{"id":273290,"date":"2022-09-08T18:00:07","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T12:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=273290"},"modified":"2022-09-08T18:00:07","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T12:30:07","slug":"supreme-court-karnataka-high-court-section-302-of-the-penal-code-section-378-crpc-conviction-acquittal-unlawful-assembly-murder-common-object-first-information-reports-rioting-trespass-wi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/08\/supreme-court-karnataka-high-court-section-302-of-the-penal-code-section-378-crpc-conviction-acquittal-unlawful-assembly-murder-common-object-first-information-reports-rioting-trespass-wi\/","title":{"rendered":"Reversing acquittal of only 2 out of 22 acquitted murder accused, despite glaring contradictions between witness testimonies, illogical; SC sets aside Karnataka HC verdict"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">&#160; &#160;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court<\/span>: In an appeal against the Karnataka High Court&#39;s reversal of acquittal of 2 out of the 22 accused acquitted by the Sessions Court in a murder case, the bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">V. Ramasubramanian*<\/span>and Indira Banerjee, JJ has reversed the High Court&#39;s verdict observing that there were glaring contradictions between the testimony of the witnesses. <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">In this case all the 22 accused armed with deadly weapons formed themselves into an unlawful assembly and committed trespass by entering into the house of the deceased and committed his murder, in furtherance of a common object. The Sessions Court acquitted all 22 accused including the appellants, however, the High Court convicted the appellants, by observing that there was consistency in the evidence of eyewitnesses with regard to their participation in the commission of the offence and the Trial Court erroneously acquitted them, when there was sufficient material on record to hold them guilty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that the above findings of the High Court appear to be illogical as the primary charge of the prosecution was that all the 22 accused, formed themselves into an unlawful assembly with the common object of committing the murder of the deceased and that all of them being members of the unlawful assembly were armed with deadly weapons and that they committed the offence of rioting, trespass and murder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\">The Court observed that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;We do not know how, in the facts and circumstances of the case, the conviction of only 2 out of the 22 accused can be sustained and that too only for the offence under Section 302 when the allegation of unlawful assembly, common object, trespass, rioting etc. are held not proved against all of them&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">Moreover, the State has not come up with any appeal against the acquittal of all the other accused nor was there any explanation as to why there were two First Information Reports.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court took note of the ruling in <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Arvind Kumar v. State of Rajasthan<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/SzpDuAtN\">2021 SCC Online SC 1099<\/a> wherein the court held that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;the principle that when a witness deposes falsehood, the evidence in its entirety has to be eschewed may not have strict application to the criminal jurisprudence in our country&#8221;, <\/span>and thus viewed that the High Court was right that the evidence of eyewitnesses cannot be rejected by invoking the theory of &#8216;<i>falsus in uno falsus in omnibus<\/i>&#39;, as this principle may not have unadulterated application to criminal jurisprudence. However, when there are glaring contradictions between the testimony of these two witnesses on the type of material object used and even on the role of one accused, the very foundation of the case of the prosecution stood shaken.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that the High Court should have come up with stronger and cogent reasons than what has been recorded as the law on the scope of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519664\">378<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\">Code of Criminal Procedure<\/a> (CrPC), is too well settled.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">Placing reliance on <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ravi Sharma v. Government of NCT of Delhi,<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/8oc3C4fC\">2022 SCC Online SC 859<\/a> the Court viewed that the impugned judgment of the High Court is not in accordance with the law traced in this decision, hence, the conviction of the appellants cannot be sustained.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Ramabora v. State of Karnataka, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/ENctKK7M\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 996<\/a> , decided on 10.08.2022<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment by: Justice V. Ramasubramanian<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#160; &#160; Supreme Court: In an appeal against the Karnataka High Court&#39;s reversal of acquittal of 2 out of the 22 accused <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":273294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[4561,15081,3468,51559,51560,28334,2948,51561,38402,51562,5363,36775,15071,6672],"class_list":["post-273290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-acquittal","tag-common-object","tag-conviction","tag-falsus-in-uno-falsus-in-omnibus","tag-first-information-reports","tag-karnataka-high-court","tag-murder","tag-rioting","tag-section-302-of-the-penal-code","tag-section-378-of-the-code-of-criminal-procedure","tag-supreme-court","tag-trespass","tag-unlawful-assembly","tag-witness"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Reversing acquittal of only 2 out of 22 acquitted murder accused, despite glaring contradictions between witness testimonies, illogical; 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Shantanagoudar, JJ. dismissed an appeal filed by the State of U.P. against the judgment of Allahabad High Court whereby it had reversed the decision the decision of trial court and acquitted the accused of charges under Sections 302 and 307\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":336773,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/12\/07\/doctrine-falsus-in-uno-falsus-in-omnibus-doesnt-apply-in-india-courts-must-separate-reliable-evidence-from-exaggerations-jk-high-court-scc-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":273290,"position":1},"title":"Doctrine \u201cFalsus in uno, falsus in omnibus\u201d doesn&#8217;t apply in India; Courts must separate reliable evidence from exaggerations: J&amp;K High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"December 7, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cIt is the duty of the Court to remove the chaff from the grain in its pursuit for truth. It is not open to the trial Court to throw out the entire prosecution evidence just because it was contradictory on certain aspects of the case.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-and-Ladakh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-and-Ladakh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-and-Ladakh-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-and-Ladakh-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":196710,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/06\/06\/finding-of-acquittal-is-not-to-be-disturbed-if-there-are-two-views-possible-arising-out-of-the-same-facts\/","url_meta":{"origin":273290,"position":2},"title":"Finding of acquittal is not to be disturbed if there are two views possible arising out of the same facts","author":"Saba","date":"June 6, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The Bench comprising of M.M. Shantanagoudar, J., delivering a judgment for himself and L. Nageswara Rao, J., disposed of a criminal appeal by modifying the conviction of the appellant by setting aside his conviction under Section 302 IPC while upholding the conviction under Section 326. The Appellant (Accused\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":334414,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/11\/05\/supreme-court-upholds-acquittal-of-three-in-28-year-old-murder-case\/","url_meta":{"origin":273290,"position":3},"title":"\u2018FIR not an encyclopedia, but can be used to corroborate or contradict informant\u2019; SC upholds acquittal of 3 in 28-year-old murder case","author":"Editor","date":"November 5, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe prime object of FIR, from the point of view of the informant is to set the criminal law in motion and from the point of the investigating authorities is to obtain information about the alleged activity to enable them to take suitable steps to trace and book the guilty.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"acquittal in murder case","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/acquittal-in-murder-case.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/acquittal-in-murder-case.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/acquittal-in-murder-case.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/acquittal-in-murder-case.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":365291,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/31\/sc-unlawful-assembly-vicarious-liability-section-149-conviction-murder-case\/","url_meta":{"origin":273290,"position":4},"title":"&#8216;Members of unlawful assembly vicariously liable once common object and participation are proved, regardless of individual acts&#8217;; SC upholds conviction of 3 in murder case","author":"Apoorva","date":"October 31, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe Trial Court overlooked the consistent and corroborated testimony of injured eyewitnesses and failed to appreciate the legal effect of the active participation of the appellants as members of an unlawful assembly. The High Court, in reversing the acquittal, has given cogent and well-reasoned findings based on a proper appraisal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"unlawful assembly","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":216566,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/06\/pak-sc-acquittal-in-a-criminal-case-carries-a-presumption-of-innocence-with-it-and-should-be-reversed-only-when-finding-blatantly-perverse\/","url_meta":{"origin":273290,"position":5},"title":"Pak SC | Acquittal in a criminal case, carries a presumption of innocence with it and should be reversed only when finding blatantly perverse","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 6, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Pakistan Supreme Court: A Full Bench of Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Syed Mansoor Ali Shah and Qazi Muhammad Amin Ahmed, JJ. allowed the appeal by the accused against the order given by Lahore High Court and set aside his conviction and sentence. Appellant herein was tried alongside two persons Abdul Razzaq\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=273290"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273290\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/273294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=273290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=273290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=273290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}