{"id":258799,"date":"2021-12-21T11:00:34","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T05:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=258799"},"modified":"2021-12-20T23:22:40","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T17:52:40","slug":"quranic-injunctions-command-equal-treatment-of-wives-hc-holds-unequal-treatment-of-wives-is-sufficient-ground-to-grant-divorce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/21\/quranic-injunctions-command-equal-treatment-of-wives-hc-holds-unequal-treatment-of-wives-is-sufficient-ground-to-grant-divorce\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cQuranic injunctions command equal treatment of wives\u201d; HC holds unequal treatment of wives is sufficient ground to grant divorce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kerala High Court:<\/strong> The Division Bench of A.Muhamed Mustaque and Sophy Thomas set aside the findings of Family Court wherein it had held rejected to grant divorce holding that providing maintenance is sufficient for husband to meet marital obligations. Opining that unequal treatment between wives is sufficient ground to dissolve marriage under muslim law, the Bench remarked,<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cRefusal to cohabit and perform the marital obligations with the previous wife is tantamount to the violation of the Quranic injunctions which commands equal treatment of the wives if the husband contracts more than one marriage.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The parties married on 04-08-1991 and 3 children were born from the wedlock. The parties were Muslims and they married in accordance with the personal law applicable to them. However, after moving abroad, the respondent contracted another marriage with a lady namely Hajira during the subsistence of marriage with the appellant. The claim of the respondent was that he contracted second marriage as the appellant refused to have a sexual relationship with him.<\/p>\n

The appellant-petitioner filed a divorce petition in the Family Court on enumerated grounds of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 for divorce. In the petition, the grounds under the specific head of Section 2(ii), 2(iv) and 2(viii) of the Act alone were referred. However, the pleadings in the petition indicated the ground for divorce under Section 2(viii) (f) as well.<\/p>\n

Grounds for Divorce<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The appellant-petitioner relied on following grounds, as stipulated under Act, 1939 for seeking divorce:<\/p>\n

Section 2(ii): \u201cthat the husband has neglected or has failed to provide for her maintenance for a period of two years.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Section 2(iv): \u201cthat the husband has failed to perform, without reasonable cause, his marital obligations for a period of three years.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Section 2(viii) (a) and (f): \u201cthat the husband treats her with cruelty, that is to say- (a) habitually assaults her or makes her life miserable by cruelty of conduct even if such conduct does not amount to physical ill-treatment<\/em>, or (f) if he has more wives than one, does not treat her equitably in accordance with the injunctions of the Qoran<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Erroneous Findings of the Family Court<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The Family Court formulated the points for consideration on three different heads except with reference to sub clause (f). It had come out in the evidence that the respondent used to provide maintenance. The appellant had a case that that amount was in fact the money collected from abroad due to the intervention of local politicians to meet the marriage expenses of the daughter and not the maintenance provided, however, there was no evidence to that effect.<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cThe Family Court carried on an assumption that providing maintenance would be sufficient to prove that the husband performed marital obligations. This finding, according to us, is erroneous and cannot stand the scrutiny of the law.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Analysis and Observation<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The appellant had stated in the petition that from 21-02-2014 onwards, the respondent husband stopped visiting her. On the other hand, according to the respondent, he was forced to marry another lady for the reason that the appellant failed to co-operate with him on his physical needs. Rejecting the contention of the respondent, the Bench stated,<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cWe are not persuaded to believe the version of the respondent in this regard. Three children were born in the wedlock. Two of them got married. Absolutely, there was no evidence to show that the respondent was willing to cohabit with the appellant. That means, he failed to perform the marital obligations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Further observing that the couple was living separately at least for a period of five years prior to filing the petition, the Bench opined that the appellant made out a ground for divorce under Section 2(iv) of the Act. The next ground was under Section 2(viii) (a) of the Act, which referred to the physical and mental cruelty of the wife.<\/p>\n

\n

We noted that the parties are living separately for more than five years before the institution of the petition. That would show that there was no cohabitation. In such circumstances, we will not be able to justify the case put forward by the appellant-wife in regard to the physical or mental cruelty.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Unequal Treatment of Wives as a ground for Divorce<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The next ground was under Section 2(viii) (f) of the Act. Though in the petition, this provision had not been specifically mentioned, the Bench opined that mere omission to quote a statutory provision would not disentitle the claim for divorce on that ground if there were sufficient averments in the petition. The Bench added,<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cIf there exists a marriage with another lady during the subsistence of the previous marriage, the burden is on the husband to prove that he had treated both wives equitably in accordance with the injunctions of Quran. Staying away from the first wife for five years itself would show that he had not treated them equally.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The respondent had no case that he lived with the appellant after 2014. Hence, the Bench held that the refusal to cohabit and perform the marital obligations with the previous wife is tantamount to the violation of the Quranic injunctions which commands equal treatment of the wives if the husband contracts more than one marriage.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

In the light of above, the Bench held that the appellant-wife was entitled to get a decree of divorce. Accordingly, the appeal was allowed and impugned judgment was set aside. The Bench declared that the marriage between the appellant and the respondent stood dissolved. [Ramla v. Abdul Rahuf C.K., Mat.Appeal No.431 of 2021, decided on 01-12-2021]<\/p>\n

\n

Kamini Sharma, Editorial Assistant has reported this brief.<\/span><\/h4>\n
\n

Appearance by:<\/strong><\/p>\n

For the Appellant: C.Ijlal and Ummul Fida, Advocates<\/p>\n

For the Respondent: T.P.Sajid and Shifa Latheef, Advocates<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kerala High Court: The Division Bench of A.Muhamed Mustaque and Sophy Thomas set aside the findings of Family Court wherein it had <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[48100,2846,4021,31838,48099,34287,48101],"class_list":["post-258799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-48100","tag-divorce","tag-marriage","tag-muslim-law","tag-muslim-marriages-act","tag-quran","tag-rights-of-wives"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cQuranic injunctions command equal treatment of wives\u201d; HC holds unequal treatment of wives is sufficient ground to grant divorce | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/21\/quranic-injunctions-command-equal-treatment-of-wives-hc-holds-unequal-treatment-of-wives-is-sufficient-ground-to-grant-divorce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cQuranic injunctions command equal treatment of wives\u201d; 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Bhumika Indulia","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 31, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/JPjxwduflEA \u00a0 SUPREME COURT Bank not a trustee of money deposited by Customers\u00a0 The Supreme Court\u00a0in the recent observation has\u00a0held that the Bank is not the trustee of the money that a customer deposits in a bank and the same is not held by the former on trust for him.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Legal RoundUp"","block_context":{"text":"Legal RoundUp","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/columns-for-roundup\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-204.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-204.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-204.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-204.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-204.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":235907,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/09\/17\/kar-hc-though-shariat-permits-a-muslim-man-to-practise-polygamy-but-would-that-amount-to-cruelty-to-first-wife-hc-explains-concept-of-marital-cruelty\/","url_meta":{"origin":258799,"position":1},"title":"Kar HC | Though Shariat permits a Muslim man to practise polygamy, but would that amount to cruelty to first wife? 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Krishna Bhat, JJ., held that, \"Though contracting a second marriage by a Muslim may be lawful, but it more often than not causes enormous cruelty to the first wife justifying her claim for divorce.\" The present appeal calls in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":264163,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/03\/24\/marital-rape-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":258799,"position":2},"title":"Husband owns wife\u2019s body after marriage: What is holding back India to criminalise this misogyny?","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 24, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Decades have passed, several amendments have been introduced, yet no specific provision to punish a man indulging in sexual acts with his wife considering as his right and disrespecting the significance of the word \u201cConsent\u201d. 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C. Moyin overruled","author":"Editor","date":"May 6, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: The Division Bench of A. Muhamed Mustaque and C. S. Dias, JJ., addressed the controversial question regarding rights of Muslim women, i.e. \u00a0Have Muslim women lost their right to invoke extra-judicial divorce, after the coming into force of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939? A number\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":276718,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/04\/kerala-high-court-upholds-that-musim-women-can-terminate-marriage-even-without-the-will-of-the-husband-by-invoking-khula-legal-research-legal-news-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":258799,"position":4},"title":"Muslim wife can terminate marriage even without the will of the husband, by invoking \u2018Khula\u2019; Kerala High Court upholds","author":"Editor","date":"November 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: In a review petition arising from an appeal filed by the husband challenging a divorce decree granted to a Muslim wife under the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939, the division bench of A. Muhamed Mustaque* and C.S. Dias, JJ. has dismissed the review petition and has\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Kerala High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":310415,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/30\/husband-not-treated-both-wives-equally-required-under-islamic-law-mad-hc-upholds-judgment-granting-dissolution-of-marriage\/","url_meta":{"origin":258799,"position":5},"title":"\u2018Husband has not treated both wives equally as required under Islamic Law\u2019; Madras HC upholds Family Court\u2019s judgment granting dissolution of marriage","author":"Apoorva","date":"December 30, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cUnder the Islamic Law, the husband is entitled for Polygamous marriage, however, he has to treat all the wives equally\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"madras high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=258799"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258799\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=258799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=258799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=258799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}