{"id":268626,"date":"2022-06-18T09:00:58","date_gmt":"2022-06-18T03:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=268626"},"modified":"2022-06-17T18:07:48","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T12:37:48","slug":"act-of-terrorism-interpretation-insurance-claim-repudiation-supreme-court-judgment-india-legal-updates-research-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/18\/act-of-terrorism-interpretation-insurance-claim-repudiation-supreme-court-judgment-india-legal-updates-research-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Can insurer rely on statutory interpretation of \u201cacts of terrorism\u201d to repudiate insurance claim where the policy itself defines the term? Supreme Court decides\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court:<\/span><\/b> In an insurance repudiation case the Division Bench of Ajay\u202fRastogi and <\/span>Abhay\u202fS.\u202fOka*<\/span><\/b>, JJ., held that where the insurance policy expressly defines a term the insurance company cannot rely on Statutory interpretation of the same to repudiate the insurance claim.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The Court reversed National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission\u2019s (NCDRC) judgment by which it had held that the insurance company was justified in repudiating the claim.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Factual Backdrop\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

The appellant had taken Standard Fire and Special Perils Policy from the insurance company in respect of his Engineering Workshop and Plant. The total sum assured was Rs.26,00,00,000 under the policy covering the loss on account of fire, lightning, explosion, riots, strike etc.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As per the claim made by the appellant, after midnight of 22-03-2010, about 50\u00ad60 antisocial people with arms and ammunition entered the factory premises of the appellant and caused substantial damage to the factory,\u202fmachinery, and\u202fother\u202fequipment. The mob demanded money and jobs for local people. The appellant contended that the object of the incident was to terrorise the management of the appellant and workers in the factory by forcing them to pay a ransom to the miscreants.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The appellant lodged a regular claim with the insurance company. The surveyor assessed the loss at Rs.89,43,422 while the appellant claimed that the insurance company was liable to make an interim payment of Rs.1.5 crores.\u00a0\u00a0 However, the insurance company repudiated the appellant\u2019s claim relying on the Exclusion Clause of the policy regarding loss or damage caused by the acts of terrorism.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Findings of NCDRC\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

Therefore, the appellant approached NCDRC complaining about deficiency in the service offered by the insurance company. By the impugned judgment and order, the NCDRC held that because of the \u201cTerrorism\u00a0\u00a0 Damage\u00a0\u00a0 Exclusion\u00a0\u00a0 Warranty\u201d; i.e., the Exclusion Clause, the insurance company was justified in repudiating the claim of the appellant. The NCDRC held that the damage caused to the factory and equipment of the appellant was due to an act of terrorism.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Analysis and Findings\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

The Exclusion Clause of the policy defined the act of terrorism as\u2014<\/span>“the actions can be termed as acts of terrorism provided the same are committed for political, religious, ideological or similar purposes.\u00a0\u00a0 The words \u2018similar purposes\u2019 will have to be construed ejusdem generis.\u201d<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Noticeably, the repudiation of the policy was based on the Preliminary Survey Report, Investigation Report, and the Final Survey Report.\u00a0\u00a0 However, the Court noted that the Survey Reports could not throw any light on the question whether there was an act of terrorism, the\u202fInvestigation\u202fReport did not conclusively prove that the persons involved in the incident belonged to Maoist or similar groups. Similarly, the FIR and Closure Report did not refer to acts of terrorism as defined under the Exclusion Clause, rather it showed that the police had registered a case against 105 miscreants who could not be traced.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, the Court held that the insurance company had not discharged the burden of bringing the case within the four corners of the Exclusion Clause.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The insurance company had argued that since the police had invoked Section 17 of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1908 against the miscreants for unlawful association, the very fact that the provisions of the Amendment Act of 1908 had been applied showed that the loss caused to the appellant was due to a terrorist act. The Court, rejecting the contention of the insurance company held,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cWhen the policy itself defines the acts of terrorism in the Exclusion Clause, the terms of the policy being a concluded contract will govern the rights and liabilities of the parties.\u00a0 Therefore, the parties cannot rely upon the definitions of \u2018terrorism\u2019 in various penal statutes since the Exclusion Clause contains an exhaustive definition of acts of terrorism.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Conclusion<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

Thus, the Court concluded that the NCDRC had committed an error by applying the Exclusion Clause. The policy specifically covered the damage caused by riots or violent means. Hence, the Court held that the decision to repudiate the policy could not be sustained.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Resultantly, the impugned order was set aside. However, noting that adjudication would have to be made on the quantum of the amount payable to the appellant after appreciating the evidence on record, including the valuation reports, the Court remanded the matter to the NCDRC for reconsideration. Further, relying on the expected damage estimated by the insurance company\u2019s valuer, the Court directed the insurance company to deposit a sum of Rs.89,00,000 with the NCDRC with liberty to the appellant to make an application for withdrawal.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[Narsingh Ispat Ltd. v. Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd., 2022 SCC <\/span>OnLine<\/span> SC 535<\/span><\/span><\/a>, decided on 02-05-2022]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

*Judgment by: Justice Abhay S. Oka<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
\n

Appearance by:\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For the Appellant: Santosh Kumar, Advocate\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For the Insurance company: Santosh Paul, Senior Advocate\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Kamini Sharma, Editorial Assistant has put this report together\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court: In an insurance repudiation case the Division Bench of Ajay\u202fRastogi and Abhay\u202fS.\u202fOka*, JJ., held that where the insurance policy expressly <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":268631,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[49739,49738,3082,2707,2617,2526,3476,14261,49644,3475,46274,30397],"class_list":["post-268626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-act-of-terrorism","tag-exclusion-clause","tag-factory","tag-Insurance","tag-insurance_claim","tag-Interpretation","tag-Maoist","tag-penal-code","tag-repudiation","tag-Terrorism","tag-terrorist-activity","tag-uapa"],"yoast_head":"\nCan insurer rely on statutory interpretation of \u201cacts of terrorism\u201d to repudiate insurance claim where the policy itself defines the term? 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While observing this, NCDRC upheld the repudiation of insurance claim by Reliance General Insurance Co.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCDRC_.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCDRC_.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCDRC_.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCDRC_.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCDRC_.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":312547,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/01\/31\/cal-hc-directs-fresh-consideration-of-insurance-claim-due-to-arbitrariness-and-illegality-in-repudiation-process-scc-blog\/","url_meta":{"origin":268626,"position":2},"title":"Calcutta High Court directs fresh consideration of Insurance Claim due to \u2018Arbitrariness and palpable illegality in repudiation process\u2019","author":"Ritu","date":"January 31, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court upheld the maintainability of the writ petition under Article 226, given the challenge is on the grounds of arbitrariness and illegality in the repudiation process.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"calcutta high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":258646,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/17\/a-prudent-insurer-has-to-gauge-possible-risks-insurer-cant-repudiate-mediclaim-alleging-pre-existing-illness-where-policy-was-issued-after-considering-necessary-medical-rec\/","url_meta":{"origin":268626,"position":3},"title":"\u201cA prudent insurer has to gauge possible risks\u201d; Insurer can\u2019t repudiate mediclaim alleging pre-existing illness where policy was issued after considering necessary medical records: SC","author":"Editor","date":"December 17, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The Division Bench of Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud and B.V. Nagarathna*, JJ., held that if on the consideration of the medical report, the insurance company gets satisfied about the medical condition of the proposer and that there was no risk of pre-existing illness, and on such satisfaction it issues\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":348642,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/05\/23\/the-principle-of-uberrima-fides-and-the-evolving-judicial-approach-to-non-disclosure-of-lifestyle-diseases\/","url_meta":{"origin":268626,"position":4},"title":"The Principle of Uberrima Fides and the Evolving Judicial Approach to Non-Disclosure of Lifestyle Diseases","author":"Editor","date":"May 23, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"by Utkarsh Pandit*","rel":"","context":"In "Op Eds"","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Principle of Uberrima Fides","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Principle-of-Uberrima-Fides.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Principle-of-Uberrima-Fides.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Principle-of-Uberrima-Fides.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Principle-of-Uberrima-Fides.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":261752,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/14\/explained-can-an-insurance-claim-be-repudiated-in-case-of-delay-in-informing-the-insurance-company-regarding-the-theft-of-vehicle\/","url_meta":{"origin":268626,"position":5},"title":"Explained| Can an insurance claim be repudiated in case of delay in informing the Insurance Company regarding the theft of vehicle?\u00a0","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"February 14, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The bench of Sanjiv Khanna and Bela M. Trivedi, JJ has held that an Insurance Company cannot repudiate a claim merely on the ground that there was a delay in intimating it about the occurrence of the theft of vehicle. The Court was deciding a case relating to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=268626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268626\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=268626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=268626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=268626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}