{"id":268950,"date":"2022-06-24T09:00:35","date_gmt":"2022-06-24T03:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=268950"},"modified":"2022-06-24T15:24:04","modified_gmt":"2022-06-24T09:54:04","slug":"honour-killing-acquittal-28-years-later-last-seen-together-benefit-of-doubt-supreme-court-murder-conviction-criminal-law-legal-research-updates-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/24\/honour-killing-acquittal-28-years-later-last-seen-together-benefit-of-doubt-supreme-court-murder-conviction-criminal-law-legal-research-updates-news\/","title":{"rendered":"No conviction based on &#8216;last seen together&#8217; theory when possibility of suicidal death not ruled out; SC sets man free in a 28-year-old honour killing case"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court:<\/strong> Explaining the law on \u201clast seen together\u201d, the bench of Dr. DY Chandrachud and <strong>Bela M. Trivedi<\/strong>*, JJ has held that in order to convict an accused under Section 302 IPC the first and foremost aspect to be proved by prosecution is the factum of homicidal death. If the evidence of prosecution falls short of proof of homicidal death of the deceased, and if the possibility of suicidal death could not be ruled out, the accused cannot be convicted merely on the basis of the theory of \u201cLast seen together\u201d.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c<strong>The suspicion howsoever strong cannot take place of proof<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court was deciding the case where a young couple belonging to different castes were found hanging from a tree after having gone missing for days. The love affair of Brinda and Kanhaiya did not sit well with Brinda\u2019s father and uncle. While Brinda and Kanhaiya went missing on 02.12.1994, no missing report was lodged. Their decomposed bodies were found hanging from a cashew tree in a cashew nursery on 11.12.1994. It was alleged that Brinda\u2019s uncle had killed both of them and had kept the bodies in the house upto 04.12.1994, after which he had taken the bodies to the cashew nursery and had hung them on a cashew tree to give it the shape of them having committed suicide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A witness had allegedly last seen Kanhaiya with the accused 10 days prior to the date on which the bodies were found. The witness had stated that the accused had called Kanhaiya and took him to his house where he, along with four co-accused, allegedly in furtherance of common intention pressed his neck and committed his murder. Thereafter, the two co-accused committed the murder of Brinda. One of the co-accused Videshi had also made an extra-judicial confession pointing towards the guilt of the accused.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It was argued by the counsel of the accused that the testimony of the witness who had allegedly last seen Kanhaiya, having been called by the accused, was recorded after 4 months of the incident. Even as per the case of the prosecution, the said incident of calling Kanhaiya by the appellant was 10 days prior to the date on which the dead bodies were found in the Cashew Nursery, and there being long time gap between the day the deceased was allegedly last seen with the appellant and the day when his dead body was found, it was very risky to convict the accused solely on such evidence. He further submitted that the doctor who had performed the postmortem had also opined that the cause of death was asphyxia as a result of hanging and the nature was suicidal. Thus, in absence of any clear or cogent evidence against the appellant, both the courts had committed gross error in convicting the appellant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court took note of the following rulings on the \u2018last seen together\u2019 theory:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bodhraj v. State of Jammu and Kashmir, (2002) 8 SCC 45<\/strong>: The last-seen theory comes into play where the time-gap between the point of time when the accused and the deceased were last seen alive and when the deceased is found dead is so small that possibility of any person other than the accused being the author of the crime becomes impossible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Arjun Marik v. State of Bihar, 1994 Supp (2) SCC 372<\/strong>: The only circumstance of last seen will not complete the chain of circumstances to record the finding that it is consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused, and therefore no conviction on that basis alone can be founded.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hence, having regard to the totality of evidence on record, the Court held that the High Court had committed gross error in convicting the accused for the alleged charge of 302 read with 34 of IPC, relying upon a very weak kind of evidence of extra judicial confession allegedly made by the co-accused Videshi, and the theory of \u201cLast seen together\u201d propounded by the prime witness.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court observed that no evidence worth the name as to how and by whom the deceased Brinda was allegedly murdered was produced by the prosecution. Under the circumstances, it was held that the prosecution had miserably failed to bring home the charges levelled against the accused beyond reasonable doubt. The Court, hence, acquitted the accused of all the charges levelled against him.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[Chandrapal v. State of Chhattisgarh, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/8qlWN4sC\">2022 SCC OnLine SC 705<\/a>, decided on 27.05.2022]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">*Judgment by: Justice Bela M. Trivedi<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Counsels<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For appellant-accused: AOR Akshat Shrivastava, Adv Pooja Shrivastava,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For Respondent(s): Dy AG Sourav Roy, Advocates Mahesh Kumar, Kaushal Sharma, Devika Khanna, V D Khanna, VMZ Chambers<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cThe suspicion howsoever strong cannot take place of proof.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":268953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[4561,26894,6711,2557,49838,23414,23354,22624,30709,3246,49837,2948,49839,45517],"class_list":["post-268950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-acquittal","tag-benefit-of-doubt","tag-criminal-law","tag-Criminal_Trial","tag-death-by-asphyxia","tag-death-by-hanging","tag-extra-judicial-confession","tag-grounds-for-conviction","tag-homicidal-death","tag-honour_killing","tag-last-seen-together","tag-murder","tag-murder-not-proved-beyond-reasonable-doubt","tag-suicidal-death"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>No conviction based on &#039;last seen together&#039; 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Significance of \u2018last seen\u2019 theory in establishing homicidal nature of death discussed","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: The Division Bench of Sadhana S. Jadhav and N.J. Jamadar, JJ., while addressing the present matter, expressed that: Where the prosecution succeeds in discharging its primary burden and brings evidence on record which indicates that the facts, thereby proved, rest within the special knowledge of the accused,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":287257,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/03\/20\/circumstantial-evidence-to-be-accompanied-with-motive-and-corroborating-evidence-supreme-court-acquits-men-accused-of-murder-legal-news-legal-research-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":268950,"position":1},"title":"\u2018Circumstantial evidence to be accompanied with motive and corroborating evidence\u2019; Supreme Court acquits men accused in 2001 murder case","author":"Editor","date":"March 20, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Supreme Court opined that the evidence has to be scrutinized so as to ensure that the totality of the evidence and circumstances relied on, did constitute a complete chain and directly points to the guilt of the convict.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"evidence","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":258578,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/16\/honour-killing\/","url_meta":{"origin":268950,"position":2},"title":"[Honour Killing] &#8216;Could have cut off relations, instead opted to commit cold blooded murder&#8217;: Bom HC upholds death penalty of brother for pre-planned murder of sister and lover","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: \u00a0Division Bench of V.K. Jadhav and Shrikant D. Kulkarni, JJ., addressed a case of \u2018Honour Killing\u2019 by a brother of his own real sister and upheld the sentence of the death penalty. Appellant Accused\u2019s sister who was married had a love affair with another person prior to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":200361,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/08\/20\/accused-convicted-under-section-302-ipc-in-light-of-no-alternative-theory\/","url_meta":{"origin":268950,"position":3},"title":"Accused convicted under Section 302 IPC in light of \u2018no alternative theory\u2019","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: A Division Bench comprising of S. Muralidhar and Vinod Goel, JJ. dismissed a criminal appeal filed against the order of the trial court whereby the appellant was convicted under Section 302 IPC. The appellant was alleged to have murdered his wife. It was proved that the deceased\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":226505,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/03\/04\/bom-hc-act-of-pouring-kerosene-on-the-person-of-deceased-and-setting-her-on-fire-amounts-to-culpable-homicide-amounting-to-murder\/","url_meta":{"origin":268950,"position":4},"title":"Bom HC | Act of pouring kerosene on the person of deceased and setting her on fire amounts to culpable homicide amounting to murder","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 4, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0A Division Bench of S.M. Gavhane and T.V. Nalawade, JJ., while partially allowing the appeal, held that, \"...with regard to offence under Section 498-A IPC, prosecuton has to prove that the accused in furtherance of their common intention caused cruelty within the meaning of cruelty given under explanation\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":225564,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/02\/13\/bom-hc-homicidal-death-for-a-crime-to-be-proved-it-is-not-necessary-that-it-must-be-been-seen-to-have-committed-offence-can-be-proved-by-circumstantial-evidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":268950,"position":5},"title":"Bom HC | Homicidal Death | For a crime to be proved, it is not necessary that it must be seen to have been committed","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: A Division Bench of Surendra P. Tavade and Ranjit More, JJ., while dealing with a case in regard to homicidal death upheld the decision of the trial court which was in challenge before the Bench. In the present case, appellant preferred the appeal against the Judgment passed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=268950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268950\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=268950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=268950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=268950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}