{"id":267428,"date":"2022-05-26T18:00:47","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T12:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=267428"},"modified":"2022-06-03T11:51:59","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T06:21:59","slug":"merely-exhorting-others-to-come-out-and-indulge-in-criminal-activities-would-amount-to-committing-a-crime-karkardooma-courts-law-legal-updates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/26\/merely-exhorting-others-to-come-out-and-indulge-in-criminal-activities-would-amount-to-committing-a-crime-karkardooma-courts-law-legal-updates\/","title":{"rendered":"Merely exhorting others to come out and indulge in criminal activities, would amount to committing a crime? Court answers while emphasizing elements of criminal conspiracy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Karkardooma Courts, Delhi: <\/strong>While addressing a case of alleged criminal conspiracy, Virender Bhat, ASJ-03, expressed that,<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cThe circumstances in a case, when taken together on their face value, should indicate the meeting of minds between the conspirator for the intended object of committing an illegal act or an act which is not illegal, by illegal means. A few bits here and a few bits there on which the prosecution relies cannot be held to be adequate for connecting the accused with the commission of crime of criminal conspiracy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The prosecution\u2019s case was that the accused were members of an unlawful assembly on 25<sup>th<\/sup> and 26<sup>th<\/sup> February, 2020 and the object of which was to take revenge for the death of the several Hindus during riots and to teach Muslims a lesson, and in order to achieve the said, they hatched a conspiracy to which they bludgeoned to death innocent persons namely Aas Mohammad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As per the charge sheet, three persons were apprehended, and their mobile phones were seized and the data was checked. As per the WhatsApp data on the phone of Mohit Sharma and Shivam Bhardwaj, it was revealed that they were members of the WhatsApp group \u201cKattar Hindu Ekta\u201d. An accused Lokesh Solanki was found to be a member of this group and messages had also been sent to group by him.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Analysis, Law and Decision<\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Court expressed that the offence of criminal conspiracy has its foundation in an agreement to commit an offence, it consists not merely in the intention of two or more, but in the agreement of the two or more to do an unlawful act by unlawful means.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201c\u2026the essence of criminal conspiracy is an agreement to do an illegal act and such an agreement can be proved by direct evidence or by circumstantial evidence or both.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elaboration further with regard to conspiracy, Bench stated that it requires an act and an accompanying mental state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To convict a person for the offence of conspiracy, the prosecution must show that he agreed with others that together they would accomplish the unlawful object of the conspiracy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the present matter, the only evidence with regards to hatching the conspiracy of the accused were the chats on the WhatsApp group \u201cKattar Hindu Ekta\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On perusal of the chats, it nowhere indicated that the said group had been formed for any particular illegal object i.e., to kill the persons belonging to the Muslim community as well as to vandalize\/burn their properties and that the members had agreed with each other that they would accomplish any such unlawful object of the conspiracy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Infact, as per the Court\u2019s opinion, the said chats revealed that the members were keeping themselves ready for any attack from other communities.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cThere was nothing in the WhatsApp Chats to lead this Court to any conclusive or irresistible inference that the members of the group had agreed for any particular unlawful object and for accomplishment of that unlawful object.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further, the Court analyzed that the messages posted in the group nowhere indicated that the members had formed the requisite mental state to launch an offensive against the members of the other community and to commit vandalization\/arson of their properties and kill them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In fact as per the prosecution\u2019s case, except for Lokesh Solanki, none of the other accused were a member of the said group, hence it would be unfathomable as to how an agreement between all the accused to do an illegal act can be inferred merely from the message posted in the said WhatsApp group.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In view of the above discussion, the charge of the conspiracy failed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Another statement relied upon by the Special PP was of Nisar Ahmed who stated that the accused were asking Hindus to come out of their homes, to bring out the Muslims from their homes, kill them and rob\/usurp their homes. Even if the said statement was taken at its face value, it would still only indicate exhortation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For the above, Court stated that,<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cMere exhorting others to come out and indulge in criminal activities does not tantamount to any agreement between the person who holds out exhortation and the person to whom the exhortation is held out, to commit a crime.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Therefore, no offence of criminal conspiracy was made out. [State v. Lokesh Kumar Solanki, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/bQPyo69F\"><b>2022 SCC OnLine Dis Crt (Del) 20<\/b><\/a>, decided on 15-3-2022]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karkardooma Courts, Delhi: While addressing a case of alleged criminal conspiracy, Virender Bhat, ASJ-03, expressed that, \u201cThe circumstances in a case, when <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":267436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4721],"tags":[48714,2998,3153,17231,49560,39826,49559,29785,49558,32845],"class_list":["post-267428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-district-court","tag-actus-reus","tag-Agreement","tag-Crime","tag-criminal-conspiracy","tag-exhortation","tag-hindu-muslim-riots","tag-illegal-object","tag-law","tag-unlawful-object","tag-whatsapp-chat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Merely exhorting others to come out and indulge in criminal activities, would amount to committing a crime? 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Read SC\u2019s key observations while upholding SIT\u2019s clean chit to PM Modi in 2002 Gujarat riots","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"June 28, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe protagonists of quest for justice sitting in a comfortable environment in their air-conditioned office may succeed in connecting failures of the State administration at different levels during such horrendous situation, little knowing or even referring to the ground realities and the continual effort put in by the duty holders\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SIT-Officials-have-come-out-with-flying-colours-unscathed-despite-all-odds-observes-SC-while-upholding-SITs-clean-chit-to-PM-Modi-in-2002-Gujarat-riots.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SIT-Officials-have-come-out-with-flying-colours-unscathed-despite-all-odds-observes-SC-while-upholding-SITs-clean-chit-to-PM-Modi-in-2002-Gujarat-riots.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SIT-Officials-have-come-out-with-flying-colours-unscathed-despite-all-odds-observes-SC-while-upholding-SITs-clean-chit-to-PM-Modi-in-2002-Gujarat-riots.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SIT-Officials-have-come-out-with-flying-colours-unscathed-despite-all-odds-observes-SC-while-upholding-SITs-clean-chit-to-PM-Modi-in-2002-Gujarat-riots.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SIT-Officials-have-come-out-with-flying-colours-unscathed-despite-all-odds-observes-SC-while-upholding-SITs-clean-chit-to-PM-Modi-in-2002-Gujarat-riots.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":326804,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/07\/17\/supreme-court-discharges-man-accused-of-criminal-conspiracy-for-his-cashiers-custodial-death\/","url_meta":{"origin":267428,"position":2},"title":"Supreme Court discharges man accused of criminal conspiracy for his cashier\u2019s custodial death","author":"Apoorva","date":"July 17, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court said that the finding of the Trial Court on the ground to proceed against the accused is based on suppositions and suspicions, having no foundational support from the materials produced by the prosecution.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"cashier\u2019s custodial death","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cashiers-custodial-death.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":258954,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/23\/conspiracy-and-abetment-of-corruption-sc-holds-section-13-of-prevention-of-corruption-act-cannot-be-invoked-against-non-public-servant\/","url_meta":{"origin":267428,"position":3},"title":"Conspiracy and abetment of corruption; 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Joseph and S. Ravindra Bhat*, JJ., held that \u00a0Section 13 of Prevention of Corruption Act cannot be invoked against a non-public servant. 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Shaffique and Ashok Menon, JJ. hearing 6 criminal appeals clubbed together, acquitted five persons who were convicted by National Investigation Agency (NIA) Special Court in 2016 for organizing a meeting of the banned outfit Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) in 2006.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":28011,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/12\/03\/prior-sanction-necessary-before-issuing-summons-to-public-servants\/","url_meta":{"origin":267428,"position":5},"title":"Prior sanction necessary before issuing summons to public servants","author":"Sucheta","date":"December 3, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Addressing the present case where summons were issued to the public servants without obtaining sanction from the Central Government, the division bench of V. 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