{"id":260146,"date":"2022-01-15T11:00:32","date_gmt":"2022-01-15T05:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=260146"},"modified":"2022-01-29T09:35:35","modified_gmt":"2022-01-29T04:05:35","slug":"dowry-prohibition-act-vis-a-vis-jk-dowry-restraint-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/01\/15\/dowry-prohibition-act-vis-a-vis-jk-dowry-restraint-act\/","title":{"rendered":"J&#038;K HC | Dowry Prohibition Act vis-a-vis J&#038;K Dowry Restraint Act; HC blurs the line between the two"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Jammu and Kashmir High Court:<\/strong> In a case alleging dowry death, Rajnesh Oswal, J., clarified the scope and applicability of Jammu and Kashmir Dowry Restraint Act 1960. Observing that the Trial Court had conducted mini trial at the stage of framing of charge, the Bench expressed,<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a0\u201cThe trial court was considering issue with regard to framing of charge under section 304-B RPC but the trial court got swayed by the definition of dowry as defined under the Act of 1960 forgetting the legislative intent behind making the amendment, more when the definition was elastic even for the purpose of Act of 1960 by the use of expression \u201cIn this Act unless the context otherwise requires\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The instant petition had been filed by the mother of the deceased against the impugned order of the Trial Court by which the respondents were discharged of offence under section 304-B RPC and instead charges were framed for offences under sections 306 and 498-A\/34 RPC.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Background<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The allegations against the respondents were that they used to demand dowry and a car from the deceased and although the amount of two lakhs was paid by the petitioner, neither the atrocities against the deceased came to an end nor the demand for dowry. The allegation was levelled that the husband, father in law, mother in law and brother in law had started beating the deceased and they also snatched her phone which had compelled the deceased to take her own life and she committed suicide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The grievance of the petitioner was that the Trial Court had altered the charge from 304-B RPC to 306 and 498-A\/34 RPC despite the fact that there was abundant evidence on record for framing of charge under section 304-B RPC.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Question of Law<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Whether the definition of the dowry as defined under the J&amp;K Dowry Restraint Act 1960 is entirely different <em>vis-a-vis<\/em> dowry as defined under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 that is applicable to the whole of the India excluding the then State of Jammu and Kashmir?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The controversy had arisen because the definition of the dowry as contained in the Dowry Restraint Act, 1960 as was applicable in the erstwhile State of J&amp;K, was very restrictive in its application whereas the definition of a dowry as contained in the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 as applicable in rest of the India except the erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir was of wider amplitude.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Observations of the Trial Court<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As per definition of dowry as defined under the Dowry Restraint Act, 1960, dowry means any property transferred or agreed to be transferred as a part of any betrothal, marriage, pre-betrothal, post-marriage ceremony and other ceremonies such as Thaka, Rophera, Duphera, Phirsal, Phersuzen and like ceremonies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The section contemplates the transfer of a property or agreement for transfer of a property as a part of contract in connection with the ceremonies. The Trial Court discharged the respondents on the premise that there was no such contract between the parties as such offence under section 304-B RPC was not made out and further that there was no evidence that the deceased was subjected to cruelty by the accused in relation to the demand of the dowry or a car soon before her death.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Analysis and Findings<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Opining that the reasons furnished by the Trial Court for non-applicability of section 304-B RPC just because there was no contract within the meaning of section 2 of Dowry Restraint Act, 1960 were not convincing, the Bench clarified, the section 2 of the Dowry Restraint Act, 1960 begins with expression <strong><em>\u201cIn this Act unless the context otherwise requires\u201d<\/em><\/strong> meaning thereby that the definition of \u201cDowry\u201d used in the Act 1960, cannot be put in to straight jacket formula and if the Act of 1960 necessitates or requires, then the word \u201cdowry\u201d can contemplate other situations\/persons as well.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">If the interpretation of the trial court is accepted, then none other than the husband, his father and mother can be proceeded against under section 304-B RPC and it would do violence not only to the statue but also the legislative intent behind it. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Section 304-B RPC contemplates the death of woman with in the period of 7 years and also the persons who can be proceeded against under section 304-B i.e. husband and his relatives where as the section 2 of the Act 1960 contemplates persons to be proceeded against as party to the marriage or betrothal and father, mother and guardian of the party. The Bench expressed,<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u201cSection 2 of the Dowry Restraint Act, 1960 begins with expression \u201cIn this Act unless the context otherwise requires\u201d meaning thereby that the definition of \u201cDowry\u201d used in the Act 1960, cannot be put in to straight jacket formula and if the Act of 1960 necessitates or requires, then the word \u2018dowry\u2019 can contemplate other situations\/persons as well.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Therefore, the Bench concluded that the definition of dowry under the Act, 1960 cannot be given stricter meaning so as to defeat the very purpose of the statute. On the issue, whether there was any evidence on record to justify framing of charge under section 304-B RPC with regard to the demand of dowry, the Bench cautioned that the court is not supposed to hold mini trial at this stage (framing of charges).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Considering that the deceased died because of suicide within the seven years of marriage and the presumption of dowry death was wrongly rejected by the Trial Court on the ground that there was no evidence that the deceased was subjected to cruelty by the accused in relation to the demand of the dowry or a car \u201csoon before her death\u201d, the Bench cited <em>Satbir Singh v. State of Haryana<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/a78OM218\">(2021) 6 SCC 1<\/a>, to remind the Court that when the legislature used the words, \u201csoon before\u201d they did not mean \u201cimmediately before\u201d.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the light of above, the petition was allowed and the impugned order was set aside with the direction to the Trial Court to frame the charges for commission of offences under Section 304-B, 498-A\/34 RPC against the respondent 2 to 4. [Shakuntla Devi v. Union Territory of J&amp;K, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/e4IP19wi\"><b>2021 SCC OnLine J&amp;K 1002<\/b><\/a>, decided on 10-12-2021]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Kamini Sharma, Editorial Assistant has reported this brief.<\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Appearance by: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For the Petitioner: Ajay Bakshi, Advocate<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For the UT of J&amp;K: Aseem Sawhney, AAG<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For Respondents: Satinder Gupta, Advocate<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jammu and Kashmir High Court: In a case alleging dowry death, Rajnesh Oswal, J., clarified the scope and applicability of Jammu and <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2570,6691,3000,4021,48359,48360,2752,2642],"class_list":["post-260146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Cruelty","tag-dowry-death","tag-harassment","tag-marriage","tag-rpc","tag-s-304-b","tag-Suicide","tag-wife"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>J&amp;K HC | Dowry Prohibition Act vis-a-vis J&amp;K Dowry Restraint Act; 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Nilufer Bhateja","author":"Nilufer Bhateja","date":"January 29, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"SCC Online Weekly Rewind Episode 46 ft. Nilufer Bhateja, Associate Editor is out now. The written episode along with the video episode can be watched and read below. \u00a0 Top News of the Week \u00a0Bishop Franco Mulakkal; A victim of faction feud in the Church and group fights of nuns?\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legal RoundUp&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legal RoundUp","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/columns-for-roundup\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-37-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-37-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-37-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-37-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-37-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":202078,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/09\/21\/framing-of-charges-requires-a-prima-facie-case-against-the-accused-evaluation-of-materials-to-assess-conviction-not-required\/","url_meta":{"origin":260146,"position":1},"title":"Framing of charges requires a prima facie case against the accused; evaluation of materials to assess conviction not required","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"September 21, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Jammu & Kashmir High Court: A Single Judge bench comprising of Sanjay Kumar Gupta, J. dismissed the petitions filed by the accused petitioner and his brother under Section 561-A CrPC, seeking quashing of charges filed against them under Sections 304-B and 498-A of the RPC. The accused petitioner Rohit Singh\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":380173,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/04\/04\/madras-hc-presumption-in-dowry-death-cases-needs-proof-of-cruelty-soon-before-death\/","url_meta":{"origin":260146,"position":2},"title":"Presumption in dowry death cases require proof of demand related cruelty soon before death: Madras HC acquits husband","author":"Soumya Yadav","date":"April 4, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe trial court failed to note that only when the prosecution proves the foundational facts and there is evidence to show that cruelty was meted out to the deceased in respect of demand of dowry soon before death, the presumption under Section 113-B of the Evidence Act would arise.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Presumption in dowry death cases","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Presumption-in-dowry-death-cases.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Presumption-in-dowry-death-cases.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Presumption-in-dowry-death-cases.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Presumption-in-dowry-death-cases.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":325400,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/07\/01\/mechanical-addition-charges-us-302-ipc-dowry-cases-dilutes-severity-murder-offense-allahabad-hc-takes-note-practice-trial-courts\/","url_meta":{"origin":260146,"position":3},"title":"Mechanical addition of charges u\/s 302 IPC in dowry cases dilutes the severity of murder as an offense: Allahabad HC takes note of practice by Trial Courts","author":"Editor","date":"July 1, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cAddition of Section 302 IPC in addition to pre-existing sections about dowry death and dowry related inhuman treatment is being carried out by Trial Judges as a matter of routine and in a most mechanical fashion, making the entire episode more grim and serious, without having any supporting documents or\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Allahabad High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":333696,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/10\/23\/heated-exchange-between-couple-family-members-over-meal-preparation-not-sufficient-to-prove-abetment-to-suicide-jk-hc-scc-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":260146,"position":4},"title":"Heated exchange between couple\/family members over meal preparation not sufficient to prove abetment to suicide: J&amp;K High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"October 23, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court stated that the presumption under Section 114-C of the Evidence Act regarding dowry deaths could not be applied without credible evidence of dowry harassment.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-and-Ladakh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jammu-and-Kashmir-and-Ladakh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, 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Factual Matrix An FIR was filed by the informant (PW-1) with regard to the dowry death of his daughter who was allegedly killed by her in-laws. Accused was married to the informant\u2019s\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=260146"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260146\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=260146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=260146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=260146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}