{"id":26351,"date":"2015-11-17T18:01:55","date_gmt":"2015-11-17T12:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=26351"},"modified":"2016-10-17T11:02:53","modified_gmt":"2016-10-17T05:32:53","slug":"unjust-enrichment-can-be-proved-by-establishing-a-sufficient-nexus-between-the-loss-and-the-benefit-so-received","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/11\/17\/unjust-enrichment-can-be-proved-by-establishing-a-sufficient-nexus-between-the-loss-and-the-benefit-so-received\/","title":{"rendered":"Unjust enrichment can be proved by establishing a sufficient nexus between the loss and the benefit so received"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of United Kingdom<\/strong>– Deciding on an appeal in a case concerning unjust enrichment and subrogation, the Court with the majority of 4:1 held that the appellant was enriched as she received the freehold of the property free of any charge, instead of receiving it subject to a charge to secure her parents\u2019 indebtedness to the Bank (a \u201cCharge\u201d) and her enrichment was at the expense of the bank. Giving reasons the Court stated that the appellant was enriched at the expense of the Bank because the value of the property given to the appellant was considerably greater than it would have been but for the avoidance of the charge and the Bank was left without the security which was central to the whole arrangement.<\/p>\n

According to the facts, the appellant is the owner of 2 Great Oak Court (\u201cthe Property\u201d), bought by her parents (in her name as a gift to her) as a family home for her, her siblings and her parents. The respondent Bank had two charges, securing the parents\u2019 borrowing, totalling about \u00a32.2 million over the previous family home owned by the parents, which was sold. The Bank agreed to release those charges, in return for a lump sum payment of \u00a3750,000 discharging part of the debt, and a fresh charge over the Property to secure the remaining indebtedness of \u00a31.45 million. This left \u00a3875,000 to be used out of the sale proceeds for the purchase of the Property in appellant\u2019s name. The appellant claimed that she did not know of the charge since the beginning and it was also void because she had not signed it and it had been altered without consulting her. The Bank counterclaimed and invoked the unpaid vendor\u2019s lien because the \u00a3875,000 used to pay the vendor effectively originated from its release of the charges over the previous property, and was intended to be secured on the Property.<\/p>\n

Lord Clarke, delivering the judgment accepted the submission made on behalf of the Bank that the unjust factor or ground for restitution is usually identified in subrogation cases as being, either (1) that the lender was acting pursuant to the mistaken assumption that it would obtain security which it failed to obtain: or (2) failure of consideration. The Court further noted that in order to prove unjust enrichment, it is pertinent to find whether there is a sufficient causal connection, in the sense of a sufficient nexus or link, between the loss to the Bank and the benefit received by the appellant. The Court also justified the remedy of subrogating the Bank to the lien over the freehold as broad and flexible, and justified on analysis of the decision of the House of Lords in Orakpo v Manson Investments Ltd <\/em>[1978] AC 95, 104. [Bank of Cyprus UK Limited v Menelaou<\/em>, [2015] UKSC 66, decided on 4.11.2015]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of United Kingdom– Deciding on an appeal in a case concerning unjust enrichment and subrogation, the Court with the majority <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":56741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts"],"yoast_head":"\nUnjust enrichment can be proved by establishing a sufficient nexus between the loss and the benefit so received | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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of bank guarantees offered as security cannot be treated as payment of customs duty: Supreme Court","author":"Sucheta","date":"May 20, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cUnder the scheme of the Customs Act, 1962, duty is assessed provisionally or finally whereafter an assessment order or order-in-original is passed. Post assessment order or order-in-original, the concerned importer is required to pay the assessed duty\u201d.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Encashment bank guarantees payment customs duty","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Encashment-bank-guarantees-payment-customs-duty-scaled.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Encashment-bank-guarantees-payment-customs-duty-scaled.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Encashment-bank-guarantees-payment-customs-duty-scaled.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Encashment-bank-guarantees-payment-customs-duty-scaled.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Encashment-bank-guarantees-payment-customs-duty-scaled.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Encashment-bank-guarantees-payment-customs-duty-scaled.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254739,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/27\/cestat-principle-of-unjust-enrichment-wrongly-invoked-by-the-commissioner-in-case-of-provisional-assessment-court-allows-appeal\/","url_meta":{"origin":26351,"position":1},"title":"CESTAT | Principle of unjust enrichment wrongly invoked by the Commissioner in case of provisional assessment; Court allows appeal","author":"Editor","date":"September 27, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Customs, Excise and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT): Rachna Gupta (Judicial Member) allowed an appeal which was filed against the order of Commissioner (Appeals) in which he had wrongly invoked the principle of unjust enrichment while rejecting the refund of the appellant. The appellant in the present case had imported\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240323,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/08\/cestat-refund-claim-was-to-be-given-directly-to-the-service-recipient-tribunal-allows-appeal-holding-that-the-refund-claim-was-not-hit-by-barred-of-unjust-enrichment\/","url_meta":{"origin":26351,"position":2},"title":"CESTAT | Refund claim was to be given directly to the service recipient; Tribunal allows appeal holding that the refund claim was not hit by barred of unjust enrichment","author":"Editor","date":"December 8, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Customs, Excise and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT): Ashok Jindal (Judicial Member) allowed an appeal against the order of dismissal by the Commissioner (Appeals). The appellant was engaged in providing works contract service to Garrison Engineers (MES) a unit of Department in the Ministry of Defense who was not engaged\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":273212,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/07\/whether-refund-can-be-claimed-on-the-service-tax-deposited-on-construction-of-individual-independent-residential-houses-cestat-answers\/","url_meta":{"origin":26351,"position":3},"title":"Whether refund can be claimed on the service tax deposited on ‘construction’ of individual\/ independent ‘residential’ houses? CESTAT answers","author":"Editor","date":"September 7, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Customs, Excise and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT): The coram of Dilip Gupta (President) and Subba Rao (Technical Member) allowed an appeal holding that appellant is entitled to claim refund of the service tax deposited by the appellant on construction of individual\/independent residential houses. The appeal was filed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Customs, Excise and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CESTATNew-Logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CESTATNew-Logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CESTATNew-Logo.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CESTATNew-Logo.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CESTATNew-Logo.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":78331,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/10\/14\/no-court-will-lend-its-aid-to-a-man-who-finds-his-cause-of-action-upon-an-immoral-or-illegal-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":26351,"position":4},"title":"No court will lend its aid to a man who finds his cause of action upon an immoral or illegal act","author":"Saba","date":"October 14, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Court of Appeal of Malaysia: The principal issue in this case was whether there is a resulting trust i.e whether the deceased, Ismail bin Barliar held the said disputed property\u00a0 on a resulting trust for and on behalf of the plaintiff where the plaintiff had never established that the purchase\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Court-of-Appeal-Malaysia_1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Court-of-Appeal-Malaysia_1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Court-of-Appeal-Malaysia_1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Court-of-Appeal-Malaysia_1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Court-of-Appeal-Malaysia_1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":253772,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/07\/amount-received-by-revenue\/","url_meta":{"origin":26351,"position":5},"title":"CESTAT | Amount received by Revenue, as deposit or pre-deposit unauthorisedly or under mistaken notion, etc., cannot be retained by Revenue; Tribunal allows appeal","author":"Editor","date":"September 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Customs, Excise and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT): Ashok Jindal (Judicial Member) allowed an appeal which was filed against the impugned order rejecting the claim for interest on the refund from the date of deposit till its realization. The appellant was manufacturer of zinc ingots, aluminum alloys ingots, lead ingots\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/CESTAT-Taxscan.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26351"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26351\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}