{"id":255942,"date":"2021-10-22T12:06:30","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T06:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=255942"},"modified":"2021-10-22T13:19:47","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T07:49:47","slug":"there-is-gulf-of-difference-between-consent-and-submission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/22\/there-is-gulf-of-difference-between-consent-and-submission\/","title":{"rendered":"Ker HC | \u201cThere is gulf of difference between consent and submission\u201d; HC affirms conviction of person accused of raping his own daughter"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kerala High Court: <\/strong>R. Narayana Pisharadi, J., confirmed the conviction of person accused of raping his own daughter. Rejecting the defence that the victim was in a sexual relationship with another person, the Bench stated,<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cEven assuming that the victim is previously accustomed to sexual intercourse, that is not a decisive question. On the contrary, the question which is required to be adjudicated is, did the accused commit rape on the victim on the occasion complained of.\u201d\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The accused father of the victim repeatedly committed sexual assault and rape on her, thereby impregnating her. The 16 year old girl delivered a male child on 04-05-2013. The Trial Court found the accused guilty of the offences punishable under Sections 376 and 506(ii) of the IPC and also under Section 6 of the POCSO Act.<\/p>\n

Delay in Lodging FIR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assailing the delay in reporting the case, the defence contended that the victim revealed that her father used to sexually assault her till January, 2013, while the FIR was lodged on 20-03-2013, when she came to know that she was pregnant.<\/p>\n

Opining that reluctance to go to the police is on account of the attitude of the society which casts doubt and shame upon the victim rather than comfort and sympathy, the Bench stated that no girl would want the world to know that she was subjected to sexual assault by her own father, therefore, the delay was justified. The Bench expressed,<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cDelay, per se, is not a mitigating circumstance for the accused in a case of sexual assault. Delay in lodging the F.I.R cannot be used as a ritualistic formula for discarding the prosecution case and doubting its authenticity.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Credibility of the Testimony of the Victim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Even in a case where it is shown that the victim is a girl of easy virtue or a girl habituated to sexual intercourse, it may not be a ground to absolve the accused from the charge of rape. Therefore, the Bench held that the fact that the victim had sexual relationship with another person name Binu would not in any way affect the credibility of her testimony as a prosecutrix of a sex offence could not be put on par with an accomplice and her evidence need not be tested with the same amount of suspicion as that of an accomplice.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf at all any corroboration is required, the result of DNA analysis of the blood samples of the child born to PW1 and the accused, lends such corroboration or assurance. The result of the DNA analysis reveals that the accused is the biological father of the child born to PW1.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Whether the victim was minor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Headmaster of the school in which the victim was studying stated that though the date of birth of victim was 19-01-1997 in the admission register but he could not state on what basis the date of birth of the victim was incorporated in the register. Noticeably, the victim was admitted in that school in Vth<\/sup> standard. Accordingly, it was held that the prosecution had failed to prove the age of the victim at the time of the alleged incidents; particularly that victim was below 18 years or 16 years at the relevant time.<\/p>\n

Consent of Victim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Even though age of the victim could not be proved, it could not be a ground to hold that she was a consenting party as one could not imagine that the victim consented to have sexual intercourse with her father. The Bench clarified,<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is gulf of difference between consent and submission. Every consent involves a submission but the converse does not follow. Helplessness in the face of inevitable compulsion clouded by fear cannot be considered to be consent as understood in law.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Verdict <\/strong><\/p>\n

Considering that on account of rape committed by the accused on his own daughter, she had delivered a male child, the indelible imprint of which on her mind could not be ignored, the Bench opined that the accused was not entitled to any leniency in the matter of punishment.<\/p>\n

Consequently, the conviction as well as sentence against the accused under Section 506(ii) of the IPC and also under Section 6 of the POCSO Act, 2012 were set aside; while conviction of the accused under Section 376 of the IPC was confirmed with a sentence to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of twelve years and to pay a fine of Rs.50,000. [Unnikrishnan v. State of Kerala, 2021 SCC OnLine Ker 3696<\/b><\/a>, decided on 11-10-2021]<\/p>\n

\n

Kamini Sharma, Editorial Assistant has reported this brief.<\/p>\n

\n

Appearance by: <\/strong><\/p>\n

For the Appellant: Adv. Sujithkumar T.U. (State Brief)<\/p>\n

For the State: Adv. Sujithkumar. T.U, State Brief<\/p>\n

For Women and Child Welfare: Adv. Ambika Devi S<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kerala High Court: R. Narayana Pisharadi, J., confirmed the conviction of person accused of raping his own daughter. Rejecting the defence that <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-255942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts"],"yoast_head":"\nKer HC | \u201cThere is gulf of difference between consent and submission\u201d; HC affirms conviction of person accused of raping his own daughter | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There is gulf of difference between consent and submission\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/22\/there-is-gulf-of-difference-between-consent-and-submission\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ker HC | \u201cThere is gulf of difference between consent and submission\u201d; 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Orissa HC upholds father’s conviction for raping minor daughter","author":"Editor","date":"August 16, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe delay in lodging FIR in cases of child rape should be taken with much sensitivity and the Courts concerned must judiciously weigh all the surrounding factors which led to such delay as discarding the otherwise meritorious case of the victim merely because there was failure to knock at the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"orissa high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":274976,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/04\/father-accused-raping-sexualassault-minor-daughter-upheld-judgment-testimonyofthevictim-worthyofcredence-punjanandharyanahighcourt-legal-updates-research-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":255942,"position":1},"title":"Father ravished his own daughter in the most “inhumane manner”; 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Shekhawat, JJ., upheld the judgment saying\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Punjab and Haryana High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/punjab_and_haryana_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":257098,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/11\/15\/ker-hc-child-molestation-is-a-shame-on-society-but-if-the-allegations-are-false-it-is-lethal-to-the-life-of-the-accused-hc-acquits-father-accused-of-raping-his-minor-daughter\/","url_meta":{"origin":255942,"position":2},"title":"Ker HC | \u201cChild molestation is a shame on society; but if the allegations are false, it is lethal to the life of the accused\u201d; HC acquits father accused of raping his minor daughter","author":"Editor","date":"November 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: The Division Bench of K.Vinod Chandran and C. 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Women also have the right to life and liberty. They also have the right to be respected and treated as equal citizens. Their honour and dignity cannot be touched or violated\u201d.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"jammu and kashmir and ladakh high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":231875,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/07\/ker-hc-surrender-can-never-be-considered-as-consensual-acts-of-sexual-intercourse-sexual-intercourse-welcomed-could-be-accepted-as-consensual\/","url_meta":{"origin":255942,"position":4},"title":"Ker HC | Surrender can never be considered as consensual acts of sexual intercourse; Sexual intercourse welcomed could be accepted as “consensual”","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 7, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court:\u00a0P.B. Suresh Kumar, J., addressed a matter in which a 59 year old man was accused of raping a minor girl and the issue that has been dealt primarily in the matter is with regard to consent in the context of rape. Conviction and Sentence of the appellant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":270746,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/07\/28\/sexual-assault-on-minors-traumatic-destroys-personality-patna-high-courts-upholds-fathers-conviction-for-raping-his-minor-daughters-for-6-years\/","url_meta":{"origin":255942,"position":5},"title":"Sexual assault on minors traumatic, destroys personality: Patna High Courts upholds father’s conviction for raping his minor daughters for 6 years","author":"Editor","date":"July 28, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Patna High Court: The Division Bench of A.M. Badar and Rakesh Kumar Verma, JJ., while dismissing an appeal observed that a sexual assault leaves a traumatic effect on a victim of a minor age which not only affects her physically but also affects her emotionally and psychologically which ultimately leads\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Patna High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/patna_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/patna_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/patna_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/patna_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/patna_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/255942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=255942"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/255942\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=255942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=255942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=255942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}