"position":3},"title":"When can members of a group be held individually guilty for an offence? Supreme Court explains applicability of Sections 34 and 149 of IPC","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"December 28, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Explaining the difference between Sections 34 and 149 of the IPC, the 3-judge bench of NV Ramana, Surya Kant* and Aniruddha Bose, JJ has held that \u201cAlthough both Section 34 and 149 of the IPC are modes for apportioning vicarious liability on the individual members of a group,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":225355,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/02\/10\/sl-coa-court-rejects-appeal-in-case-of-murder-convicts-to-be-hanged\/","url_meta":{"origin":275973,"position":4},"title":"SL CoA | Court rejects appeal in case of murder; convicts to be hanged","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 10, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Court of Appeal of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: A Division Bench of K.K. Wickremasinghe and K. Priyantha Fernando, JJ., dismissed an appeal filed aggrieved by the judgment of High Court which convicted the three appellants for the count of murder punishable under Section 296 to be read\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":345752,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/04\/14\/amendment-charges-de-novo-trial-honour-killing-conviction-allahabad-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":275973,"position":5},"title":"\u2018Amendment of charges post witness examination should not lead to de novo trial\u2019; Allahabad HC upholds conviction of seven men in honour killing case","author":"Apoorva","date":"April 14, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Allahabad High Court said that the deposition of the informant, recorded during his examination-in-chief and cross-examination prior to the amendment of charges, could not be discarded merely because of his subsequent statements made during the later examination-in-chief conducted after the inclusion of Sections 504 and 506 IPC.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Allahabad High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275973\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}