{"id":261795,"date":"2022-02-15T18:00:02","date_gmt":"2022-02-15T12:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=261795"},"modified":"2022-02-18T09:34:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T04:04:51","slug":"section-498a-ipc-husbands-relatives-cannot-be-forced-to-undergo-trial-in-absence-of-specific-allegations-of-dowry-demand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/15\/section-498a-ipc-husbands-relatives-cannot-be-forced-to-undergo-trial-in-absence-of-specific-allegations-of-dowry-demand\/","title":{"rendered":"Section 498A IPC| Husband\u2019s relatives cannot be forced to undergo trial in absence of specific allegations of dowry demand"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court<\/strong>: In a dowry demand and harassment case, where a woman had lodged criminal complaint against her husband and in-laws but \u00a0no specific role was attributed to the in-laws, the bench of SA Nazeer and Krishna Murari*,<\/strong> JJ has held that it would be unjust if the in-laws are forced to go through the tribulations of a trial and that general and omnibus allegations cannot manifest in a situation where the relatives of the complainant\u2019s husband are forced to undergo trial. The Court observed that a criminal trial leading to an eventual acquittal also inflicts severe scars upon the accused, and such an exercise must therefore be discouraged.<\/p>\n

The Court also observed that while incorporation of section 498A of IPC was aimed at preventing cruelty committed upon a woman by her husband and her in-laws, by facilitating rapid state intervention, it is equally true, that in recent times, matrimonial litigation in the country has also increased significantly and there is a greater disaffection and friction surrounding the institution of marriage, now, more than ever. This has resulted in an increased tendency to employ provisions such as 498A IPC as instruments to settle personal scores against the husband and his relatives<\/p>\n

The Court took note of several rulings wherein the Court has expressed concern over the misuse of section 498A IPC and the increased tendency of implicating relatives of the husband in matrimonial disputes, without analysing the long term ramifications of a trial on the complainant as well as the accused. The Court has observed in those judgments that false implication by way of general omnibus allegations made in the course of matrimonial dispute, if left unchecked would result in misuse of the process of law.<\/p>\n

\u201cTherefore, this court by way of its judgments has warned the courts from proceeding against the relatives and in-laws of the husband when no prima facie case is made out against them.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In the case at hand, general allegations were levelled against the in-laws. The complainant alleged that \u2018all accused harassed her mentally and threatened her of terminating her pregnancy\u2019. Furthermore, no specific and distinct allegations have been made against either of the Appellants herein<\/p>\n

The Court observed that<\/p>\n

\u201cThis simply leads to a situation wherein one fails to ascertain the role played by each accused in furtherance of the offence. The allegations are therefore general and omnibus and can at best be said to have been made out on account of small skirmishes.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The Court, hence, held that allowing prosecution in the absence of clear allegations against the in-laws would simply result in an abuse of the process of law.<\/p>\n

[Kahkashan Kausar v. State of Bihar, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 162<\/b><\/a>, decided on 08.02.2022]<\/p>\n

\n

*Judgment by: Justice Krishna Murari<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cA criminal trial leading to an eventual acquittal also inflicts severe scars upon the accused.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":261804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[2570,2697,33559,39938,48621,48623,39700,48622],"class_list":["post-261795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-Cruelty","tag-Dowry","tag-dowry-demand","tag-frivolous-litigation","tag-general-allegations","tag-relatives-of-husband","tag-section-498a-ipc","tag-specific-allegations"],"yoast_head":"\nSection 498A IPC| Husband\u2019s relatives cannot be forced to undergo trial in absence of specific allegations of dowry demand | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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prosecute husband’s relatives","author":"Saba","date":"March 20, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court: In the instant case filed for the quashment of criminal proceedings initiated against the applicants under Sections 498-A and 323 of IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, the Bench of G.S. Ahluwalia, J. held that in cases related to demand\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":347810,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/05\/14\/supreme-court-cruelty-498a-ipc-misuse-acquittal\/","url_meta":{"origin":261795,"position":1},"title":"Supreme Court acquits husband in 498A IPC case, expresses concern over misuse of dowry and cruelty provisions","author":"Apoorva","date":"May 14, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The term \u201ccruelty\u201d is subject to rather cruel misuse by the parties, and cannot be established simpliciter without specific instances, to say the least. The tendency of roping these sections, without mentioning any specific dates, time or incident, weakens the case of the prosecutions, and casts serious suspicion on the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Misuse of Section 498A IPC","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Misuse-of-Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Misuse-of-Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Misuse-of-Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Misuse-of-Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":350741,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/16\/allegations-are-generic-and-rather-ambiguous-sc-quashes-s-498a-ipc-case-against-husband-and-in-laws-for-lack-of-prima-facie-evidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":261795,"position":2},"title":"\u2018Allegations are generic and rather ambiguous\u2019; SC quashes S. 498A IPC case against husband and in-laws for lack of prima facie evidence","author":"Editor","date":"June 16, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cIt is rather unfortunate that the Complainant being an officer of the State has initiated criminal machinery in such a manner, where the aged parents-in-law, five sisters and one tailor have been arrayed as an accused.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Section 498A IPC","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Section-498A-IPC.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":371854,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/06\/bom-hc-dowry-remarks-ignoring-affair-tolerate-abuse-not-cruelty\/","url_meta":{"origin":261795,"position":3},"title":"Bombay HC: Father-in-law’s dowry remarks, ignoring husband’s affair, and advising to wife to tolerate violence not cruelty under Section 498A IPC","author":"Soumya Yadav","date":"January 6, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cWhen these allegations are considered apposite Section 498A IPC, they do not constitute \u201ccruelty\u201d as defined in the explanation appended to the provision.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"tolerate abuse not cruelty","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/tolerate-abuse-not-cruelty.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/tolerate-abuse-not-cruelty.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/tolerate-abuse-not-cruelty.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/tolerate-abuse-not-cruelty.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":351897,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/30\/498-aipc-ipc498-a-supremecourtjudgments-supremecourt\/","url_meta":{"origin":261795,"position":4},"title":"Section 498-A IPC: A Double-Edged Sword — Protecting Dignity or Enabling Misuse? Supreme Court Rulings explored","author":"Editor","date":"June 30, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court continues to shape the interpretation and application of Section 498-A of the IPC, balancing the need to protect women from cruelty and dowry harassment with concerns over potential misuse. 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