{"id":274674,"date":"2022-09-29T12:00:55","date_gmt":"2022-09-29T06:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=274674"},"modified":"2022-09-29T12:00:55","modified_gmt":"2022-09-29T06:30:55","slug":"bombay-high-court-writ-petitions-against-air-india-by-its-employees-cease-to-be-maintainable-after-privatization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/29\/bombay-high-court-writ-petitions-against-air-india-by-its-employees-cease-to-be-maintainable-after-privatization\/","title":{"rendered":"Bombay High Court | Writ Petitions against Air India by its employees cease to be maintainable after privatization"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">&#160; &#160;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><b>Bombay High Court<\/b>: In total 4 writ petitions were filed against Air India Ltd.\/AIL (&#8216;respondent&#8217;) by the AIL employees (&#8216;petitioners&#8217;), being employed from late 1980s and retired between 2016 and 2018 alleging stagnation in pay and non-promotion of the petitioners along with anomalies in the fixation of pay due to the implementation of the report of the Justice Dharmadhikari Committee, which was constituted by the UoI (through its Ministry of Civil Aviation) to harmonize the differential service conditions of AIL and Indian Airlines Ltd., which came to be merged, a Division Bench of Dipankar Datta CJ., and M S Karnik J., held that the writ petitions although maintainable on the dates they were instituted, have ceased to be maintainable by reason of privatization of AIL which takes it beyond the jurisdiction to issue a writ or order or direction to it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court remarked that when the Air Corporations Act, 1953 was operative, Air India was a statutory body. Thereafter, with the repeal of the said Act by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002928198\">Air Corporations (Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1994<\/a>, Air India ceased to exist but upon its incorporation, AIL became a wholly owned Government company and, thus, an &#8216;other authority&#8217; within the meaning of Article 12. That position subsisted when these writ petitions were instituted and continued thereafter till privatization of AIL. There is, thus, no doubt that this Court was competent to receive the writ petitions when the same were presented but not maintainable at present.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The question for consideration was regarding maintainability of the writ petitions owing to the intervening event of privatization of AIL, the principal respondent, between institution of the writ petitions and its final hearing before the Court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that the change in the status of the &#8216;authority&#8217; against whom the writ was initially claimed to play a significant role in determining the issue of maintainability.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">In <i>Beg Raj Singh<\/i> v. <i>State of UP<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000032922\">(2003) 1 SCC 726<\/a>, the Court laid down in para 7 that<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><i>A petitioner, though entitled to relief in law, may yet be denied relief in equity because of subsequent or intervening events i.e., the events between the commencement of litigation and the date of decision. The relief to which the petitioner is held entitled may have been rendered redundant by lapse of time or may have been rendered incapable of being granted by change in law.<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">In <i>Rajesh D. Darbar<\/i> v. <i>Narasingrao Krishnaji Kulkarni<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000033344\">(2003) 7 SCC 219<\/a>, the Court laid down that the <i>courts are entitled to mould, vary or reshape the relief to make it justly relevant in the updated circumstances, provided<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><i>(i) circumstances in which modified remedy is claimed are exceptional;<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><i>(ii) such modification, if the statute on which the legal question is based, inhibits by its scheme or otherwise, such change; and<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><i>(iii) the party claiming the relief must have the same right from which either the first or the modified remedy may flow. We do not see any reason to hold that conditions (ii) and (iii) are satisfied in view of the very scheme of a writ remedy.<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that Article 226 would not arm the Courts to issue a writ to any authority or person not comprehended within its meaning and thus, they are precluded from issuing any writ to AIL in the changed circumstances.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">R S Madireddy v. Union of India, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/5113JCZw\">2022 SCC OnLine Bom 2657<\/a>, decided on 20-09-2022<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Sanjay Singhvi, Senior Advocate a\/w Ms. Rohini Thyagarajan, Pankaj Sutar and Ms. Shanvi Punamiya i\/b. M\/s. Jayakar and Partners, Advocates, for the Petitioners\/applicants;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Dashrath A. Dube, Advocates, for the Union of India;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Darius Khambhata, Senior Advocate, Mr. Kevic Setalvad, Senior Advocate a\/w Mr. Aditya Mehta, Sneha Prabhu, Mr. S.D. Shetty, Mr. Rakesh Singh, Mr. Ravi Kini, Shristi Shetty and Jehan Lalkaka i\/by. M. V. Kini &amp; Co., Advocates, for the respondent 3 and 4;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">Mr. Muralidhar Khadilkar a\/w. Mr. Aakash Joshi for proposed respondent 5 in IA(L)\/25662\/2022.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Arunima Bose, Editorial Assistant has put this report together.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160; &#160; Bombay High Court: In total 4 writ petitions were filed against Air India Ltd.\/AIL (&#8216;respondent&#8217;) by the AIL employees (&#8216;petitioners&#8217;), <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":261881,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[41575,42285,2518,9881,9821,52054,52055,24674,32664],"class_list":["post-274674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-air-india-limited","tag-article-12","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-fundamental-right","tag-maintainability","tag-other-authority","tag-privatization","tag-state","tag-writ"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bombay High Court | Writ Petitions against Air India by its employees cease to be maintainable after privatization | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In total 4 writ 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High Court dismisses petition by Air India Employees Union alleging their \u2018right to occupy\u2019 allotted accommodations after privatization","author":"Arunima","date":"March 15, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court observed that if such a small number of employees continue to hold on to the accommodations, the AIAHCL will not be able to monetize the land to reduce the burden of debt AIL put on it.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-581.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-581.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, 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This development has rendered it beyond this Court's jurisdiction to issue any writ, order, or direction against the respondents.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":323701,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/06\/whether-air-india-after-privatisation-can-be-subjected-writ-jurisdiction-high-court-supreme-court-answers\/","url_meta":{"origin":274674,"position":2},"title":"Whether Air India after its privatisation can be subjected to writ jurisdiction of High Court? Supreme Court answers","author":"Apoorva","date":"June 6, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court noted that the Division Bench of Bombay High Court, only denied equitable relief under Article 226 of the Constitution of India to the appellants but at the same time, rights of the appellants to claim relief in law before the appropriate forum have been protected.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Air India","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/01-67.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/01-67.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/01-67.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/01-67.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":299579,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/18\/delhi-high-court-air-india-not-state-under-article-12-employees-public-employment\/","url_meta":{"origin":274674,"position":3},"title":"Delhi High Court| Air India not \u2018State\u2019 under Article 12 after privatization; Employees of Air India Limited no longer fall within the domain of \u2018public employment\u2019","author":"Arunima","date":"August 18, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, a writ cannot be issued against a Government- entity which has been subsequently privatized and no longer performs any public duty.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":358480,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/30\/bom-hc-post-privatisation-air-india-no-longer-subject-to-writ-jurisdiction-not-discharging-public-duty\/","url_meta":{"origin":274674,"position":4},"title":"Bombay High Court: Air India no longer subject to writ jurisdiction post privatisation due to absence of public duty","author":"Editor","date":"August 30, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cApplying the functionality test, we do not find that Air India Ltd., is discharging any public function. Its status is that of a private company, established with sole commercial object of making profit.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Air India no longer subject to writ jurisdiction","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Air-India-no-longer-subject-to-writ-jurisdiction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Air-India-no-longer-subject-to-writ-jurisdiction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Air-India-no-longer-subject-to-writ-jurisdiction.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Air-India-no-longer-subject-to-writ-jurisdiction.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":324043,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/11\/withholding-portion-of-salary-emoluments-is-not-cheating-or-criminal-breach-of-trust-bhc-scc-time\/","url_meta":{"origin":274674,"position":5},"title":"Withholding a portion of salary\/emoluments by an employer does not amount to cheating or criminal breach of trust: Bombay High Court","author":"Simranjeet","date":"June 11, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"A same act may not amount to cheating and criminal breach of trust at the same time as for cheating, dishonest intention must exist at the inception of the transaction, whereas, for criminal breach of trust, there must exist a relationship between the parties, whereby one party entrusts another with\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=274674"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274674\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/261881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=274674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=274674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=274674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}