{"id":268487,"date":"2022-06-16T14:00:44","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T08:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=268487"},"modified":"2022-06-16T08:22:07","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T02:52:07","slug":"presumption-of-marriage-long-cohabitation-illegitimate-child-legitimate-rebuttal-family-property-share-supreme-court-legal-research-updates-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/16\/presumption-of-marriage-long-cohabitation-illegitimate-child-legitimate-rebuttal-family-property-share-supreme-court-legal-research-updates-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Long co-habiting couple’s child cannot be disentitled from family property in absence of proof against presumption of marriage: Supreme Court\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court<\/strong>: In a family property dispute wherein the legitimacy of one of the contenders was questioned, the bench of SA Nazeer and Vikram Nath, JJ has held that if a man and a woman live together for long years as husband and wife, there would be a presumption in favour of wedlock and since in the present case, the defendants had failed to rebut the presumption in favour of a marriage between the plaintiff\u2019s parents on account of their long co-habitation, he cannot be held to be an illegitimate son.<\/p>\n

In the case at hand, the suit property belonged to a family governed by the Mitakshara Law of Inheritance. The said property originally belonged to one Kattukandi Edathil Kanaran Vaidyar who had\u00a0\u00a0 four sons, namely, Damodaran, Achuthan, Sekharan and Narayanan. Achuthan had a son. Sekharan and Narayanan did not marry. Damodaran married one Chiruthakutty and they had a son by the name of Krishnan. However, the defendants contended that Damodaran never married Chiruthakutty and hence, by virtue of illegitimacy, Krishnan, the first plaintiff, cannot claim share in the property.<\/p>\n

The Trial Court on examination of the evidence on record held that Damodaran had a long co-habitation with Chiruthakutty and that due to such co-habitation, it could be concluded that Damodaran had married Chiruthakutty and that the first plaintiff was the son born in the said wedlock.\u00a0 The Trial Court accordingly passed a preliminary decree for partition of the suit property into two shares and one such share was allotted to the plaintiffs.<\/p>\n

The Kerala High Court, however, held that the first plaintiff was the son of Damodaran and Chiruthakutty, but not a legitimate son.<\/p>\n

Before the Supreme Court, the plaintiff argued that since their marriage took place more than 50 years prior to filing of the suit (now 90 years), there is no possibility of having any documentary evidence of their marriage. He, however, produced documents wherein there were references to periodical payments made to Chiruthakutty from the husband\u2019s house. Witnesses also examined on behalf of the plaintiffs in support of his contention. Hence, it was submitted that the documents would conclusively show that the first plaintiff was the son of Damodaran and Chiruthakutty and the contention of the defendants that Damodaran died as a bachelor or without any legitimate son, cannot be believed at all.<\/p>\n

At the outset, the Court reiterated the settled law\u00a0that if a man and a woman live together for long years as husband and wife, there would be a presumption in favour of wedlock. Such a presumption could be drawn under Section 114 of the Evidence Act. Although, the presumption is rebuttable, a heavy burden lies on him who seek to deprive the relationship of legal origin to prove that no marriage took place.<\/p>\n

Coming to the facts of the case,\u00a0the Court took note of the contention of the plaintiffs that the marriage of Damodaran and Chiruthakutty was performed in the year 1940. There was clear evidence that the first plaintiff was born on 12.05.1942. The documents produced by the plaintiffs were in existence long before the controversy arose between the parties. Hence, these documents, coupled with the evidence of witnessed, showed the long duration of cohabitation between Damodaran and Chiruthakutty \u00a0as husband and wife.<\/p>\n

The Court held that the defendants failed to rebut the presumption in favour of a marriage between Damodaran and Chiruthakutty on account of their long co-habitation. Hence, the impugned judgment of the High Court was set aside and the judgment and decree passed by the Trial Court was restored.<\/p>\n

[Kattukandi Edathil Krishnan v. Kattukandi Edathil Valsan, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 737<\/b><\/a>, decided on 13.06.2022]<\/p>\n

\n

*Judgment by: Justice SA Nazeer<\/h4>\n
\n

For plaintiffs: Senior Advocate V.\u00a0Chitambaresh<\/p>\n

For defendants: Senior Advocates R.\u00a0Basant\u00a0and\u00a0V.\u00a0Giri<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Law leans in favour of legitimacy and frowns upon the bastardy.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":268516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[31368,48034,47086,49716,4021,31853,46012,49717],"class_list":["post-268487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-family-law","tag-family-property","tag-legitimacy-of-child","tag-long-co-habitation","tag-marriage","tag-partition","tag-presumption-of-marriage","tag-rebuttal-of-presumption-of-marriage"],"yoast_head":"\nLong co-habiting couple's child cannot be disentitled from family property in absence of proof against presumption of marriage: Supreme Court\u00a0 | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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\u201cIllegitimate child of cohabiting couple to get assets share: Supreme Court\u201d","author":"Nilufer Bhateja","date":"June 27, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"On June 14th 2022, a leading newspaper had published an article with the headline \u201cIllegitimate child of cohabiting couple to get assets share: Supreme Court\u201d. The first paragraph of the article stated \"In an important judgment relating to partition of property among Hindus, the SC on Monday ruled that an\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fact Checks"","block_context":{"text":"Fact Checks","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/factcheck\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Green-and-Red-Check-and-Cross-Motivational-Trucker-Cap.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Green-and-Red-Check-and-Cross-Motivational-Trucker-Cap.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Green-and-Red-Check-and-Cross-Motivational-Trucker-Cap.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Green-and-Red-Check-and-Cross-Motivational-Trucker-Cap.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Green-and-Red-Check-and-Cross-Motivational-Trucker-Cap.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Green-and-Red-Check-and-Cross-Motivational-Trucker-Cap.png?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254444,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/20\/legitimacy-of-a-child\/","url_meta":{"origin":268487,"position":1},"title":"Ker HC |\u00a0Can DNA test be conducted to determine legitimacy of a child in a divorce petition without the child being on the party array? HC answers","author":"Editor","date":"September 20, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: A.Muhamed Mustaque and Kauser Edappagath, JJ., addressed an interesting question of law, Can a direction to undergo DNA Test be given in proceedings for divorce to establish the husband\u2019s assertion of infidelity and adultery on the part of the wife without the child in the party array?\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":284694,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/02\/21\/paternity-dna-test-adultery-chil-not-pawn-divorce-right-to-privacy-benefit-of-child-supreme-court-section-112-114-evidence-act-adverse-inference-against-wife-legal-updates-knowledge-research-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":268487,"position":2},"title":"\u201cChild cannot be used as a pawn to prove allegation of adultery against wife\u201d; SC lays down scope of using DNA profiling in divorce cases","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"February 21, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Supreme Court held that merely because either of the parties have disputed a factum of paternity, it does not mean that the Court should direct DNA test or such other test to resolve the controversy. Only in exceptional and deserving cases, where such a test becomes indispensable to resolve\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"\u201cChild cannot be used as a pawn to prove allegation of adultery against wife\u201d; SC lays down scope of using DNA profiling in divorce cases","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":340015,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/01\/29\/legitimacy-determines-paternity-section112-evidence-act-sc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":268487,"position":3},"title":"Legitimacy determines paternity under Section 112 Evidence Act, until the presumption is rebutted by proving \u2018non-access\u2019: SC","author":"Sucheta","date":"January 29, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"An \u2018additional\u2019 access or \u2018multiple\u2019 access does not automatically negate the access between the spouses and prove non-access thereof.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"legitimacy paternity","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/legitimacy-paternity.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/legitimacy-paternity.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/legitimacy-paternity.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/legitimacy-paternity.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":255095,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/02\/explained-can-in-a-declaratory-suit-plaintiff-be-subjected-to-dna-test-against-his-will\/","url_meta":{"origin":268487,"position":4},"title":"Explained| Can, in a declaratory suit, plaintiff be subjected to DNA test against his will?\u00a0","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"October 2, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cIndian law leans towards legitimacy and frowns upon bastardy. The presumption in law of legitimacy of a child cannot be lightly repelled.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":315970,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/03\/illicit-relation-and-conceiving-child-prior-to-marriage-date-does-not-lead-to-presumption-of-marriage-sc-legal-news-scc-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":268487,"position":5},"title":"Never Reported Judgment | Illicit relation and conceiving a child prior to the date of marriage does not lead to presumption of marriage [(1952) 2 SCC 720]","author":"Simranjeet","date":"March 3, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"This report covers the Supreme Court's Never Reported Judgment dating back to the year 1952 on presumption of marriage.","rel":"","context":"In "Cases Reported"","block_context":{"text":"Cases Reported","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casesreported\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"presumption of marriage","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/illicit.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/illicit.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/illicit.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/illicit.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=268487"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268487\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=268487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=268487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=268487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}