{"id":259775,"date":"2022-01-10T11:00:51","date_gmt":"2022-01-10T05:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=259775"},"modified":"2022-01-08T17:08:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-08T11:38:42","slug":"life-cannot-be-breathed-into-the-stillborn-charge-memorandum-sc-holds-where-prior-approval-is-the-rule-the-defect-cannot-be-cured-by-post-facto-approval","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/01\/10\/life-cannot-be-breathed-into-the-stillborn-charge-memorandum-sc-holds-where-prior-approval-is-the-rule-the-defect-cannot-be-cured-by-post-facto-approval\/","title":{"rendered":"Life cannot be breathed into the stillborn charge memorandum; SC holds where prior approval is the rule the defect cannot be cured by post-facto approval\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court: <\/strong>The Division Bench of L. Nageswara Rao and Aniruddha Bose*<\/strong>, JJ held that not \u00a0having approval of the Finance Minister at the time of issue of charge memorandum for carrying departmental enquiry would render the it defective, not capable of being validated retrospectively by post-facto approval.<\/p>\n

Factual Background<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The issue arose out of an inquiry made the appellant, a former Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax for major penalty under Rule 14 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965 on the allegation that in the year 1998, he, in collusion with a Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, had conducted a survey under Section 133A of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 in five proprietary group concerns of one Mukeshchandra Dahyabhai Gajiwala and his family and demanded a sum of rupees five lacs other than legal remuneration for settling the matter. It was further alleged in the articles of charge that he, along with the said Deputy Commissioner, had demanded a sum of rupees two lacs other than legal remuneration from the same individual and later on, the Deputy Commissioner Mr. K.K. Dhawan accepted the said amount.<\/p>\n

Grievances of the Appellant<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The findings of the enquiry officer were assailed by the appellant on the ground that the charge memorandum was not specifically approved by the Finance Minister. The appellant relied on the decision of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), in B.V. Gopinath v. Union of India<\/em>, which was later on upheld by the coordinate Bench of the Supreme Court, wherein the Tribunal had held that in absence of the approval of the charges by the competent authority, further proceedings in the disciplinary case could not be sustained.<\/p>\n

However, the appellant\u2019s request for quashing the charges was ultimately turned down on the ground that the petition for Special Leave to Appeal was pending before the Supreme Court in the case of B.V. Gopinath<\/em> and the appellant could not rely on a verdict which was sub judice when the cause of action arose. Further, the respondent informed the appellant that the charge memorandum had received the approval of Disciplinary Authority and the proceedings could continue from the stage where it stood before the charge memorandum was formally approved.<\/p>\n

Findings of the Court Below<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

On challenge, the CAT quashed the Office Memorandum, holding that the approval sought to be given on 08-01-2014 to a charge memorandum dated 18-11-2002 was impermissible as such approval could not have been granted ex-post facto. In the aforesaid backdrop, the matter reached to the Delhi High Court against the Tribunal\u2019s verdict. Differentiating the appellant\u2019s case from the B.V. Gopinath\u2019s <\/em>case, the High Court held that subsequent approval implied ratifying an action and there being no requirement in the concerned Rules for prior approval, ex-post facto approval could always be obtained.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Findings<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The respondents\u2019 argument was accepted by the High Court mainly on two counts. First, there was no ex-post facto approval to the charge memorandum in Gopinath\u2019s <\/em>case. Second, approval implies ratifying an action and there being no requirement in the concerned Rules for prior approval, ex-post facto approval could always be obtained. The Bench opined that the absence of the expression \u201cprior approval\u201d in the aforesaid Rule would not have any impact on the instant case as the same Rule had been construed in the case of B.V. Gopinath<\/em> to hold that charge-sheet\/charge memorandum not having approval of the Disciplinary Authority would be non est<\/em> in the eye of law. Hence, the<\/strong> respondent could not claim that approval includes ratifying an action, which obviously could be given ex-post facto. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Similarly, the fact that initiation of proceeding received approval of the Disciplinary Authority could not lighten the obligation on the part of the employer in complying with the requirement of sub-clause (3) of Rule 14 of CCS (CCA), 1965. Evidently, sub-clauses (2) and (3) of Rule 14 contemplates independent approval of the Disciplinary Authority at both stages \u2013 for initiation of enquiry and also for drawing up or to cause to be drawn up the charge memorandum. Therefore, even in the event the requirement of sub-clause (2) is complied with, not having the approval at the time of issue of charge memorandum under sub-clause (3) would render the charge memorandum fundamentally defective, not capable of being validated retrospectively. The Bench remarked,<\/p>\n

\n

\u201c…the approval for initiating disciplinary proceeding and approval to a charge memorandum are two divisible acts, each one requiring independent application of mind on the part of the Disciplinary Authority. If there is any default in the process of application of mind independently at the time of issue of charge memorandum by the Disciplinary Authority, the same would not get cured by the fact that such approval was there at the initial stage.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The Bench further added,<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cIt would not be possible to accept the submission of Ms Indira Jaising that the approval granted by the Finance Minister for initiation of departmental proceedings would also amount to approval of the charge memo.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

However, noticing that the allegations against the appellant were serious in nature and ought not to be scuttled on purely technical ground, the Bench opined that the department\u2019s power to pursue the matter should be reserved and not foreclosed. Accordingly, the impugned judgment was set aside and the Tribunal\u2019s judgment was restored subject to the modification that in the event the department wants to continue with the matter, and on producing the material the Disciplinary Authority is satisfied that a fresh charge memorandum ought to be issued, such charge memorandum shall be issued not beyond a period of two months, and thereafter the proceeding shall take its own course.<\/p>\n

[Sunny Abraham v. Union of India, C.A. No. 7764 of 2021, decided on 17-12-2021]<\/p>\n

\n

*Judgment by: Justice Aniruddha Bose<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Kamini Sharma, Editorial Assistant has put this report together\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“What is non-existent in the eye of the law cannot be revived retrospectively.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":259804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[5291,2673,14131,29877,2592,48239,5941],"class_list":["post-259775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-cit","tag-corruption","tag-departmental-enquiry","tag-government-servants","tag-Income_Tax","tag-prior-approval","tag-service-law"],"yoast_head":"\nLife cannot be breathed into the stillborn charge memorandum; SC holds where prior approval is the rule the defect cannot be cured by post-facto approval\u00a0 | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/01\/10\/life-cannot-be-breathed-into-the-stillborn-charge-memorandum-sc-holds-where-prior-approval-is-the-rule-the-defect-cannot-be-cured-by-post-facto-approval\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Life cannot be breathed into the stillborn charge memorandum; 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SC examines validity of departmental actions","author":"Editor","date":"March 25, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cAnyone can make mistakes. The consequences of mistakes should not be unduly harsh\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":344663,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/29\/notice-under-s-263-income-tax-act-cannot-be-issued-after-resolution-plan-approval-gujarat-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":259775,"position":2},"title":"Upon approval of resolution plan all claims not included therein shall stand extinguished; Notice under S. 263 IT Act cannot be issued thereafter: Gujarat HC reiterates","author":"Editor","date":"March 29, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u2018On the complete extinguishment of all tax liabilities of the Corporate Debtor upon the approval of the Resolution Plan, there could be no occasion whatsoever for the IT Commissioner to issue the impugned notice under Section 263 of the Act, seeking to revise the assessment order for the Assessment Year\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Gujarat High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Gujarat-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Gujarat-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Gujarat-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Gujarat-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":274269,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/23\/closure-of-bio-medical-waste-treatment-facility-only-for-want-of-prior-environmental-clearance-would-be-against-public-interest-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":259775,"position":3},"title":"Closure of Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility, only for want of prior Environmental Clearance, would be against public interest: Supreme Court\u00a0","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"September 23, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: In a case where the closure of a \u00a0Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility was sought for want of Environmental Clearance (EC), the bench of Indira Banerjee* and JK Maheshwari, JJ has held that the closure of the facility only on the ground of want of prior Environmental Clearance\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-80-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":259349,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/31\/jhar-hc-non-supply-of-documents-cannot-vitiate-the-enquiry-in-absence-of-showing-how-the-alleged-non-supply-caused-prejudice-to-workman\/","url_meta":{"origin":259775,"position":4},"title":"Jhar HC |\u00a0Non-supply of documents cannot vitiate the enquiry in absence of showing how the alleged non-supply caused prejudice to workman","author":"Editor","date":"December 31, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Jharkhand High Court: Shree Chandrashekhar, J. held that a charged employee has no unfettered right to ask for any document on which the department does not intend to place reliance. The petitioner was an ex Block Co-operative Development Officer who was in-charge of Kuru LAMPS Project as Member Secretary. A\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":271273,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/08\/05\/jharkhand-high-court-judicial-review-seeks-to-ensure-fairness-in-treatment-and-not-the-fairness-of-conclusion-petition-dismissed\/","url_meta":{"origin":259775,"position":5},"title":"Jharkhand High Court | Judicial review seeks to ensure fairness in treatment and not the fairness of conclusion; petition dismissed","author":"Editor","date":"August 5, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Jharkhand High Court: Anubha Rawat Choudhary, J., while dismissing the writ petition dealing with a service matter preferred by the petitioner, for quashing the Notification issued under Memo dated 29-08-2013, held that there is no error, much less any manifest error of law and procedure leading to any\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Jharkhand High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jharkhand_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jharkhand_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jharkhand_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jharkhand_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jharkhand_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=259775"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259775\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/259804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=259775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=259775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=259775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}