{"id":273156,"date":"2022-09-06T17:00:56","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T11:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=273156"},"modified":"2022-09-06T17:00:56","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T11:30:56","slug":"chhattisgarh-high-court-customary-divorce-separation-valid-divorce-when-custom-is-proved-hindu-marriage-act-code-of-civil-procedure-irretrievable-breakdown-aeof-marriage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/06\/chhattisgarh-high-court-customary-divorce-separation-valid-divorce-when-custom-is-proved-hindu-marriage-act-code-of-civil-procedure-irretrievable-breakdown-aeof-marriage\/","title":{"rendered":"Chhattisgarh High Court | Customary divorce reduced into writing followed by separation would be a valid divorce when custom is proved ancient"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

   <\/p>\n

Chhattisgarh High Court<\/b>: In a case related to an appeal filed against the decision of the family Court, whereby an application filed by the husband seeking divorce was dismissed, Goutam Bhaduri, J. held that the marriage must be stand dissolved under S. 13<\/a> of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955<\/a> (‘HMA’) by a decree of divorce primarily on the ground of customary divorce followed by the desertion of each other. Further, for a custom to have a colour of a rule of law, it is necessary for a party claiming it to plead the custom as ancientIn this case, the parties were married in 1982 and eventually a customary divorce was executed in 1994. As the customary divorce was not recognized by the employer of the parties, the husband filed an application under S. 13<\/a> HMA in 1995<\/a>, wherein an ex-parte decree of divorce was passed. Subsequently, the appellant performed a second marriage and thereafter an application was filed by the wife under O. 9 R. 13<\/a> of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<\/a> (‘CPC’) to set aside the earlier ex-parte decree.<\/p>\n

The Family Court set aside the ex-parte decree. Thereafter, the initial suit continued and eventually it was dismissed by the impugned order. The wife further filed a civil suit for declaration with a prayer that customary divorce is bad in law and would not be operative, the suit was eventually dismissed and however the wife succeeded in the appeal. In such judgment the Appellate Court observed that since the appeal pertaining to same issue is pending before the High Court any finding given by the High Court would prevail over the finding of the appellate court.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that “a plain reading of S. 29(2) HMA, clears that a marriage can still be dissolved in accordance with the custom governing the parties or under any other law providing for the same. The operating words of this section that ‘nothing contained in this Act shall be deemed to affect any right recognised by custom’ would lead to demonstrate that the provisions of the Act do not nullify the existence of any custom which confers a right on a party to obtain a dissolution of a Hindu marriage”<\/b>.<\/p>\n

It is further viewed that normally under HMA, the dissolution of a marriage by custom is not recognized but the saving clause of S. 29(2) recognises the customary divorce unless it is against the public policy.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the parties before execution of customary divorce were living separately for three years, and it was written that they cannot adjust with each other and hence decided to get separated. It also contains that both the parties would be free to remarry after the customary divorce and even the custody of the children was also decided. Further, there is no effort of any reunion till date, and they were living separately from past 28 years and the circumstances would show that there is irretrievable breakdown of the marriage and the parties have deserted each other, both mentally and physically.<\/p>\n

The Court took note of the ruling in Bipinchandra Jaisinghbai Shah<\/i> v. Prabhavati<\/i>, 1956 SCR 838<\/a>, and observed that “to establish desertion, there must be two essential conditions namely; (i) the factum of separation; and (ii) the intention to bring cohabitation permanently to an end<\/b>“<\/p>\n

In the present case, the parties have separated for a long time and with the passage of time it do not show that there is any intention of reunion. Therefore, the Court held that Hindu marriage may be dissolved either under S.13 of HMA or under any special enactment in accordance with the custom applicable to the parties and S.29(2) HMA do not disturb the practice of customary divorce prevailing, before the Act came into force.<\/p>\n

[Duleshwar Prasad Deshmukh v. Kirtilata Deshmukh, 2022 SCC OnLine Chh 1567<\/a>, decided on 24.08.2022<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

Anurag Dayal Shrivastava, Advocate, for the Appellant;<\/p>\n

B.P. Singh, Advocate, for the Respondent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Chhattisgarh High Court: In a case related to an appeal filed against the decision of the family Court, whereby an <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":272783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[51481,51482,30591,19381,43508,2846,6221,51483,51484,51485,32627],"class_list":["post-273156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-51481","tag-1955-ex-parte-decree","tag-chhattisgarh-high-court","tag-custom","tag-customary-divorce","tag-divorce","tag-irretrievable-breakdown-of-marriage","tag-o-9-r-13-of-code-of-civil-procedure","tag-s-13-of-the-hindu-marriage-act","tag-s-292-hma","tag-separation"],"yoast_head":"\nChhattisgarh High Court | Customary divorce reduced into writing followed by separation would be a valid 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Singh, J., held that, \u201c\u2026relegating parties to customary Courts when they themselves admit that they are following Hindu customs and traditions would be antithetical to the purpose behind enacting a statute like the HMA, 1955.\u201d Question for Consideration: Applicability of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":235976,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/09\/18\/madras-hc-can-plea-of-customary-divorce-be-considered-as-a-valid-defence-while-departmental-proceeding-for-bigamy-is-initiated-hc-considers-scope-of-defence-under-service-rules\/","url_meta":{"origin":273156,"position":1},"title":"Madras HC | Can plea of customary divorce be considered as a valid defence while departmental proceeding for bigamy is initiated? 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Teeka Raman, J., while addressing a petition observed that, \"A plea of customary divorce is a valid defence in departmental proceedings initiated for the misconduct of bigamy under Service Rules\/Conduct Rules.\" The instant petition was sought to set aside the punishment order imposed in proceedings under\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":368585,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/03\/delhi-high-court-customary-divorce-cogent-evidence-second-marriage-held-void\/","url_meta":{"origin":273156,"position":2},"title":"Customary Divorce to be proved with cogent evidence; Delhi HC holds Second Marriage void after woman fails to prove Customary Divorce from Prior Marriage","author":"Ritu","date":"December 3, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Section 29(2) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 protects only valid customary divorces, and in the present case the evidence was insufficient in law to prove either the existence of such a custom in the community or the factum of her own divorce.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Customary Divorce","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Customary-Divorce.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Customary-Divorce.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Customary-Divorce.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Customary-Divorce.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":218731,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/08\/28\/raj-hc-decree-of-divorce-granted-in-light-of-compromise-arrived-between-the-parties\/","url_meta":{"origin":273156,"position":3},"title":"Raj HC | Decree of Divorce granted in light of compromise arrived between the parties","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 28, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Rajasthan High Court: The Division Bench comprising of Narendra Singh Dhaddha and Mohammad Rafiq, JJ. allowed a decree of divorce which was filed through a joint application under Section 13 B(1) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. In the present case, a joint application was filed by the husband and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":244254,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/23\/divorce-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":273156,"position":4},"title":"Cal HC | When can S. 29(2) of Hindu Marriage Act come to rescue of parties seeking to prove divorce on basis of custom? Read the case of a second ‘wife’ denied widow pension","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 23, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court: Sabyasachi Bhattacharyya, J., expressed that: Where a conflict arises between individual conscience of the concerned Judge and judicial conscience, supported by law of the land, the former has to give way to the latter. Second wife of Sardar Natha Singh (deceased) who was a freedom fighter getting\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":243444,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/05\/del-hc-can-an-application-under-s-24-hma-survive-beyond-dismissal-of-the-main-divorce-proceeding-read-why-hc-dismissed-the-applicant-for-maintenance-pendente-lite\/","url_meta":{"origin":273156,"position":5},"title":"Del HC | Can an application under S. 24 HMA survive beyond dismissal of the main divorce proceeding? Read why HC dismissed the application for maintenance pendente lite","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 5, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Prathiba M. Singh, J., dismissed an application filed under Section 24 of the Hindu Marriage Act on finding no interest in the same by the wife. Petitioner filed a divorce petition under Section 13(1)(ia) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, seeking divorce from his wife. To which\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=273156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273156\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/272783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=273156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=273156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=273156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}