{"id":261236,"date":"2022-02-05T15:00:09","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T09:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=261236"},"modified":"2022-02-11T09:50:31","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T04:20:31","slug":"consent-decree-cannot-be-modified-altered-unless-the-mistake-is-a-patent-or-obvious-one-sc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/05\/consent-decree-cannot-be-modified-altered-unless-the-mistake-is-a-patent-or-obvious-one-sc\/","title":{"rendered":"Consent decree cannot be modified\/ altered unless the mistake is a patent or obvious one: SC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court:<\/strong> The bench of <strong>MR Shah*<\/strong> and BV Nagarathna, JJ has held that a consent decree cannot be modified\/ altered unless the mistake is a patent or obvious mistake.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court said that if held otherwise, there is a danger of every consent decree being sought to be altered on the ground of mistake\/ misunderstanding by a party to the consent decree.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Factual Background<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Case pertains to ORPAT and CASIO scientific\/Electronic calculators.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>According to the Plaintiff, the Defendant lifted each and every novel element of the original design, shape and configuration for its scientific\/ electronic calculator \u2018ORPAT FX-991ES PLUS\u2019.<\/li>\n<li>The Respondent applied for a design registration for its electronic calculator namely \u2018CASIO FX991ES PLUS\u2019 and it was introduced in India in October, 2011. Having knowledge about the sale of the scientific calculator by the Appellant under the name \u2018ORPAT FX- 991ES PLUS\u2019, the Respondent filed a civil suit.<\/li>\n<li>The High Court of Delhi passed an ex-parte ad-interim order of stay on 28.11.2018.<\/li>\n<li>Thereafter, the parties were referred to mediation by the High Court of Delhi on 18.12.2018.<\/li>\n<li>After a detailed correspondence and exchange of e-mails between the counsel appearing for the parties, a settlement was arrived at vide a Settlement Agreement dated 16.05.2019.<\/li>\n<li>The High Court decreed the suit on 03.07.2019 in terms of the Settlement Agreement.<\/li>\n<li>Subsequently, an Application was filed by the Appellant under Sections 152 and 153 read with Section 151 of the CPC for correction\/ rectification\/ amendment of the judgment dated 03.07.2019. The Appellant stated in the said Application that the Settlement Agreement pertains only to trademark \u201cFX-991ES PLUS\u2019\/ \u2018FX-991\u201d. However, there was an inadvertent typographical error of the trademark in the Settlement Agreement as \u201cFX-991ES PLUS\/ FX\/ 991\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>The High Court dismissed the said application.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Analysis <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court explained that a judgment by consent is intended to stop litigation between the parties just as much as a judgment resulting from a decision of the Court at the end of a long drawnout fight. A compromise decree creates an estoppel by judgment. However, a consent decree would not serve as an estoppel, where the compromise was vitiated by fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. The Court in exercise of its inherent power may rectify the consent decree to ensure that it is free from clerical or arithmetical errors so as to bring it in conformity with the terms of the compromise. Undoubtedly, the Court can entertain an Application under Section 151 of the CPC for alterations\/ modification of the consent decree if the same is vitiated by fraud, misrepresentation, or misunderstanding. <strong>But a consent decree cannot be modified\/ altered unless the mistake is a patent or obvious mistake.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the present case, the Court observed that the misunderstanding as projected by the Appellant between parties relates to use of \u201cFX\u201d or \u201c991\u201d as separate marks in the Settlement Agreement. The understanding between the parties was with respect to \u201cFX-991ES PLUS\u201d as a whole and not with reference to \u201cFX\u201d. A close scrutiny of the correspondence between the parties showed that the Settlement Agreement was arrived at after detailed consultation and deliberations. Thereafter, the parties were communicating with each other and they took six months to arrive at a settlement. The final Settlement Agreement was approved by the mediator.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The High Court applied its mind and passed a decree in terms of the Settlement Agreement dated 16.05.2019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There is no allegation either of fraud or misrepresentation on the part of the Respondent. The Court disagreed with the Appellant that there was a mistake committed while entering into a settlement agreement due to misunderstanding.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cCorrespondence between the advocates for the parties who are experts in law would show that there is no ambiguity or lack of clarity giving rise to any misunderstanding. Even assuming there is a mistake, a consent decree cannot be modified\/ altered unless the mistake is a patent or obvious mistake. Or else, there is a danger of every consent decree being sought to be altered on the ground of mistake\/ misunderstanding by a party to the consent decree.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[Ajanta LLP v. Casio Keisanki Kabushiki Kaisha d\/b\/a Casio Computer Co. Ltd, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/zV3D2vTS\"><b>2022 SCC OnLine SC 148<\/b><\/a>, decided on 04.02.2022]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">*Judgment by: Justice MR Shah<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Counsels<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For appellant: Senior Advocate K.V. Viswanathan<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For respondents: Senior Advocate Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi and Mr. Chander Lal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court: The bench of MR Shah* and BV Nagarathna, JJ has held that a consent decree cannot be modified\/ altered unless <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":261239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[2711,48524,45316,5373,10141,48544,48543,48545,3587],"class_list":["post-261236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-compromise","tag-compromise-decree","tag-consent-decree","tag-estoppel","tag-fraud","tag-mistake","tag-modification-of-consent-decree","tag-section-151-of-the-cpc","tag-settlement"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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Not a blanket rule, holds Supreme Court","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"February 27, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The bench of MM Shantanagoudar* and Vineet Saran, JJ has lucidly explained the law governing consent decree and has held that the well settled law that consent decrees are intended to create estoppels by judgment against the parties, thereby putting an end to further litigation between the parties,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":244430,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/25\/consent-decree-recognising-pre-existing-rights-created-by-oral-family-settlement-does-not-require-registration-under-section-17-of-registration-act-1908-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":261236,"position":1},"title":"Consent decree recognising pre-existing rights created by oral family settlement does not require registration under section 17 of Registration Act, 1908: Supreme Court","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"February 25, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The bench of Ashok Bhushan* and R. Subhash Reddy, JJ has held that consent decree recognising pre-existing rights created by oral family settlement does not require registration under section 17 of\u00a0 Registration Act, 1908. Background In the present case, Shri Sher Singh, husband of Jagno had half share\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":244477,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/27\/sale-confirmed-objections-of-judgment-debtor-overruled-can-consent-decree-be-set-aside-in-such-case-supreme-court-answers\/","url_meta":{"origin":261236,"position":2},"title":"Sale confirmed; objections of judgment debtor overruled. Can consent decree be set aside in such case? Supreme Court answers","author":"Editor","date":"February 27, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The 3-Judge Bench comprising of R. Subhash Reddy, M. R. Shah* and Ashok Bhushan, JJ., set aside the order of High Court of judicature at Karnataka holding that the Court had exceeded its jurisdiction while quashing the order. The Bench expressed, \u201cWhen the mortgaged property was sold in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":261109,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/04\/lok-adalat-award-cannot-be-a-basis-for-redetermination-of-the-compensation-under-section-28a-of-the-la-act-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":261236,"position":3},"title":"Lok Adalat Award cannot be a basis for redetermination of the compensation under Section 28A of the LA Act: SC","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"February 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The bench of KM Joseph* and PS Narsimha, JJ was called upon to decide whether the Award passed by a Lok Adalat under 0 can form the basis for redetermination of compensation as contemplated under Section 28A of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The Court held that an\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lok-Adalat-Award-cannot-be-a-basis-for-redetermination-of-the-compensation-under-Section-28A-of-the-LA-Act.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lok-Adalat-Award-cannot-be-a-basis-for-redetermination-of-the-compensation-under-Section-28A-of-the-LA-Act.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lok-Adalat-Award-cannot-be-a-basis-for-redetermination-of-the-compensation-under-Section-28A-of-the-LA-Act.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lok-Adalat-Award-cannot-be-a-basis-for-redetermination-of-the-compensation-under-Section-28A-of-the-LA-Act.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lok-Adalat-Award-cannot-be-a-basis-for-redetermination-of-the-compensation-under-Section-28A-of-the-LA-Act.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":196628,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/06\/01\/decree-of-divorce-by-mutual-consent-is-appealable-where-the-consent-itself-is-disputed\/","url_meta":{"origin":261236,"position":4},"title":"Decree of divorce by mutual consent is appealable where the consent itself is disputed","author":"Saba","date":"June 1, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Allahabad High Court: An appeal filed by the wife against the decree of divorce by mutual consent, was allowed by a Division Bench comprising of Pankaj Mithal and Rajiv Joshi, JJ. A decree was passed by the family court under Section 13-B of Hindu Marriage Act (HMA), 1955 for dissolution\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":248233,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/05\/14\/judicial-separation\/","url_meta":{"origin":261236,"position":5},"title":"Chh HC | Judicial separation in place of divorce not to be granted mechanically in applications for divorce by mutual consent; Serious dispute not pre-requisite for seeking mutual consent","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 14, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Chhattisgarh High Court: A Division Bench of Prashant Kumar Mishra and N.K. Chandravanshi, JJ., reversed a decree of judicial separation passed by the trial court, and instead passed a decree of divorce by mutual consent as originally prayed for the parties. The parties got married in 2017. However, they remained\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=261236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/261239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=261236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=261236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=261236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}